Nutrition and Metabolic Insights最新文献

{"title":"A Teaching Kitchen Program Improves Employee Micronutrient and Healthy Dietary Consumption.","authors":"Miranda A Moore,&nbsp;Benjamin A Cousineau,&nbsp;Krystyna Rastorguieva,&nbsp;Jonathan P Bonnet,&nbsp;Sharon H Bergquist","doi":"10.1177/11786388231159192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388231159192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure changes in micronutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthcare and university employees who underwent a 10-week teaching kitchen program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight healthcare and university employees participated in a 10-week teaching kitchen program. Twenty-seven completed self-administered, 24-hour dietary recalls to measure dietary intake at baseline and 3-months. Micronutrient adequacy and diet quality was assessed using Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy percent of participants were classified as low or moderate micronutrient adequacy at baseline. The proportion of participants with high micronutrient adequacy increased from 30% to 48% at 3-month follow-up. Total HEI and most HEI components increased at follow-up; with a statistically significant increase in seafood/plant protein score (<i>P</i> = .007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications for practice: </strong>Our results suggest an inadequacy in micronutrient intake in university and healthcare employees and that teaching kitchens may help improve micronutrient adequacy and diet quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"11786388231159192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/c1/10.1177_11786388231159192.PMC10009100.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saffron and Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei,&nbsp;Setare Abolghasemi,&nbsp;Mahsa Frashidi,&nbsp;Shiva Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Gharei,&nbsp;Zahra Razmkhah,&nbsp;Najmeh Tavousi,&nbsp;Behnaz Mahmoudvand,&nbsp;Melika Faani,&nbsp;Narges Karimi,&nbsp;Amir Abdi,&nbsp;Mahsa Soleimanzadeh,&nbsp;Mahya Ahmadpour Youshanlui,&nbsp;Sayedeh-Fatemeh Sadatmadani,&nbsp;Reyhaneh Alikhani,&nbsp;Yasamin Pishkari,&nbsp;Niloofar Deravi","doi":"10.1177/11786388231160317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388231160317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep quality is defined as an individual's consent to sleep experience. Poor sleep quality has important adverse health outcomes. There are drugs to treat sleep disorders but consumption of these drugs is accompanied by adverse effects whereas herbal treatments have fewer side effects. Saffron is spice obtained from Crocus sativus flower. Several articles have been done on its effects on the quality of sleep and its safety. This review for the first time critically evaluates effect of saffron on sleep quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The search technique aims to get all related published data-based up to 2022 articles. PubMed, Central, Google Scholar, and Scopus were examined. Only full reports were evaluated (abstracts were excluded). The first screening was done by title and abstract. Then full text of articles was read and irrelevant articles were removed. Duplicate articles were also removed by Endnote. By using Cochrane risk of bias tool assessment, a quality score based on probability of bias was given. Methodological characteristics were also evaluated using the criteria of Stevinson and Ernst.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In the systematic review, 5 randomized clinical trials with 379 participants from 3 countries were identified. In placebo-comparison trials, saffron contains a large treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that saffron has a beneficial influence on duration and quality of sleep. Saffron, crocin, and safranal induce hypnotic effects by increasing the duration of sleep. Research conducted so far provides initial support and safety for use of saffron to improve sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"11786388231160317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/f1/10.1177_11786388231160317.PMC10357048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9866654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Rural Ghana.","authors":"Michael Akenteng Wiafe,&nbsp;Charles Apprey,&nbsp;Reginald Adjetey Annan","doi":"10.1177/11786388231158487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388231158487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid biological and physical changes during adolescence require adequate nutrient intake. This study assessed dietary diversity and nutritional status of adolescents living in selected rural areas in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 137 young adolescents, aged 10 to 14 years were recruited. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, household size and food intake practices. A multiple past 24-hour recall was used to estimate the micronutrients intake. Haemoglobin and anthropometry data were assessed. Dietary diversity score was assessed with 10 food groups described by Food and Agricultural Organization. Descriptive, chi-square, binary regression and partial correlation were used in the data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of underweight was 5.5%, overweight 5.8% and anaemia 29.9%. The mean dietary diversity score was 3.8 ± 0.8 and about 84.7% of participants had inadequate dietary diversity. Proportions of adolescents who consumed from the different food groups over a 24-hour period were: grains, white roots and tubers, plantain (100%); pulses (10.2%); nuts and seeds (34.1%); dairy (8%); meat, poultry and fish (86.9%); eggs (7.3%); dark green leafy vegetables (29.9%); other vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables (2.2%); other vegetables (81%); other fruits (7.3%). Dietary diversity scores were positively and significantly correlated with intake of micronutrient, with correlation coefficients of .169, .186, .191, .173 and .175 for vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B₆, iron and zinc, respectively. Meal skipping (AOR = 12.2, <i>P</i> < .001, 95% CI: 3.6-41.7) and snacking (AOR = 5.0, <i>P</i> = .007, 95% CI:1.6-16.7) increased odds of inadequate dietary diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of inadequate dietary diversity was positively related to meal skipping and snacking among adolescents. Dietary diversity score was significantly related to the intake of vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B₆, iron and zinc. The prevalence of anaemia among our study participants is of public health concern. Adolescents should be encouraged both at home and school to eat from diverse food groups to promote adequate intake of micronutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"11786388231158487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/52/10.1177_11786388231158487.PMC10009014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9179999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Buffalo Milk Consumption on the Growth of 10 to 12 years Old Schoolgirls in Magdalena, Laguna, Philippines.","authors":"Marivic S Samson,&nbsp;Corazon Vc Barba,&nbsp;Leila S Africa,&nbsp;Juliet S Aguilar,&nbsp;Merlyene M Paunlagui,&nbsp;Agnes C Rola,&nbsp;Kristine R Vigilla-Montecillo,&nbsp;Thelma A Saludes,&nbsp;Arnel N Del Barrio","doi":"10.1177/11786388231151355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388231151355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Milk contains essential nutrients that help can improve the growth and development of adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study determined the effect of milk consumption on the nutritional status of schoolgirls ages 10 to 12 years old in Magdalena, Laguna, Philippines.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A quasi-experimental study design was used to determine the impact of daily consumption of 200 ml buffalo milk on the prevalence of undernutrition among the 57 schoolgirl participants before and after 160 days. One sample <i>t</i>-test and paired <i>t</i>-test were used to compare the actual and expected total increment and monthly changes in the height and body mass index (BMI) of the participants, while a one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the actual total changes in height and BMI by age. Factors that are correlated with these measurements were identified based on Spearman's correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of stunting (31.6%-22.8%) and thinness (21.1%-15.8%) decreased after the milk feeding. Significant differences were observed in the means of total actual and expected changes in height (<i>P</i> < .00) and BMI (<i>P</i> < .00). While there were significant differences in the means of actual and expected monthly changes in height every month, this was only observed in the first 2 months for BMI. Only the mean actual changes in height had significant differences when compared by age (<i>P</i> = .04). Lastly, the age and education of the father were found to be correlated with the height of the schoolgirls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Buffalo milk consumption can improve the growth outcomes of schoolgirls.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"11786388231151355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/9e/10.1177_11786388231151355.PMC10184191.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet and its Effects on Silent Brain Infarcts in a Cohort of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Irene Escudero-Martínez,&nbsp;Fernando Mancha,&nbsp;Ángela Vega,&nbsp;Montserrat Zapata,&nbsp;Rafael F Ocete,&nbsp;Lucía Álvarez,&nbsp;Pilar Algaba,&nbsp;Antonio López-Rueda,&nbsp;Pilar Piñero,&nbsp;Elena Fajardo,&nbsp;José Román Fernández-Engo,&nbsp;Eva M Martín-Sánchez,&nbsp;Alejandro Galvao-Carmona,&nbsp;Elena Zapata-Arriaza,&nbsp;Lucía Lebrato,&nbsp;Blanca Pardo,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Cabezas,&nbsp;María Irene Ayuso,&nbsp;Alejandro González,&nbsp;Francisco Moniche,&nbsp;Joan Montaner","doi":"10.1177/11786388221122172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221122172","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: The benefits of Mediterranean Diet (MeDiet) in prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in general and ischemic stroke (IS) have been extensively studied and reported. We hypothesize that the consumption of nutrients typical of MeDiet would also reduce the rate of silent brain infarcts (SBI) among AF patients. Methods and Results: Patients with a history of AF who scored 0 to 1 in the CHADS2 score, ⩾50 years and with absence of neurological symptoms were selected from Seville urban area using the Andalusian electronic healthcare database. A 3T brain MRI was performed to all participants. Demographic and clinical data and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were collected. Of the 443 scanned patients, 66 presented SBI. Of them 52 accepted to be scheduled for a clinical visit and were included in the diet sub study and 41 controls were matched per age and sex. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics. After logistic regression analysis, we found that a higher consumption of fiber from fruit was independently associated with a lower risk of SBI, while a higher consumption of high glycemic load (GL) foods was associated with a higher risk of SBI in a population with AF Conclusion: Our findings support that MeDiet could be suggested as a prevention strategy for SBI in patients with AF.","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":" ","pages":"11786388221122172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/35/10.1177_11786388221122172.PMC9659930.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40690838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Medically Supervised Prolonged Fasting Therapy on Vitamin D, B12, Body Weight, Body Mass Index, Vitality and Quality of Life: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Gulab Rai Tewani,&nbsp;Karishma Silwal,&nbsp;Gita Sharma,&nbsp;Dinesh Yadav,&nbsp;Aarfa Siddiqui,&nbsp;Sucheta Kriplani,&nbsp;Varsha Vijay Nathani,&nbsp;Neha Sharma,&nbsp;Jyoti Keswani,&nbsp;Hemanshu Sharma,&nbsp;Pradeep Mk Nair","doi":"10.1177/11786388221130560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221130560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research indicates prolonged fasting for more than 7 days is beneficial in priming the vitamin D metabolism. However, methodological limitations in previous studies, such as insufficient sample size and a lack of control group, limits its generalizability. The present study evaluated the impact of prolonged fasting (10 days) on vitamin D, vitamin B12, body mass index (BMI), weight, hemoglobin, vitality and quality of life (QoL) compared to a normal diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized control trial was conducted in an in-patient private yoga and naturopathy setting between February and April 2022. A total of 52 participants (mean age 51.57 ± 13.67 years) with varying medical conditions were randomized into a fasting group (FG) or a normal diet group (NDG) with 26 participants in each group. The FG was on a fasting diet (500 kCal/day) which included holy basil herbal tea, lemon honey water, and water (3 L). The NDG (1500 kCal/day) consumed a routine diet that included Indian bread, pulses, steamed rice, vegetable salads, and beverages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FG has shown significant increase in the Vitamin D levels (<i>P</i> = .003, <i>d</i> = 0.475), vitality (<i>P</i> = .006, <i>d</i> = 0.425), physical QoL (<i>P</i> < .001, <i>d</i> = 0.549), psychological QoL (<i>P</i> = .002, <i>d</i> = 0.488), and environmental QoL (<i>P</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = 0.457) compared to NDG. No significant changes were observed in vitamin B12, weight, BMI, haemoglobin, and social QoL. A weak to moderate (ρ = 0.330-0.483) positive correlation was observed between vitality scores and QoL domains, whereas BMI scores showed an inverse correlation (ρ = -.280) with vitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that prolonged fasting for 10 days can improve vitamin D levels, improve vitality, and promote quality of life compared to a normal diet. Unlike previous studies, the FG does not differ from the NDG concerning weight and BMI. Nevertheless, fasting may be utilized as an effective tool to tackle vitamin D deficiency and associated health insufficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":" ","pages":"11786388221130560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/cd/10.1177_11786388221130560.PMC9619880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Preoperative Nutritional Indices and Sarcopenia in Patients With Stage III Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Takashi Aoyama","doi":"10.1177/11786388221129011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221129011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative nutritional indicators and sarcopenia in patients diagnosed with stage III colorectal cancer for the first time. To this end, we evaluated the relationships of preoperative anthropometric and nutritional indices obtained by physical measurements and nutritional assessments with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measurements obtained using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. The participants were 135 patients (58 women; median age, 69 years). The anthropometric values obtained using an adipometer, and tape measure were evaluated in relation to the Japanese Anthropometric Reference Data (JARD 2001). The anthropometric values were associated with SMI and were highly sensitive to the sarcopenia reference cutoff values indicated by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. Among the nutritional assessment tools, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was associated with SMI. Thus, preoperative anthropometric values in stage III colorectal cancer patients were associated with measurements obtained using the BIA method and can be considered clinically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":" ","pages":"11786388221129011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/54/10.1177_11786388221129011.PMC9575449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40645452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Body Mass Index on 5-Year Survival Rates in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Takashi Aoyama,&nbsp;Akifumi Notsu,&nbsp;Koki Ichimaru,&nbsp;Kinuko Hayashi,&nbsp;Masanori Tsuji,&nbsp;Kanako Yoshitsugu,&nbsp;Masafumi Fukaya,&nbsp;Terukazu Enami,&nbsp;Takashi Ikeda","doi":"10.1177/11786388221128362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221128362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer survival is associated with body mass index (BMI). However, the impact of patients' baseline characteristics on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the baseline clinical factors associated with 5-year survival rates in patients undergoing allo-HSCT.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective exploratory observational study. Patients (n = 113, 52 women; average age: 55 years) who underwent allo-HSCT at the Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shizuoka Cancer Center, between January 2008 and March 2015, were included in the present study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) had significantly lower 5-year survival rates than those with normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m²) and high (⩾25.0 kg/m²) BMI. The 5-year survival rate was poorer for patients with sarcopenia (41.5%) than that for those without sarcopenia prior to allo-HSCT (<i>P</i> = .05). The 5-year survival rate was poorer for patients with geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI < 98) (34.5%) than that for those without GNRI prior to allo-HSCT (<i>P</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low BMI before allo-HCST pre-treatment was a predictor of 5-year survival rates in this study. Patients undergoing allo-HSCT may require nutritional interventions during pre-treatment to reduce the risk of sarcopenia and GNRI (<98), which affects their survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":" ","pages":"11786388221128362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/da/10.1177_11786388221128362.PMC9549105.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33504015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Stunting and Underweight Among Children Aged 6 to 59 months in Bussi Islands, Wakiso District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga,&nbsp;Ivan Arinda Kato,&nbsp;Seungwon Lee,&nbsp;Muzafaru Ssenyondo,&nbsp;John Bosco Isunju","doi":"10.1177/11786388221125107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221125107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child undernutrition is a major public health concern in Uganda that can lead to increased risks of death with its prevalence higher in rural hard-to-reach areas than in urban areas. While it is assumed that the prevalence will be more concerning in islands with restricted accessibility to healthcare resources, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of stunting and underweight among children in Bussi Islands of Uganda. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of stunting and underweight among children aged 6 to 59 months in Bussi Islands of Wakiso District in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bussi Islands of Wakiso District. Sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements were obtained for randomly sampled 409 caretaker-child pairs from 409 households. Data was collected using pre-tested structured electronic questionnaires validated by the Uganda Ministry of Health. Anthropometric indices were calculated using ENA-SMART version 2011 and data analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Modified Poisson regression was used to generate Unadjusted and Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of stunting and underweight among children in Bussi Islands were 29.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Independent predictors of stunting included: suffering from diarrhea (APR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5); household food insecurity (APR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4); and child age of 12 to 23 months and 24 to 35 months (APR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.0 and APR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6 respectively). Protective factors against stunting were not suffering from measles (APR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.92); receiving deworming tablets every 6 months (APR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.81); and daily household utilization of more than 80 L of water (APR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.95). Predictors of underweight were suffering from diarrhea (APR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4) and having more than 9 household members (APR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Child stunting and underweight are prevalent public health problems in Bussi Islands of Wakiso District. Therefore, the study suggests that nutrition interventions in the Islands should focus on childhood vaccination, family planning, sufficient safe water coverage, household food security, and health education of child caretakers on optimal infant and young child feeding and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":" ","pages":"11786388221125107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/3f/10.1177_11786388221125107.PMC9520166.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40390876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and Anthropometric Parameters of Persons at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Before and After 3 Months of Consuming Insoluble Dietary Fiber.","authors":"Mykola D Khalangot,&nbsp;Vitaly G Gurianov,&nbsp;Tamara F Zakharchenko,&nbsp;Yurii M Pysarenko,&nbsp;Victor I Kravchenko","doi":"10.1177/11786388221125181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221125181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies have shown that insoluble fiber (IF) can be effective in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of experimental data on the effect of short-term consumption of IF on metabolic parameters. We tried to investigate whether there was an improvement in glycemia and body composition in individuals at risk for T2D after 3 months of IF consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This \"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Ukraine (T2DPUA)\" study describes participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as determined by ADA criteria. The study involved 30 people, including 21 women (70%). Daily, 15 g of IF derived from wheat was used. T2DPUA did not have a placebo group and the intervention lasted 3 months. Evaluation of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2h plasma glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, uric acid, and γ-glutamyl transferase was performed. The baseline and 3-monthly anthropometric examinations included measurements of weight, waist and hip circumference. Fat mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Paired samples <i>t</i>-test or Wilcoxon test were used.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A decrease of FPG (<i>P</i> = .042), HbA1c (<i>P</i> < .001), 2hPG (<i>P</i> = .005), weight (<i>P</i> < .001), body mass index (<i>P</i> < .001), the proportion of body fat (<i>P</i> = .006), and the absolute amount of fat (<i>P</i> < .001), increases in systolic (<i>P</i> < .001) and diastolic (<i>P</i> = .008) blood pressure was shown. The number of people with hypertension did not change. The absolute amount of body fat decreased by almost 5% and tolerance to the standard glucose load improved by 15%. The dynamics of other metabolic parameters were not revealed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Data about improvement of glycemia and body composition over a short period of using IF by individuals with IFG are new and deserve larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":" ","pages":"11786388221125181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c3/5e/10.1177_11786388221125181.PMC9510971.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40382027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}