Nutrition and Metabolic Insights最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Nutrition in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Celine I Partha Sarathi,&nbsp;Oliver D Mowforth,&nbsp;Amil Sinha,&nbsp;Faheem Bhatti,&nbsp;Aniqah Bhatti,&nbsp;Melika Akhbari,&nbsp;Shahzaib Ahmed,&nbsp;Benjamin M Davies","doi":"10.1177/11786388211054664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211054664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the commonest cause of adult spinal cord impairment worldwide, encompassing chronic compression of the spinal cord, neurological disability and diminished quality of life. Evidence on the contribution of environmental factors is sparse; in particular, the role of nutrition in DCM is unknown. The objective of this review was to assess the effect of nutrition on DCM susceptibility, severity and surgical outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review in MEDLINE and Embase was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Full-text papers in English papers, focussing on cervical myelopathy and nutrition, published before January 2020 were considered eligible. Quality assessments were performed using the GRADE assessment tool. Patient demographics, nutritional factor and DCM outcomes measures were recorded. Relationships between nutritional factors, interventions and disease prognosis were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 5835 papers were identified of which 44 were included in the final analysis. DCM patients with pathological weight pre-operatively were more likely to see poorer improvements post-surgically. These patients experienced poorer physical and mental health improvements from surgery compared to normal weight patients and were more likely to suffer from post-operative complications such as infection, DVT, PE and hospital readmissions. Two trials reporting benefits of nutritional supplements were identified, with 1 suggesting Cerebrolysin to be significant in functional improvement. An unbalanced diet, history of alcohol abuse and malnourishment were associated with poorer post-operative outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the overall strength of recommendation is low, current evidence suggests nutrition may have a significant role in optimising surgical outcome in DCM patients. Although it may have a role in onset and severity of DCM, this is a preliminary suggestion. Further work needs to be done on how nutrition is defined and measured, however, the beneficial results from studies with nutritional interventions suggest nutrition could be a treatment target in DCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211054664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39588297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAD⁺, Senolytics, or Pyruvate for Healthy Aging?","authors":"Fang-Qiang Zhou","doi":"10.1177/11786388211053407","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786388211053407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In last decades, healthy aging has become one of research hotspots in life science. It is well known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD⁺) level in cells decreases with aging and aging-related diseases. Several years ago, one of NAD⁺ precursors was first demonstrated with its new role in DNA damage repairing in mice, restoring old mice to their physical state at young ones. The finding encourages extensive studies in animal models and patients. NAD⁺ and its precursors have been popular products in nutrition markets. Alternatively, it was also evidenced that clearance of cellular senescence by senolytics preserved multiorgan (kidney and heart) function and extended healthy lifespan in mice. Subsequent studies confirmed findings in elderly patients subjected with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The senolytic therapy is now focused on various diseases in animal and clinical studies. However, pyruvate, as both a NAD⁺ substitute and a new senolytic, may be advantageous, on the equimolar basis, over current products above in preventing and treating diseases and aging. Pyruvate-enriched fluids, particularly pyruvate oral rehydration salt, may be a novel intervention for diseases and aging besides critical care. Albeit the direct evidence that benefits healthy aging is still limited to date, pyruvate, as both NAD⁺ provider and senolytic agent, warrants intensive research to compare NAD⁺ or senolytics for healthy aging, specifically on the equimolar basis, in effective blood levels. This review briefly discussed the recognition of healthy aging by comparing NAD⁺ and Senolytics with sodium pyruvate from the clinical point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211053407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/f5/10.1177_11786388211053407.PMC8552375.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39578510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Practices of Newborns in Bangladesh: Evidence From Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.","authors":"Md Saifullah Sakib,&nbsp;Abu Sayed Md Ripon Rouf,&nbsp;Tahmina Ferdous Tanny","doi":"10.1177/11786388211054677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211054677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Early initiation of breastfeeding is essential for newborns after birth to reduce mortality and morbidity. Early initiation of breastfeeding awareness/activities may be a vital role in Bangladesh to minimize the infant deaths. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017 to 2018 data was used that will be the first analysis for early initiation of breastfeeding practices in this data set in Bangladesh. Considering the importance of early breastfeeding practices, the dependent variable was divided into 3 categories (immediately: breastfeeding for less than 20 minutes, within an hour, and after 1 hour) to find a significant association with early breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh. Bivariate analysis is used to examine the differentials to early initiation of breastfeeding according to the selected number of background variables. Multinomial logistic regression is used to determine predictive independent factors associated with the dependent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using BDHS 2017 to 2018 data on 4950 observations, this study revealed that 24.6% of mothers breastfed their babies immediately after birth and 36.2% of mothers breastfed their babies within an hour. The rate of mothers who breastfeed their babies immediately after birth is lowest at the age of 20 to 25, mothers with a higher level of education, richer class, Khulna division, the first child born, Islam, and private/NGO. With a multivariate analysis of breastfeeding within an hour compared to immediate breastfeeding: richest (OR = 0.71), Barisal division (OR = 0.72), and Buddhism <math><mrow><mo>(</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>52</mn> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> are less likely to breastfeed newborns compared to the reference category. On the other hand, primary, secondary, and higher educated mothers are more likely to breastfeed newborns compared to no educated mothers. Besides, breastfeeding newborns after 1 hour compared to immediate after birth: mothers aged 20 to 25 (OR = 1.40), richer (OR = 1.46), higher secondary (OR = 2.06), Khulna division (OR = 1.81), and private/NGO (OR = 2.51) are more likely breastfeed newborn.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mother's education, wealth index, region, birth order, religion, and place of delivery have a significant impact on the early initiation of breastfeeding practices, but the rate of immediate breastfeeding is relatively lower than others. Ultimately, this information will help planners and other professionals plan strategies and interventions to provide good quality health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211054677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/ce/10.1177_11786388211054677.PMC8554558.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39578511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Recovery and Determinants of Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition Among 6 to 59 Months Children From the Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program in North Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A Prospective Follow-up Study","authors":"Amare Bekalu, Degemu Sahlu, A. Tadesse, Biachew Asmare, Yidersail Hune, B. Tilahun","doi":"10.1177/11786388221106984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388221106984","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community-based management of acute malnutrition is implementing in Ethiopia but there is scarce information in our study set up regarding the time to recovery and its predictors of severe acute malnutrition among 6 to 59 months children, so this study aimed to assess the time to recovery and its predictors for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition among 6 to 59 children managed at the outpatient therapeutic program in north Shewa zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A health post-based prospective follow-up study was conducted on 6 to 59 months children from November 20/2020 to February 20/2021. A total of 423 children had included in the study. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire had used. The median time to recovery had calculated using the Kaplan-Meier curve. Bi-variable and multi-variable Cox regression models with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were done. Finally, the variable that had a P-value < .05 in the multi-variable analysis was declared as the predictors of time to recovery. Proportional hazard assumption was checked graphically and using Schoenfeld residual test. Result: From the total 423 Children, 327 (77.3%) recovered. The median time to recovery was 42 (IQR 14) days. Children from food secure households; AHR = 9.6 with 95% CI (8.1-18.5), mild food insecure; AHR = 6.5 with 95% CI (3.1, 13.8), moderate food insecure; AHR = 2.5 with 95% CI (1.2-5.3). Mothers who traveled less than 2 hours walking distance to the health post; AHR = 2.6 with 95% CI (1.8-18.7). Children who received the correct dose of the RUTF AHR = 1.6 with 95% CI (1.1-2.3), children who measured their weight weekly AHR = 1.5 with 95% CI (1.1-2.0), and children treated by health extension worker who took the Nutrition-related training AHR = 2.1 with 95% CI (1.0-4.5) were predictors of time to recovery. Conclusion: The median time to recovery was within the acceptable range of the Ethiopian protocol for the management of uncomplicated SAM in the Outpatient setup. Household food security status, the distance between home and health posts, the correct dose of RUTF, weekly weight measurement per protocol, and HEWs nutrition-related training status were the significant predictors of time to recovery.","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural and Urban Correlates of Stunting Among Under-Five Children in Sierra Leone: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Quraish Sserwanja, Kassim Kamara, Linet M Mutisya, Milton W Musaba, Shirin Ziaei","doi":"10.1177/11786388211047056","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786388211047056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undernutrition accounts for at least 50% of the annual global under-five mortality burden. Although disparities in the childhood stunting between urban and rural areas in Sierra Leone have been documented, information on factors associated with these differences is lacking. We aimed to determine rural-urban correlates of stunting among children under the age of 5 in Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 2019 Sierra Leone demographic and health survey (SLDHS) focusing on under-five children. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to examine rural-urban factors associated with childhood stunting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of stunting was 31.6% (95% CI 29.8-33.2) in rural areas and 24.0% (95% CI 21.6-26.1) in urban areas. Within the rural areas, children of stunted mothers (aOR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.07-5.24, <i>P</i> < .05), younger mothers aged 15 to 19 years (aOR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.17-3.69, <i>P</i> < .05), uneducated mothers (aOR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.28-2.71, <i>P</i> < .01), as well as older children (24-59 months) (aOR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.48-2.27, <i>P</i> < .001), and boys (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.12-1.66, <i>P</i> < .01) were more likely to be stunted compared to those of non-stunted, older, post-primary education mothers and those who were less than 24 months and girls respectively. While urban children whose fathers had lower education (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.10-3.42, <i>P</i> < .05), whose mothers were more parous (para 2-4) (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.03-2.95, <i>P</i> < .05), and boys (aOR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.06-2.08, <i>P</i> < .05) were more likely to be stunted compared to their counterparts with fathers that had tertiary education, mothers of low parity and girls, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stunting is more prevalent in the rural areas compared to the urban areas. Sex of the child was the only significant factor in both rural and urban areas. Our study findings suggest that programs designed to reduce stunting should aim for integrated yet context specific interventions in rural and urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211047056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/a0/10.1177_11786388211047056.PMC8488416.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39515945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Knowledge is Associated With the Consumption of Iron Rich Foods: A Survey Among Pregnant Women From a Rural District in Northern Ghana.","authors":"Nhyira Yaw Adjei-Banuah,&nbsp;Victor Abugah Aduah,&nbsp;Shamsu-Deen Ziblim,&nbsp;Martin Amogre Ayanore,&nbsp;Anthony Amalba,&nbsp;Victor Mogre","doi":"10.1177/11786388211039427","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786388211039427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Iron deficiency anaemia is an international public health concern and pregnant women are at an increased risk. We investigated the consumption of iron rich foods and associated factors among pregnant women in a rural district from Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a cross-sectional design, dietary intake of iron rich foods was obtained from 252 pregnant women using a 24-hour recall food check list. Nutrition knowledge, attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Participants had a mean (SD) knowledge score of 54.66 (22.74)%. About 73% of the participants had heard about iron-deficiency anaemia. Only 16.3% of the participants knew foods that help the body to absorb and use iron while 9.1% knew beverages that decrease iron absorption. About 71% of the participants ate fish and/or seafood while 67.1% of them ate green leafy vegetables. Only 4.4% of the participants ate organ meat, and 29% took flesh meat. Only 22.4% of the study participants usually drank coffee or tea while 78.2% ate vitamin C-rich foods. With regards to attitudes, 88.5% of the participants perceived anaemia to be a serious disease. Nutrition knowledge was significantly associated with the consumption of iron rich foods (β = .02; 95% CI = 0.01-0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrition knowledge may be an important determinant of the consumption of iron rich foods among pregnant women making it necessary for healthcare providers to continue to provide nutrition education to pregnant women during routine antenatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211039427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/7a/10.1177_11786388211039427.PMC8411617.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39387587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study.","authors":"Yordanos Mengistu,&nbsp;Gobena Dedefo,&nbsp;Mesay Arkew,&nbsp;Gebeyehu Asefa,&nbsp;Gutema Jebessa,&nbsp;Abay Atnafu,&nbsp;Zerihun Ataro,&nbsp;Samuel Kinde","doi":"10.1177/11786388211035220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211035220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat's effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>(Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects.</p><p><strong>Recommendation: </strong>Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211035220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11786388211035220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39299271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrot Juice Consumption Reduces High Fructose-Induced Adiposity in Rats and Body Weight and BMI in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.","authors":"Malleswarapu Mahesh,&nbsp;Himanshi Pandey,&nbsp;Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy,&nbsp;Prashanti Prabhakaran Sobhana,&nbsp;Damayanti Korrapati,&nbsp;Putcha Uday Kumar,&nbsp;Ayyalasomayajula Vajreswari,&nbsp;Shanmugam Murugaiha Jeyakumar","doi":"10.1177/11786388211014917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211014917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional intervention is a key strategy in the control and management of non-communicable diseases. Here, initially, we evaluated the effects of carrot juice (CJ) on some of the physical and biochemical parameters in rats fed with high-fructose diet, then in type 2 diabetic subjects. For the animal study, weanling male Wistar rats were given control (n = 6) or high fructose (HFr; n = 24) diet for 8 weeks. Then, the HFr group rats were subdivided into 4 groups (n = 6 in each) and continued either on HFr diet or shifted to control diet, with or without CJ (0.3 mg β-carotene) ingestion orally for 8 weeks. At the end, the ingestion of CJ reversed the HFr-induced adiposity (23 ± 1.6 vs 18 ± 1.1, <i>P</i> = .038), hypertriglyceridemia (182 ± 18.2 vs 90 ± 10.5 mg/dL, <i>P</i><0.001), and hyperinsulinemia (81 ± 14.7 vs 40 ± 7.5 µU/mL, <i>P</i> = .014), while increased the retinol levels in liver (240 ± 38.4 vs 492 ± 61.2 µg/g, <i>P</i> = .002) and adipose tissue (1.8 ± 0.09 vs 2.5 ± 0.18 µg/g, <i>P</i> = .026). On the other hand, in the diabetic subjects (7 males and females each, n = 14) compared to their baseline, the daily consumption of 50 mL CJ (~2400 µg β-carotene) for 6 weeks significantly reduced the body weight (69.4 ± 4.13 vs 69.0 ± 4.09 kg, <i>P</i> = .014), BMI (27.4 ± 1.07 vs 27.2 ± 1.06 kg/m², <i>P</i> = .007), and fat% (33.4 ± 1.87 vs 31.9 ± 2.13, <i>P</i> = .029) with an increase in plasma β-carotene levels (0.21 ± 0.045 vs 0.45 ± 0.089 µmol/L, <i>P</i> = .044). Although CJ increased the glucose (145 ± 10.4 vs 165 ± 11.4 mg/dL, <i>P</i> = .039), insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels remained unaltered. In conclusion, the consumption of carrot juice reversed the HFr-induced metabolic abnormalities in a rat model and decreased body weight and BMI of diabetic subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211014917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11786388211014917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39276464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Exposure is Necessary for the Lifespan Extension Effects of Cocoa in <i>C. elegans</i>.","authors":"Mihiri Munasinghe,&nbsp;Abdullah Almotayri,&nbsp;Jency Thomas,&nbsp;Deniz Heydarian,&nbsp;Markandeya Jois","doi":"10.1177/11786388211029443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211029443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously showed that cocoa, a rich source of polyphenols improved the age-associated health and extended the lifespan in <i>C. elegans</i> when supplemented starting from L1 stage.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this study, we aimed to find out the effects of timing of cocoa exposure on longevity improving effects and the mechanisms and pathways involved in lifespan extension in <i>C. elegans</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The standard <i>E. coli</i> OP50 diet of wild type <i>C. elegans</i> was supplemented with cocoa powder starting from different larval stages (L1, L2, L3, and L4) till the death, from L1 to adult day 1 and from adult day 1 till the death. For mechanistic studies, different mutant strains of <i>C. elegans</i> were supplemented with cocoa starting from L1 stage till the death. Survival curves were plotted, and mean lifespan was reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cocoa exposure starting from L1 stage till the death and till adult day 1 significantly extended the lifespan of worms. However, cocoa supplementation at other larval stages as well as at adulthood could not extend the lifespan, instead the lifespan was significantly reduced. Cocoa could not extend the lifespan of <i>daf-16, daf-2, sir-2.1</i>, and <i>clk-1</i> mutants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early-start supplementation is essential for cocoa-mediated lifespan extension which is dependent on insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and mitochondrial respiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211029443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11786388211029443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39206658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function among the Elderly in the Health and Social Centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem City (Morocco).","authors":"Abdeljalil Talhaoui,&nbsp;Youssef Aboussaleh,&nbsp;Ahmed Ahami,&nbsp;Rachid Sbaibi,&nbsp;Naima Agoutim,&nbsp;Fatima Zohra Rouim,&nbsp;Khadija Karjouh","doi":"10.1177/11786388211026758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211026758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the link between the physical activity (PA) and cognitive function among the elderly in the health and social centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem city (Morocco).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted among 172 elderly (56.4% men) aged above 60 years (67.53 ± 7.53) in the health and social centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem city (Morocco). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Normal: MMSE's score >24 and cognitive impairment (CI): MMSE's score ⩽ 24). The physical activity (PA) was evaluated using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), ranking the elderly by high, moderate, and limited level of PA. The binary logistic regression was performed by the cognitive function (dependent variable), and PA level (independent variable).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The elderly people with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24 tend to practice less walking and cycling activities <b>(</b> <i>P</i> <i>=</i> <i>.005</i>). However no difference was found between normal and cognitively impaired subjects for all other subtypes of PA (<i>P</i> > .05). The binary logistic regression adjusted for gender, education, profession, pension, depression, and nutritional status reveled that only the moderate level of PA was a protective factor against cognitive impairment compared to limited level (ORa = 0.136, 95% CI: 0.04-0.41) (ORa: Adjusted Odd Ratio; 95% CI: 95% of Confidence Interval).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our finding demonstrates that moderate PA specially walking or cycling is associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment. This indicates that a regular practice of walking or cycling as PA can play an important role for cognitive impairment prevention. And the necessity for further researches to more understands this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"11786388211026758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11786388211026758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39196712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}