Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"CMS RPC background studies in LHC Run 2 and Run 3","authors":"L. Favilla ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E.M. Da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca De Souza ,&nbsp;R. Gomes De Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;A. Aleksandrov ,&nbsp;R. Hadjiiska ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose experiment to explore the physics of the TeV scale in proton–proton collisions provided by the CERN LHC. Muons constitute an important signature of new physics and their detection, triggering, reconstruction and identification is guaranteed by various sub-detectors using different detection systems. During Run 2 and Run 3, the higher instantaneous luminosity leads to a substantial background in the muon system. The analysis is based on data collected in pp collisions at 13.6<!--> <!-->TeV (Run 2) and 13.6<!--> <!-->TeV (Run 3) in 2018 and 2023–2024, respectively, with instantaneous luminosities up to 2.2 × 10³⁴ <!-->cm^-2 <!-->s^-1. A thorough understanding of background rates provides the base for the upgrade of the muon detectors for the High-Luminosity LHC, where the instantaneous luminosity will reach 5–7.5 × 10³⁴ <!-->cm^-2 <!-->s^-1, resulting in 140–200 simultaneous proton–proton collisions, i.e. collisions occurring within one single bunch time window.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readout electronics system for MUSIC detectors in HFRS at HIAF","authors":"Hao Quan ,&nbsp;Shun Liao ,&nbsp;Haibo Yang ,&nbsp;Shuwen Tang ,&nbsp;Weidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bianbian Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Xia ,&nbsp;Xueheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuhong Yu ,&nbsp;Chengxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is currently under construction in China. As a key component of HIAF, the High Energy Fragment Separator (HFRS) is designed to investigate the properties of rare isotopes far from the beta stability line and their associated nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest. HFRS employs the B<span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span>-TOF-<span><math><mo>△</mo></math></span>E method, which enables high magnetic rigidity, large ion-optical acceptance, and precise particle identification, making it well-suited for nuclear fragmentation secondary beam experiments. A crucial element in particle identification within HFRS is the energy loss detector (<span><math><mo>△</mo></math></span>E), which is implemented using the twins Multiple Sampling Ionization Chamber (twins-MUSIC). This design significantly enhances the energy resolution of the gas ionization chamber through multiple sampling. Each twins-MUSIC detector consists of nine channels, including eight anode channels and one cathode channel for correction. The corresponding readout electronics system comprises nine charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) modules, a readout control module (RCM), and a sub-clock module. The measured data are transmitted to the data acquisition (DAQ) system via a 10 GSPS optical fiber link. The readout electronics system has been fabricated and subjected to comprehensive electrical performance evaluations, including baseline stability, channel linearity, and temperature response tests. Furthermore, joint testing with a radioactive source and the twins-MUSIC detector demonstrated an energy resolution better than 1.04%, confirming the system’s high performance in energy loss measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation studies on compensation for incoherent magnet error driven half-integer and 3rd-order resonances with space charge in HIAF-BRing","authors":"C. Guo,&nbsp;J. Liu,&nbsp;J.C. Yang,&nbsp;R.H. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnet error driven resonances under space-charge-induced resonance crossing represents a significant limitation on beam intensity in low-injection-energy high-intensity synchrotrons. Unstable particle motion arises from the combined effects of space-charge-induced tune spread and magnetic field imperfections, which limits the intensity. This paper introduces a space-charge-Twiss modification to the Resonance Driving Terms (RDTs). The new RDTs are named modified RDTs. Modified RDTs aim to describe the nonlinear behavior under incoherent error driven resonances induced by the combined effect of space charge and magnetic field imperfections. The feasibility of the compensation scheme with modified RDTs is demonstrated through coasting-beam simulations under space charge in the presence of errors leading to the excitation of half-integer and 3rd-order resonances, using the lattice of the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility Booster Ring (HIAF-BRing). The simulations demonstrate that the compensation through minimizing modified RDTs significantly suppresses the emittance growth and the unstable particle motion. Besides, the effect of compensation scheme with modified RDTs against periodic resonance crossing is evaluated in bunched-beam simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the delivered spill structure of medical proton and carbon-ion beams at MedAustron using a high frequency silicon carbide readout","authors":"Matthias Knopf ,&nbsp;Andreas Gsponer ,&nbsp;Matthias Kausel ,&nbsp;Simon Waid ,&nbsp;Sebastian Onder ,&nbsp;Stefan Gundacker ,&nbsp;Daniel Radmanovac ,&nbsp;Giulio Magrin ,&nbsp;Thomas Bergauer ,&nbsp;Albert Hirtl","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medical synchrotrons are often used for testing instrumentation in high-energy physics or non-clinical research in medical physics. In many applications of medical synchrotrons, such as microdosimetry and ion imaging, precise knowledge of the spill structure and instantaneous particle rate is crucial. Conventional ionization chambers, while omnipresent in clinical settings, suffer from limitations in charge resolution and integration time, making single-particle detection at high dose rates unfeasible. To address these limitations, we present a beam detection setup based on a silicon carbide (SiC) sensor and a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), capable of detecting single particles with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) pulse duration of 500<!--> <!-->ps. At the MedAustron ion therapy center, we characterized the spill structure of proton and carbon-ion beams delivered to the irradiation room beyond the timescale of the maximum ion revolution frequency in the synchrotron. The resulting data offer valuable insights into the beam intensity at small time scales and demonstrate the capabilities of SiC-based systems for high-flux beam monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-assisted object condensation clustering for calorimeter shower reconstruction at CLAS12","authors":"Gregory Matousek ,&nbsp;Anselm Vossen","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several nuclear physics studies using the CLAS12 detector rely on the accurate reconstruction of neutrons and photons from its forward angle calorimeter system. These studies often place restrictive cuts when measuring neutral particles due to an overabundance of false clusters created by the existing calorimeter reconstruction software. In this work, we present a new AI approach to clustering CLAS12 calorimeter hits based on the object condensation framework. The model learns a latent representation of the full detector topology using GravNet layers, serving as the positional encoding for an event’s calorimeter hits which are processed by a Transformer encoder. This unique structure allows the model to contextualize local and long range information, improving its performance. Evaluated on one million simulated <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> collision events, our method significantly improves cluster trustworthiness: the fraction of reliable neutron clusters, increasing from 8.88% to 30.73%, and photon clusters, increasing from 51.07% to 64.73%. Our study also marks the first application of AI clustering techniques for hodoscopic detectors, showing potential for usage in many other experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of consistency and temperature compensation in SiPM-coupled GAGG scintillator linear arrays","authors":"Bao Wang ,&nbsp;Haitao Wang ,&nbsp;Dongyang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiongjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Longyang Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiangni Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Mingyu Li ,&nbsp;Jinhui Qu ,&nbsp;Jie Cao ,&nbsp;Renbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have been widely employed in radiation detection due to their compact size and excellent photon detection efficiency. However, inconsistencies such as gain variation, dark count rate differences, and bias voltage non-uniformity among multiple SiPM channels remain significant challenges in practical applications. In this study, Onsemi MicroFC-30035 SiPMs, each with an active area of 3 × 3 mm², were employed. Two types of cerium-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG) scintillators fabricated by distinct methods—Czochralski crystal growth and ceramic sintering—were coupled to form linear arrays. By precisely tuning the bias voltage of each SiPM pixel via a low-dropout regulator (LDO) module, gain non-uniformity in linear array A was reduced from 7.06 % to 0.42 %, significantly enhancing the energy spectrum uniformity. Temperature correction models were established based on polynomial regression of energy spectra over the range of 0 °C–40 °C, reducing the peak position variation from 20.96 % to 2.03 % for linear array A, and from 29.28 % to 1.08 % for linear array B, thereby effectively mitigating temperature-induced spectral drift. This study reveals the critical impact of scintillator fabrication methods on temperature stability and demonstrates a practical calibration approach combining fine-grained bias adjustment and temperature compensation. The findings provide valuable references for improving performance and stability in SiPM-based gamma-ray imaging systems, with potential applications in nuclear medicine, industrial non-destructive testing, and security inspection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The HYDRA pion-tracker for hypernuclei studies at R3B","authors":"Lian-Cheng Ji ,&nbsp;Uwe Bonnes ,&nbsp;Mikołaj Ćwiok ,&nbsp;Meytal Duer ,&nbsp;Alexandru Enciu ,&nbsp;Piotr Gasik ,&nbsp;Joerg Hehner ,&nbsp;Alexandre Obertelli ,&nbsp;Shinsuke Ota ,&nbsp;Valerii Panin ,&nbsp;Jérôme Pibernat ,&nbsp;Dominic Rossi ,&nbsp;Haik Simon ,&nbsp;Yelei Sun ,&nbsp;Simone Velardita ,&nbsp;Frank Wienholtz ,&nbsp;Marcin Zaremba","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The HYpernuclei-Decay at R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>B Apparatus (HYDRA) tracker is a novel time projection chamber combined with a plastic scintillator wall for timing and trigger purposes at the Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams (R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>B) facility of GSI-FAIR. This detector is a low radiation length tracker dedicated to measuring pions from the weak decay of light hypernuclei produced from ion-ion collisions at few GeV/nucleon in the magnetic field of the large-acceptance dipole magnet GLAD at R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>B. In this paper, we describe the design of the detector and provide the results of its first characterizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of irradiated hybrid planar pixels modules at fluences expected at HL-LHC","authors":"M. Bomben","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Signal loss is the main limitation on tracking/vertexing performance due to radiation damage effect to hybrid pixel detectors when irradiated at fluences expected at High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). It is important to have reliable predictions on the charge collection performance after irradiation in order to predict operational voltage values and test tracking algorithms robustness. In this paper the validation of combined TCAD and Monte Carlo simulations of hybrid silicon planar pixels sensors will be presented. In particular different trapping models will be compared to identify the one giving the best predictions. Eventually predictions on the collected charge performance of planar pixels modules at HL-LHC will be discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge calibration of MALTA2, a radiation hard depleted monolithic active pixel sensor","authors":"Lucian Fasselt ,&nbsp;Ignacio Asensi Tortajada ,&nbsp;Prafulla Behera ,&nbsp;Dumitru Vlad Berlea ,&nbsp;Daniela Bortoletto ,&nbsp;Craig Buttar ,&nbsp;Valerio Dao ,&nbsp;Ganapati Dash ,&nbsp;Leyre Flores Sanz de Acedo ,&nbsp;Martin Gazi ,&nbsp;Laura Gonella ,&nbsp;Vicente González ,&nbsp;Sebastian Haberl ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Inada ,&nbsp;Pranati Jana ,&nbsp;Long Li ,&nbsp;Heinz Pernegger ,&nbsp;Petra Riedler ,&nbsp;Walter Snoeys ,&nbsp;Carlos Solans Sánchez ,&nbsp;Steven Worm","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MALTA2 is a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor (DMAPS) designed for tracking at high rates and typically low detection threshold of <span><math><mrow><mn>200</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Threshold calibration is crucial to understanding the charge collection in the pixel. A simple procedure is developed to calibrate the threshold to unit electrons making use of a dedicated charge injection circuit and an Fe-55 source with dominant charge deposition of <span><math><mrow><mn>1611</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The injection voltage corresponding to the signal under exposure of Fe-55 is determined and serves as the basis for charge calibration. The charge injection circuit incorporates a capacitance with design value of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>inj</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>230</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>a</mi><mi>F</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span>. Experimentally, the average capacitance value for non-irradiated samples is found to be <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>inj,exp</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>255</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>35</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>a</mi><mi>F</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span> and varies between sensors by 14% in terms of standard deviation. The deviation from the design value as well as among sensors motivates the need for the presented calibration procedure, which is proposed to be performed for each MALTA2 sensor and reduces the uncertainty down to 3% depending on the sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170972"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fast Stochastic Matching Pursuit for neutrino and dark matter experiments","authors":"Yuyi Wang ,&nbsp;Aiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiyang Wu ,&nbsp;Benda Xu ,&nbsp;Xuewei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiajie Chen ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Shaomin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely deployed at neutrino and dark matter experiments for photon counting. When multiple photons hit a PMT consecutively, their photo-electron (PE) pulses pile up to hinder the precise measurements of the count and timings. We introduce Fast Stochastic Matching Pursuit (FSMP) to analyze the PMT signal waveforms into individual PEs with the strategy of reversible-jump Markov-chain Monte Carlo. We demonstrate that FSMP improves the energy and time resolution of PMT-based experiments and gains acceleration on GPUs. It is suitable for dynode PMTs, and is extensible to microchannel-plate (MCP) PMTs. In the condition of our laboratory characterization of 8-inch MCP-PMTs, FSMP improves the energy resolution by up to 10<!--> <!-->% from the conventional method of waveform integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}