Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Beam dynamics design of a proton/heavy-ion injector for the synchrotron of the XiPAF upgrading project","authors":"C.B. Yue ,&nbsp;P.F. Ma ,&nbsp;B.C. Wang ,&nbsp;W.L. Liu ,&nbsp;Q.Z. Xing ,&nbsp;X.D. Yu ,&nbsp;S. Wang ,&nbsp;X.Y. Liu ,&nbsp;S.X. Zheng ,&nbsp;C.T. Du ,&nbsp;M.T. Zhao ,&nbsp;M.W. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.H. Yan ,&nbsp;W. Lv ,&nbsp;Z.M. Wang ,&nbsp;X.L. Guan ,&nbsp;X.W. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the multi-turn injection process of proton and heavy-ion synchrotrons, reducing the transverse emittance of the injected beam enhances injection gain, thereby increasing the number of particles stored in the synchrotron. An injector with low emittance growth is advantageous for achieving a low-transverse-emittance beam at the injection point. This paper presents the results of the beam dynamics design for a low-transverse-emittance injector intended for a proton/heavy-ion synchrotron of the Xi'an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) upgrading project. The injector comprises two dedicated injection lines that accelerate and transport the protons and heavy-ions, along with a shared line to direct the beams into the synchrotron. While the proton injection line is developed from upgrading of the existing H⁻ beam line, the heavy-ion injection line is newly constructed. A heavy-ion IH-DTL featuring negative phase acceleration and FODO focusing has been adopted. Its acceleration phase and acceleration voltage have been optimized to suppress the emittance growth. The beam dynamics of the linac-to-ring beam transport line (LRBT) has been optimized, employing three sets of beam scrapers to further reduce emittance. Simulations using the TraceWin code demonstrate that the normalized transverse emittances (99 % particles) at the injection point are ensured to be less than 1.2 π mm·mrad for the proton beam and 1.05 π mm·mrad for the heavy ion beams. A comprehensive error analysis, accounting for errors from the input beams, solenoids, quadrupoles, debunchers, RF fields inside the cavities, and machining, is conducted through the start-to-end simulations. With corrections to the quadrupoles, scrapers, and steering magnets, the results indicate a 95 % probability of achieving the required mismatch factor, and a certainty of 100 % that the required beam current, momentum spread, and normalized transverse emittance at the injection point can be attained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats","authors":"Jakub Řípa ,&nbsp;Marianna Dafčíková ,&nbsp;Pavel Kosík ,&nbsp;Filip Münz ,&nbsp;Masanori Ohno ,&nbsp;Gábor Galgóczi ,&nbsp;Norbert Werner ,&nbsp;András Pál ,&nbsp;László Mészáros ,&nbsp;Balázs Csák ,&nbsp;Yasushi Fukazawa ,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Takahashi ,&nbsp;Tsunefumi Mizuno ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Hirokazu Odaka ,&nbsp;Yuto Ichinohe ,&nbsp;Jakub Kapuš ,&nbsp;Jan Hudec ,&nbsp;Marcel Frajt ,&nbsp;Maksim Rezenov ,&nbsp;Che-Chih Tsao","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are prone to radiation damage which causes an increase of dark count rate. This leads to an increase in low-energy threshold in a gamma-ray detector combining SiPM and a scintillator. Despite this drawback, they are becoming preferred for scintillator-based gamma-ray detectors on CubeSats due to their low operation voltage, small size, linear response to low light intensity and fast response. This increasing popularity of SiPMs among new spaceborne missions makes it important to characterize their long-term performance in the space environment. In this work, we report the change of the dark count rate and low-energy threshold of S13360-3050 PE multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) by Hamamatsu, using measurements acquired by the GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats at low Earth orbit (LEO) spanning over three years. Such a long measurement of the performance of MPPCs in space has not been published before. GRBAlpha is a 1U CubeSat launched on March 22, 2021, to a 550 km altitude sun-synchronous polar orbit (SSO) carrying on board a gamma-ray detector based on CsI(Tl) scintillator readout by eight MPPCs and regularly detecting gamma-ray transients such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares in the energy range of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>30</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>900</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->keV. VZLUSAT-2 is a 3U CubeSat launched on January 13, 2022 also to a 535 km altitude SSO carrying on board, among other payloads, two gamma-ray detectors similar to the one on GRBAlpha. We have flight-proven the Hamamatsu MPPCs S13360-3050 PE and demonstrated that MPPCs, shielded by 2.5 mm of PbSb alloy, can be used in LEO environment on a scientific mission lasting beyond three years. This manifests the potential of MPPCs being employed in future satellites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMS RPC non-physics event data automation ideology","authors":"A. Dimitrov ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E.M. Da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca De Souza ,&nbsp;R. Gomes De Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;A. Aleksandrov ,&nbsp;R. Hadjiiska ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a streamlined framework for real-time processing and analysis of condition data from the CMS experiment Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). Leveraging data streaming, it uncovers correlations between RPC performance metrics, like currents and rates, and LHC luminosity or environmental conditions. The Java-based framework automates data handling and predictive modeling, integrating extensive datasets into synchronized, query-optimized tables. By segmenting LHC operations and analyzing larger virtual detector objects, the automation enhances monitoring precision, accelerates visualization, and provides predictive insights, revolutionizing RPC performance evaluation and future behavior modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of the FastIC front-end electronics into the Picosec MicroMegas detector","authors":"L. Scharenberg ,&nbsp;J. Alozy ,&nbsp;Y. Angelis ,&nbsp;S. Aune ,&nbsp;R. Ballabriga ,&nbsp;J. Bortfeldt ,&nbsp;F. Brunbauer ,&nbsp;M. Brunoldi ,&nbsp;M. Campbell ,&nbsp;J. Datta ,&nbsp;R. De Oliveira ,&nbsp;K. Dehmelt ,&nbsp;G. Fanourakis ,&nbsp;J.M. Fernandez-Tenllado ,&nbsp;K.J. Flöthner ,&nbsp;D. Fiorina ,&nbsp;M. Gallinaro ,&nbsp;F. Garcia ,&nbsp;D. Gascon ,&nbsp;I. Giomataris ,&nbsp;Y. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Picosec MicroMegas collaboration aims to develop gaseous fast-timing detectors; experimentally, intrinsic time resolutions from around <span><math><mrow><mtext>50</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>ps</mtext></mrow></math></span> to better than <span><math><mrow><mtext>20</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>ps</mtext></mrow></math></span> are obtained, depending on the exact detector configuration. Parts of developments focus on exploring various options of fast-timing multi-channel front-end electronics, to meet the data processing demands of experimental applications. One option is the FastIC, which was developed for reading out positive and negative input polarity sensors with intrinsic amplification. In this paper, the first results from reading out the gaseous Picosec MicroMegas detector with the FastIC are presented. In laboratory studies, a basic description of the data processing chain was performed using a function generator. The results from test beam measurements are used to characterise the timing performance and the charge processing of the combination of FastIC and Picosec MicroMegas, as well as to demonstrate the possibility of a multi-channel detector readout. Although the timing-at-threshold level of the FastIC introduces a time walk of around <span><math><mrow><mtext>1.5</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>ns</mtext></mrow></math></span>, time resolutions of around <span><math><mrow><mtext>50</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>ps</mtext></mrow></math></span> have been achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the longitudinal tomography on phase space reconstruction in rapid cycling synchrotrons","authors":"M.T. Li ,&nbsp;Y.S. Yuan ,&nbsp;H.Y. Liu ,&nbsp;L.S. Huang ,&nbsp;Y.W. An ,&nbsp;S.Y. Xu ,&nbsp;M.Y. Huang ,&nbsp;S. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acquisition of the beam data from experimental measurements plays a crucial role on the optimization of the routine operation of synchrotrons, especially for high-intensity hadron machines. In this paper, we present the adoption of the tomography algorithm to reconstruct the dynamic behavior of the longitudinal beam from the beam profile measured via the wall current monitor in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS RCS). With the proposed assumption of the “one-macro-particle-each-cell”, we have shown that the longitudinal phase space information of the bunch evolution during the ramping period in the CSNS RCS can be reconstructed with sufficient efficiency and accuracy. The presented tomography algorithm has been successfully used in the CSNS RCS and also can be used for the upgrade project of the CSNS in the presence of dual rf harmonic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and development of a nondestructive detector applied to a proton therapy facility","authors":"Aote Chen ,&nbsp;Qushan Chen ,&nbsp;Hongming Xie ,&nbsp;Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Ze Du ,&nbsp;Bin Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nondestructive ion-collection ionization profile monitor (IPM) with optical-signal acquisition has been developed for a proton therapy facility. This kind of nondestructive detector can make the real time profile measurements at nA-level beam intensity possible and efficient. For the beam parameters of a proton therapy facility, this paper describes some IPM design considerations, including signal yield estimation, space charge effects, and initial momentum evaluation. An optimized electrode potential configuration was proposed to adjust the focusing ability of the IPM guiding field to reduce the trajectory deviation of the signal ions and enhance measurement accuracy. The IPM has been tested in a low-energy proton beamline, which can be tuned to an equivalent working condition of a proton therapy facility. The experimental results are presented and show the potential to be used as a nondestructive detector in a proton therapy facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtron experimental facility at Tomsk Polytechnic University","authors":"A. Vukolov ,&nbsp;S. Uglov ,&nbsp;A. Gogolev ,&nbsp;A. Potylitsyn ,&nbsp;G. Naumenko ,&nbsp;D. Shkitov ,&nbsp;Yu Cherepennikov ,&nbsp;M. Shevelev","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charged particle accelerators are powerful instruments widely used in both fundamental research and applied applications. Compact accelerators, in particular, are increasingly employed for pretesting and proof-of-principle experiments for large-scale facilities, as well as for various applied purposes. Small accelerators, which produce electron beams with energies on the order of a few MeV, are used for testing beam diagnostics techniques, conducting radiation exposure experiments, and other applications. This work presents a technical report on the microtron at Tomsk Polytechnic University, following its relocation to a new facility and the establishment of dedicated beamlines and experimental stations. Additionally, we provide an overview of the scope and current status of ongoing experimental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance characterization of 5×5×12 mm3 virtual Frisch-grid TlBr detectors","authors":"A. Bolotnikov ,&nbsp;C.A. Brown ,&nbsp;G.A. Carini ,&nbsp;J.F. Christian ,&nbsp;L. Cirignano ,&nbsp;C.R. Deane ,&nbsp;A. Dellapenna ,&nbsp;J. Fried ,&nbsp;S. Herrmann ,&nbsp;A. Kargar ,&nbsp;H. Kim ,&nbsp;M.R. Koslowsky ,&nbsp;P. Maj ,&nbsp;S.V. Manthena ,&nbsp;A.L. Miller ,&nbsp;S. Miryala ,&nbsp;E.M. Muller ,&nbsp;A.M. Norris ,&nbsp;Y. Ogorodnik ,&nbsp;G. Pinaroli ,&nbsp;K.S. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thallium bromide (TlBr) is a promising material for semiconductor gamma-ray detectors due to its high atomic number (Tl = 81, Br = 35), high density (7.56 g/cm³), and relatively low melting point (460 °C). These properties give TlBr several competitive features, including high detection efficiency, good energy resolution, and lower fabrication costs, making it suitable for applications requiring compact, highly sensitive gamma-ray detection systems.</div><div>Recent developments of TlBr detectors have progressed toward thicker crystals, up to 10–20 mm, configured as pixelated or virtual Frisch-grid (VFG) devices with volumes &gt;1 cm³. Despite these advances, challenges remain in practical implementation, including material and fabrication issues that affect energy resolution, device stability, performance, and longevity. These challenges are similar to those faced by HgI₂ and lead-halide perovskite detectors.</div><div>This study presents results from characterizing over 100 position-sensitive 5×5×12 mm³ virtual Frisch-grid detectors fabricated by Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc. For a prototype Radioisotope Identification Device (RIID). The work identified factors limiting the performance and longevity of TlBr detectors, including stochastic response variations that limit the energy resolution to 2–3 % (at 662 keV) for most devices, performance degradation associated with defect decoration, and contact delamination. Addressing these issues advances the use of TlBr and similar materials for reliable, high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a setup for precision measurement of the time parameters of thin-walled straw tubes for the COMET experiment","authors":"Vladimir Kalinnikov ,&nbsp;Elena Velicheva ,&nbsp;Satoshi Mihara ,&nbsp;Basar Sabirov ,&nbsp;Nikolozi Tsverava","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COMET (Coherent Muon to Electron Transition) is an experiment designed to search for the process of the neutrinoless, coherent transition of a muon to an electron in an aluminum atom, which will be implemented using the proton beam of the J-PARC accelerator complex, Japan. One of the main detectors of the COMET experiment is a straw tracker made of thin-walled drift tubes. A straw tube is a single-channel gas drift tube, the time parameters of which will determine the accuracy of measuring the momentum of a 105 MeV electron in the experiment. To study the time characteristics of thin-walled (12 μm) aluminized straw tubes with a diameter of 5 mm, a precision measurement system was developed and measurements of the time resolution, drift velocity, nonlinearity of the parameters over the cross-section were performed, the R-T dependence for the Ar/CO₂ (60/40) pre-mixed gas mixture was obtained. This setup also allows studying the time parameters for other gas mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and qualification of the optical fiber system for the CMS RPC Link System","authors":"A. Cabrera ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E. Melo da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;B.C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca de Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;R. Gomes de Souza ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;A. Aleksandrov ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new off-chamber electronics system, called the Link System, for the CMS RPC chambers will be installed during LHC Long Shutdown 3. The new Link System will improve the time resolution to 1.56 ns compared to the current value of 25 ns. The Link System requires a new infrastructure of low attenuation loss, fiber optic cables to achieve a high-speed data transmission rate of 10 Gbps. The Link System includes one redundant channel for data transmission on the Master Link Boards and two redundant channels for data transmission and reception on the Control Boards. The optical fiber system has been optimized to determine the number of cables, the number and location of patch panels, and the power budget required to support different connectors, transmission distances, and fiber types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}