Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"The MUSE beamline calorimeter","authors":"W. Lin ,&nbsp;T. Rostomyan ,&nbsp;R. Gilman ,&nbsp;S. Strauch ,&nbsp;C. Meier ,&nbsp;C. Nestler ,&nbsp;M. Ali ,&nbsp;H. Atac ,&nbsp;J.C. Bernauer ,&nbsp;W.J. Briscoe ,&nbsp;A. Christopher Ndukwe ,&nbsp;E.W. Cline ,&nbsp;K. Deiters ,&nbsp;S. Dogra ,&nbsp;E.J. Downie ,&nbsp;Z. Duan ,&nbsp;I.P. Fernando ,&nbsp;A. Flannery ,&nbsp;D. Ghosal ,&nbsp;A. Golossanov ,&nbsp;D.A. Yaari","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The MUon Scattering Experiment (MUSE) was motivated by the proton radius puzzle arising from the discrepancy between muonic hydrogen spectroscopy and electron–proton measurements. The MUSE physics goals also include testing lepton universality, precisely measuring two-photon exchange contribution, and testing radiative corrections. MUSE addresses these physics goals through simultaneous measurement of high precision cross sections for electron–proton and muon–proton scattering using a mixed-species beam. The experiment will run at both positive and negative beam polarities. Measuring precise cross sections requires understanding both the incident beam energy and the radiative corrections. For this purpose, a lead-glass calorimeter was installed at the end of the beam line in the MUSE detector system. In this article we discuss the detector specifications, calibration and performance. We demonstrate that the detector performance is well reproduced by simulation, and meets experimental requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"30 ps time resolution with 50 μm thick silicon Low Gain Avalanche Detectors fabricated by Micron Semiconductor Ltd","authors":"R. Moriya ,&nbsp;R. Bates ,&nbsp;M. Bullough ,&nbsp;N. Cooke ,&nbsp;A. Docheva ,&nbsp;L. Lombigit ,&nbsp;D. Maneuski ,&nbsp;R. McFeely ,&nbsp;N. Moffat ,&nbsp;M. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon sensors with an implanted p-doped multiplication layer that is designed to provide a gain between five and twenty. Most importantly, LGADs can be specifically engineered to provide excellent temporal resolution. To achieve the goal of producing a 4D tracking detector, where both excellent spatial and temporal resolution are attained, LGAD technology must be optimised. Promising variations, such as the iLGAD and AC-LGAD, are being developed. The technology shows promising prospects of fulfilling the 4D tracking requirements of future particle physics experiments. Micron Semiconductor Ltd. has fabricated LGADs with an active thickness of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. The electrical performance has been measured by means of current–voltage characteristics and Transient Current Technique (TCT), while Minimum Ionising Particles (MIPs) from a Sr-90 source were used to measure the timing resolution, and compared with devices fabricated at IMB-CNM for reference. The fabricated devices were measured to have a gain of 5–10, a timing resolution of 26.5 ps using MIPs produced by a Sr-90 source, measured at a temperature of <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial resolution of an organic scintillator-based Neutron–Gamma Emission Tomography system with different detector cell sizes","authors":"Rafael Escudeiro ,&nbsp;Ihor Tavrovskyi ,&nbsp;Vivian Peters ,&nbsp;Jana Vasiljević ,&nbsp;Anders Puranen ,&nbsp;Bo Cederwall","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection and localization of special nuclear materials and other actinides are important in various applications, including nuclear security and radioactive waste management. This system detects the neutrons and gamma rays emitted by actinide materials to localize the sources within a sample. The system’s detectors are constructed from organic scintillator cells, enabling rapid detection. When combined with Neutron–Gamma Emission Tomography (NGET), the system allows for precise localization of neutron-emitting sources. This study investigates the attainable spatial resolution of the technique in relation to the dimensions of the individual detector cells, with both experimental measurements and simulations, aiming to optimize detector geometries for various applications and requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of high-sensitivity radon emanation measurement systems with surface treatment optimization","authors":"Yuan Wu ,&nbsp;Lin Si ,&nbsp;Zhixing Gao ,&nbsp;Yuanzi Liang ,&nbsp;Jianglai Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Meng ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Qian ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Liangyu Wu ,&nbsp;Youhui Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon and its progenies are significant sources of background in rare event detection experiments, including dark matter searches like the PandaX-4T experiment and other rare decay studies such as neutrinoless double beta decay (NLDBD). In order to measure and control radon emanation for these experiments, we have developed two specialized radon measurement systems: a radon emanation measurement system suitable for small-sized samples with a blank rate of <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> (stat. + syst.) mBq in the 12.3 L counting chamber, and a radon trap system designed for large-volume samples using low-temperature radon trapping techniques, which improves the sensitivity by a factor of 26 to 43 with 1 standard liter per minute (slpm) gas flow and 6 h trapping time. To boost the detection sensitivity, various surface treatments of the chambers were investigated, including mechanical polishing, electrochemical polishing, and mirror polishing, which reveals that smoother surfaces lead to lower radon emanation rates. In addition, treatments such as applying epoxy coating and covering with aluminized Mylar to stainless steel chambers can also reduce the radon emanation by <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>90</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>74</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> (90% C.L.), respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of thin-gap GEM-μRWELL hybrid detectors","authors":"Kondo Gnanvo ,&nbsp;Xinzhan Bai ,&nbsp;Brian Kross ,&nbsp;Minh Dao ,&nbsp;Seung Joon Lee ,&nbsp;Nilanga Liyanage ,&nbsp;Huong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Matt Posik ,&nbsp;Nikolai Smirnov ,&nbsp;Sourav Tarafdar ,&nbsp;Andrew Weisenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) are used for tracking in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics because of their large area, excellent spatial resolution capabilities and low cost. However, for high energy charged particles impacting at a large angle with respect to the axis perpendicular to detector plane, the spatial resolution degrades significantly because of the long trail of ionization charges produced in clusters all along the track in the drift region of the detector. The long ionization charge trail results in registering hits from large number of strips in the readout plane which makes it challenging to precisely reconstruct the particle’s position using simple center of gravity algorithm. As a result, the larger the drift gap, the more severe the deterioration of spatial resolution for inclined tracks. For the same reason, the position resolution is also severely degraded in a large magnetic field, where the Lorentz E <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> B effect causes the ionization charges to follow a curved and longer path in the detector gas volume. In this paper, we report on the development of thin-gap MPGDs as a way to maintain excellent spatial resolution capabilities of MPGD detectors over a wide angular range of incoming particles. In a thin-gap MPGD, the thickness of the gas volume in the drift region is reduced from typically <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>3 mm to <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>1 mm or less. We present preliminary test beam results demonstrating the improvement in spatial resolution from <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>400 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m with a standard 3 mm gap <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>RWELL prototype to <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>140 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m with a double amplification GEM-<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>RWELL thin-gap hybrid detector. We also discuss the impact of a thin-gap drift volume on other aspects of the performance of MPGD technologies such as the efficiency and detector stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal shape studies and rate dependence of HFO-based gas mixtures in RPC detectors","authors":"RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration,&nbsp;L. Quaglia ,&nbsp;M. Abbrescia ,&nbsp;G. Aielli ,&nbsp;R. Aly ,&nbsp;M.C. Arena ,&nbsp;M. Barroso ,&nbsp;L. Benussi ,&nbsp;S. Bianco ,&nbsp;F. Bordon ,&nbsp;D. Boscherini ,&nbsp;A. Bruni ,&nbsp;S. Buontempo ,&nbsp;M. Busato ,&nbsp;P. Camarri ,&nbsp;R. Cardarelli ,&nbsp;L. Congedo ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;F. Debernardis ,&nbsp;M. De Serio ,&nbsp;N. Zaganidis","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The RPCs employed at the LHC experiments are currently operated in avalanche mode, with a mixture containing a large fraction of C₂H₂F₄ (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>90% or more) with the addition of i-C₄H₁₀ and SF₆ in different concentrations. However, C₂H₂F₄ and SF₆ are fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) with Global Warming Potential (GWP) of <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>1400 and <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>22<!--> <!-->800, respectively. EU regulations imposed a progressive phase-down of C₂H₂F₄ production and consumption, aiming at strongly reducing its emission. This is already resulting in an increase of its price and reduction in availability.</div><div>The most desirable long-term solution to this problem is to find an alternative, F-gases-free gas mixture, able to maintain similar detector performance. To study lower-GWP gas mixtures for RPC detectors, the RPC ECOGasas@GIF++ collaboration (including RPC experts of ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, SHiP/LHCb, and the CERN EP-DT group) was created in 2019 and it is currently investigating a gas from the olefine family, the C₃H₂F₄ (or simply HFO, with GWP <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>6), to be used, in combination with CO₂, as a substitute for C₂H₂F₄.</div><div>This contribution will focus on the signal shape studies that have been carried out by the collaboration during dedicated beam test periods. The methodology used in the data analysis will be presented, together with the results obtained with several HFO-based gas mixtures, and with the currently employed one. Furthermore, results on the counting-rate dependence of the RPC performance, obtained by combining the muon beam with the GIF++ ¹³⁷Cs source with different attenuation factors, will also be presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative determination of spatial resolution and linearity of position-sensitive LG-SiPMs at sub-millimeter scale via Ricean distribution fitting","authors":"Aramis Raiola ,&nbsp;Fabio Acerbi ,&nbsp;Cyril Alispach ,&nbsp;Hossein Arabi ,&nbsp;Domenico della Volpe ,&nbsp;Alberto Gola ,&nbsp;Habib Zaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Position-sensitive SiPMs are useful in all light detection applications requiring a small number of readout channels while preserving the information about the incoming light’s interaction position. Focusing on a 2 × 2 array of LG-SiPMs covering an area of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>mm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with just 6 readout channels, we proposed a quantitative method to evaluate the image reconstruction performance. The method is based on a statistical approach to assess the device’s precision (spatial resolution) and accuracy (linearity) in reconstructing the light spot center of gravity. This evaluation is achieved through a Rice probability distribution function fitting. We obtained an average sensor spatial resolution of <span><math><mrow><mn>81</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> (standard deviation) with a corresponding accuracy of <span><math><mrow><mn>231</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fast X-ray detector system of the FAMU experiment at RAL","authors":"M. Bonesini,&nbsp;FAMU Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The FAMU experiment at RAL has been designed to study the hyperfine splitting (HFS) of muonic hydrogen and thus measure the Zemach radius of the proton, with a precision better than 1%. The HFS transition is excited by a tunable MIR laser at <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>6790</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></math></span> and is recognized by delayed (<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>O) X-ray emission around 130–170 keV. The fast X-ray detection system is based on 34 scintillating LaBr<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>:Ce crystals and one HPGe detector for inter-calibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the optical model of the T2K 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector unit cube","authors":"S. Abe ,&nbsp;I. Alekseev ,&nbsp;T. Arai ,&nbsp;T. Arihara ,&nbsp;S. Arimoto ,&nbsp;N. Babu ,&nbsp;V. Baranov ,&nbsp;L. Bartoszek ,&nbsp;L. Berns ,&nbsp;S. Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;A. Blondel ,&nbsp;A.V. Boikov ,&nbsp;M. Buizza-Avanzini ,&nbsp;J. Capó ,&nbsp;J. Cayo ,&nbsp;J. Chakrani ,&nbsp;P.S. Chong ,&nbsp;A. Chvirova ,&nbsp;M. Danilov ,&nbsp;C. Davis ,&nbsp;E.D. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetized near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment has been recently upgraded aiming to satisfy the requirement of reducing the systematic uncertainty from measuring the neutrino–nucleus interaction cross section, which is the largest systematic uncertainty in the search for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation. A key component of the upgrade is SuperFGD, a 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector made of approximately 2,000,000 optically-isolated <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mtext>cm</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> cubes. The SuperFGD cube unit shows promising optical performance, including a high light yield of about 40 photoelectrons (p.e.) per channel, a low cube-to-cube crosstalk rate below 3%, and a sub-nanosecond time resolution of 0.96 ns. By combining tracking and stopping power measurements of final state particles, this novel detector enables precise 3D-imaging of GeV neutrino interactions with reduced systematic uncertainties.</div><div>A detailed Geant4 based optical simulation of the SuperFGD building block, i.e. a plastic scintillating cube read out by three wavelength shifting fibers, has been developed and validated with the different datasets collected in various beam tests. In this manuscript the description of the optical model as well as the comparison with data are reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of neutron spectral yield using Au foil based indigenous single sphere neutron spectrometer","authors":"S.P. Tripathy ,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Paul ,&nbsp;G.S. Sahoo ,&nbsp;A.A. Shanbhag ,&nbsp;P. Srinivasan ,&nbsp;P. Chaudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the neutron yield and energy distribution from the (21 MeV ¹H + ^natBe) and (20 MeV ¹H + ^natTa) systems were measured using an in-house developed high density poly-ethylene based moderation assembly and Au foils as the thermal neutron detectors. These detectors were placed at different layers of the spherical moderating assembly ensuring variable thermalisation of the fast neutrons at each location. The combined setup acts as a concentric single sphere neutron spectrometer (SSNS). The major advantage of using Au foil is its superior quantitative reproducibility and possibility of multiple spectral acquisitions considering significantly large half-life of ¹⁹⁸Au (2.69 days). The response matrix of the moderation assembly along with the Au detectors placed at various depths in the moderation assembly has been evaluated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations. Two separate unfolding approaches were used to construct the neutron spectra for both the reaction systems. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to study the effect of energy bins in the unfolded neutron spectral features and consequently on the resultant ambient dose equivalent values. For this purpose, a total of 5 different energy bins, viz. 31, 51, 71, 91 and 121 were tried out in the energy range between 0.1 MeV and 20 MeV for each unfolding method to generate the neutron spectra. The ambient dose equivalent estimates were arrived with the energy dependent neutron dose conversion coefficients and the estimated fluence spectra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}