Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"High-granularity timing hodoscopes for the AMBER experiment","authors":"Karl Eichhorn ,&nbsp;Jan Michael Friedrich ,&nbsp;Igor Konorov ,&nbsp;Martin J. Losekamm ,&nbsp;Tim Maehrholz ,&nbsp;Stephan Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The AMBER experiment at CERN will measure the proton’s charge radius via muon-proton elastic scattering at high projectile energies and small momentum transfers to help to resolve the so-called <em>proton radius puzzle</em>, i.e., the discrepancy between charge radii measured with different experimental techniques. The core setup at AMBER consists of a hydrogen-filled time projection chamber (TPC). Tracking detectors upstream and downstream of the TPC measure the trajectories of the incoming and outgoing muons to determine their scattering angles. To resolve pile-up hits in the tracking detectors, we are constructing four high-granularity hodoscopes from 500-<span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> scintillating-plastic fibers and arrays of silicon photomultipliers. In this contribution, we present the design of the scintillating-fiber hodoscopes and first results of test-beam measurements with scaled-down prototypes. We will particularly emphasize how we managed to design detectors with a low material budget.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a network discovery protocol for the constellation control and data acquisition framework","authors":"Stephan Lachnit,&nbsp;EDDA collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Qualifying new detectors in test beam environments presents a challenging setting that requires stable operation of diverse devices, often employing multiple data acquisition systems. Changes to these setups are frequent, such as using different reference detectors depending on the facility. Managing this complexity necessitates a system capable of controlling the data taking, monitoring the experimental setup, facilitating seamless configuration, and easy integration of new devices.</div><div>One aspect of such systems is network configuration. Many systems require fixed IP addresses for all machines participating in the data acquisition, which adds complexity for users.</div><div>In this paper, a network protocol for network discovery tailored towards network-distributed control and data acquisition systems is described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple combined-objective optimization method for coil configuration of air-core multi-coil magnet systems","authors":"Tsun Him Chong,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Fukuda,&nbsp;Tetsuhiko Yorita,&nbsp;Hiroki Kanda","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the high current density of high temperature superconducting magnet, it is possible for accelerator magnets to generate sufficiently strong magnetic field without using any iron core. A new optimization method is proposed for this kind of air-core system. This method combine Biot–Savart law and gradient descent method to determine the coil position, geometry and applied current at once, to obtain high accuracy magnetic field and small superconductor usage in the same time. The balance between high field accuracy and low superconductor usage can be adjusted by optimizing the weighting parameter properly. An example of using this method on a cyclotron is given, to show that the optimization can be performed under complicated spatial and current limitation. This optimization method is fast, and can be performed easily using python package without using any high level optimization or calculation technique. With its simplicity and speed, this optimization can be used for various air-core magnet design in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-resistant thin LGADs for enhanced 4D tracking","authors":"A.R. Altamura ,&nbsp;R.S. White ,&nbsp;M. Ferrero ,&nbsp;L. Anderlini ,&nbsp;R. Arcidiacono ,&nbsp;G. Borghi ,&nbsp;M. Boscardin ,&nbsp;N. Cartiglia ,&nbsp;M. Centis Vignali ,&nbsp;T. Croci ,&nbsp;F. Davolio ,&nbsp;M. Durando ,&nbsp;A. Fondacci ,&nbsp;S. Galletto ,&nbsp;L. Lanteri ,&nbsp;L. Menzio ,&nbsp;A. Morozzi ,&nbsp;D. Passeri ,&nbsp;N. Pastrone ,&nbsp;F. Siviero ,&nbsp;V. Sola","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This contribution presents the results of an R&amp;D study on the EXFLU1 batch, a novel concept of thin Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) designed to achieve improved timing resolution and radiation tolerance up to 25 × 10¹⁴ n<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>eq</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>cm⁻². Sensors with different thicknesses (15, 20, 30, and <span><math><mrow><mn>45</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) have been explored. New designs for the gain layer and guard ring structure have been investigated, along with two different doping activation methods. The sensors have been irradiated up to 25 × 10¹⁴ n<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>eq</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>cm⁻² and characterised in terms of current, capacitance, and gain to assess their radiation tolerance. Finally, <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> LGADs were tested in a 4 GeV electron beam to evaluate their timing resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide production for dose verification in VHEE FLASH radiotherapy","authors":"Francesco Urso ,&nbsp;Federica Baffigi ,&nbsp;Esther Ciarrocchi ,&nbsp;Leonida Antonio Gizzi ,&nbsp;Petra Koester ,&nbsp;Luca Labate ,&nbsp;Matteo Morrocchi ,&nbsp;Simona Piccinini ,&nbsp;Martina Salvadori ,&nbsp;Maria Giuseppina Bisogni","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the production of radionuclides in a PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) phantom irradiated with Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) beams as a novel method for dose verification. In this work, Monte Carlo simulation studies using the Geant4 toolkit and experimental measurements with a VHEE beam produced by a laser-plasma accelerator were conducted. Specifically, the photonuclear production of ¹¹C, ¹⁵O and ¹³N is examined, with a detailed analysis of their spatial distribution, production yields and decay time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gain suppression in LGAD detectors under focused and defocused femtosecond laser beam","authors":"Danijela Mrkić ,&nbsp;Gordana Laštovička-Medin ,&nbsp;Miloš Manojlović ,&nbsp;Gregor Kramberger ,&nbsp;Mateusz Rebarz","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are particle detectors with a moderate gain (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 50) optimized for high energy physics experiments. Gain in these sensors is controlled by bias voltage but it depends also on the other factors such as temperature and charge density generated in the gain layer. When the laser pulses are used to study LGADs, charge density strongly depends on the beam parameters. The same laser intensity can induce different charge density across the gain layer if the focusing parameters vary. It is known that higher ionization densities cause reduction of the gain and this effect has been already investigated. Here, we present extension of the previous gain suppression studies investigating not only spatial, but also temporal distribution of the laser pulses. In addition, we demonstrate gain suppression effect at two different wavelengths commonly used in characterization of the silicon detectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next generation multi-element monolithic Germanium detectors for spectroscopy: First integration at ESRF facility","authors":"N. Goyal ,&nbsp;S. Aplin ,&nbsp;A. Balerna ,&nbsp;P. Bell ,&nbsp;J. Casas ,&nbsp;M. Cascella ,&nbsp;S. Chatterji ,&nbsp;C. Cohen ,&nbsp;E. Collet ,&nbsp;P. Fajardo ,&nbsp;E.N. Gimenez ,&nbsp;H. Graafsma ,&nbsp;H. Hiresmann ,&nbsp;F.J. Iguaz ,&nbsp;K. Klementiv ,&nbsp;K. Kolodjiez ,&nbsp;L. Manzanillas ,&nbsp;T. Martin ,&nbsp;R.H. Menk ,&nbsp;M. Porro ,&nbsp;E. Welter","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <span>XAFS-DET</span> work package of the European <span>LEAPS-INNOV</span> project is developing high-purity Germanium detectors for synchrotron applications requiring spectroscopic-grade response. The detectors integrate three key features: (1) newly designed monolithic Germanium sensors optimized to mitigate charge-sharing events, (2) an improved cooling and mechanical design structure supported by thermal simulations, and (3) complete electronic chain featuring a low-noise <span>CMOS</span> technology based preamplifier, enabling high X-ray count rate capability over a broad energy range (5–100 keV). This paper discusses the first integration and characterization of one of the two multi-element Ge detectors at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (<span>ESRF</span>). The integration phase included validating high-throughput front-end electronics, integrating them with the Ge sensor, and operating them at liquid nitrogen temperature, in addition to the experimental characterization, which consists of electronics noise study and spectroscopic performance evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal properties study of neutron irradiated silicon photomultipliers down to 100 K","authors":"E. Currás-Rivera,&nbsp;F. Blanc,&nbsp;G. Haefeli,&nbsp;R. Marchevski,&nbsp;F. Ronchetti,&nbsp;O. Schneider,&nbsp;L. Shchutska,&nbsp;G. Zunica","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The LHCb experiment at CERN has been upgraded for the Run 3 operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A new concept of tracking detector based on Scintillating Fibres (SciFi) read out with multichannel silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) was installed during its upgrade. One of the main challenges the SciFi tracker will face during its operation is the high radiation environment due to fast neutrons, where the SiPMs are located. In view of LHCb Upgrade II in 2033, the radiation levels will increase significantly, and the SciFi tracker must undergo a major upgrade. By the end of the lifetime, the expected radiation fluence will reach <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> at the SiPMs’ location. To cope with the increase in radiation, cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen is being investigated as a possible solution to mitigate the performance degradation of the SiPMs induced by radiation damage. Thus, a detailed performance study of different layouts of SiPM modules produced by FBK and Hamamatsu is being carried out. These detectors have been designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Several detectors were irradiated with different neutron fluences and tested in a dedicated cryogenic setup down to 100<!--> <!-->K. Key performance parameters, such as breakdown voltage, quenching resistor value, recovery time, and pulse amplitude, are characterized as a function of temperature and neutron fluence. Also, the forward voltage diode as a function of temperature was measured, and the silicon energy bandgap was estimated. The main results of this study are going to be presented here.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test of photomultiplier tubes for the Muon Detectors of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory","authors":"Kun Jiang ,&nbsp;Zehua Cao ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Ziwei Li ,&nbsp;Ziyang Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Liang ,&nbsp;Pengzhong Lu ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Shen ,&nbsp;Kaiyang Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Zebo Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Muon detectors make the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) very efficient in distinguishing gamma-ray-induced extensive air showers from those induced by cosmic rays. A total of 1188 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), CR365-02-2 from Beijing Hamamatsu Photon Techniques Inc. (BHP), are used for the Muon Detectors of LHAASO. These PMTs must have a high dynamic range, from single photoelectron to bunches of <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> photoelectrons, with an equivalent anode peak current of up to 1600 mA. Before deployment, each PMT was tested in the laboratory to determine various parameters, including working voltage, single photoelectron spectrum, quantum efficiency, transit time spread, dark count rate, afterpulse rate, anode-to-dynode amplitude ratio, and linearity. In this paper, the PMT batch test system and the test results of 1,275 PMTs are presented. Of the 1275 PMTs tested, 162 (12.7%) failed to meet the specification requirements, primarily due to issues with the dynamic range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray residual stress measurement under non-ideal conditions using silicon-on-insulator pixel detectors","authors":"Shingo Mitsui ,&nbsp;Noriki Inui ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Sasaki ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Shinya ,&nbsp;Ryutaro Nishimura ,&nbsp;Yasuo Arai","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the application of charge-integration-type silicon-on-insulator (SOI) pixel detectors, INTPIX4 and INTPIX4NA, to X-ray residual stress measurements under non-ideal conditions. Although these devices can measure residual stress in less than 1 s, they have been evaluated for only flat surfaces under ideal conditions. In this study, we examined their applicability to curved surfaces and verified their measurement accuracy for imperfect diffraction rings. The cos(α) and Fourier analysis methods were used for residual stress evaluation. The measurement results showed that the stress measurement on curved surfaces is possible when the ratio of the X-ray irradiation diameter to the specimen diameter is less than 0.5 in the circumferential stress direction. In the case of imperfect diffraction rings, residual stress measurement is possible if a detection range of at least 20°–30° is obtained for the diffraction rings of materials with good crystallinity. Furthermore, an X-ray intensity of approximately 5 W was sufficient for residual stress measurements, and the measurement accuracy can be improved using the plane oscillation method in the case of spotty diffraction rings. Residual stresses in steel with a diffraction ring with a full width at half maximum of 6.5° or less can be measured normally. The results provide insights into the applicability of the developed device to curved surfaces and samples with imperfect diffraction rings. We will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of metal products in our future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}