Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

Machine learning for reactor power monitoring with limited labeled data

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170285

C.L. Stewart , B.L. Goldblum , R.G. Abbott , L. Appleby , B.J. Borghetti , V. Hollingshead , J.H. Whetzel

{"title":"Machine learning for reactor power monitoring with limited labeled data","authors":"C.L. Stewart , B.L. Goldblum , R.G. Abbott , L. Appleby , B.J. Borghetti , V. Hollingshead , J.H. Whetzel","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time reactor power monitoring is critical for a variety of nuclear applications, spanning safety, security, operations, and maintenance. While machine learning methods have shown promise in monitoring reactor power levels, there is limited research on their efficacy in label-starved environments. The goal of this work is to assess the feasibility of classifying nuclear reactor power level using multisource data in scenarios with limited labels. Data were collected using low-resolution multisensors at four nuclear reactor facilities: two large research reactors and two TRIGA reactors. Within each pair, one reactor dataset served as the source and the other as the target in a transfer learning paradigm. Twenty-three supervised models were trained on labeled sequences of magnetic field and acceleration data from each of the target sites. Self-learning and transfer learning methods were applied to the top performing models to assess their classification performance with increasing amounts of labeled data. While reactor power level classification was achieved with a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of up to 0.739 ± 0.003 and 0.622 ± 0.009 with only 400 sequences per power state for the large research reactor and TRIGA target sites, respectively, self-learning and transfer learning leveraging source site data did not improve target classification performance. These findings suggest that alternative methods, such as higher sensitivity sensors, digital twins, or the use of physics-informed models, are required to enable high-performance classification in machine learning approaches to reactor monitoring with a dearth of target ground truth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Article 170285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-precision calibration of gain and characterization of single-photoelectron response in photomultiplier tubes

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170269

Yan Wang , Kun Jiang , Kaifeng Shen , Cheng Li , Zebo Tang , Wangmei Zha

引用次数: 0

Synchrotron based sparse-view CT artifact correction with STC-UNet

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170306

Renmu Zhang , Jun Wang , Lihua Wang , Biao Deng , Jun Hu

{"title":"Synchrotron based sparse-view CT artifact correction with STC-UNet","authors":"Renmu Zhang , Jun Wang , Lihua Wang , Biao Deng , Jun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synchrotron radiation micro-CT imaging is widely used in various scientific fields as a 3D non-destructive imaging technique with high penetration, high resolution and high contrast. Roots According to the Shannon-Nyquist theorem, sufficient projection data need to be collected to obtain high-quality CT reconstructed slices. In order to improve the temporal resolution of CT, sparse data sampling methods have been proposed. However, images reconstructed from sparse view projections often have severe streak artifacts. In this paper, we propose an artifact correction method swin transformer and convolutional U-net (STC-Unet) for synchrotron sparse CT. The network is based on the structure of U-Net, which combines the local feature extraction capability of convolutional neural network and the global feature extraction capability of Transformer in the encoder part, and reduces the artifacts introduced by the single up-sampling by using a dual up-sampling module in the decoder part. The method is applied to sparse CT experiments on synchrotron radiation metal mesh samples, and the results show that the method has good results in removing artifacts while preserving structural details. Compared with other methods, the quantitative evaluation of our proposed model is significantly improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Article 170306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The neural network first-level hardware track trigger of the Belle II experiment

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170279

S. Bähr , H. Bae , J. Becker , M. Bertemes , M. Campajola , T. Ferber , T. Forsthofer , S. Hiesl , G. Inguglia , Y. Iwasaki , T. Jülg , C. Kiesling , A.C. Knoll , T. Koga , Y.-T. Lai , A. Lenz , Y. Liu , F. Meggendorfer , H. Nakazawa , M. Neu , J. Yin

{"title":"The neural network first-level hardware track trigger of the Belle II experiment","authors":"S. Bähr , H. Bae , J. Becker , M. Bertemes , M. Campajola , T. Ferber , T. Forsthofer , S. Hiesl , G. Inguglia , Y. Iwasaki , T. Jülg , C. Kiesling , A.C. Knoll , T. Koga , Y.-T. Lai , A. Lenz , Y. Liu , F. Meggendorfer , H. Nakazawa , M. Neu , J. Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe the principles and performance of the first-level (“L1”) hardware track trigger of Belle II, which uses the information of Belle II’s Central Drift Chamber (“CDC”) and provides three-dimensional track candidates based on neural networks. The inputs to the networks are “2D” track candidates in the plane transverse to the electron–positron beams, obtained via Hough transforms, and selected information from the stereo layers of the CDC. The networks then provide estimates for the origin of the track candidates in direction of the colliding beams (“<span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-vertex”), as well as their polar emission angles <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span>. Using a suitable cut <span><math><mi>d</mi></math></span> on the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-vertices of the “neural” tracks allows us to identify events coming from the collision region (<span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>), and to suppress the overwhelming background from outside. Requiring <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow><mo><</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span> for at least one neural track in an event with two or more 2D candidates will set an L1 track trigger. The networks also enable a minimum bias trigger, requiring a single 2D track candidate validated by a neural track with a momentum larger than 0.7 GeV in addition to the <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> condition. We also sketch our concepts for upgrading the neural trigger in view of rising instantaneous luminosities, accompanied by increasing backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Article 170279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring spatial resolution enhancements on IMAT for steel corrosion studies

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170284

Vicky Ullas Mirashi , Winfried Kockelmann , Nikil Kapur , Anna Fedrigo , Manuel Morgano , Thawatchart Chulapakorn , Adrian Losko , Alexander Wolfertz , Anton S. Tremsin , Adriana Matamoros-Veloza

引用次数: 0

Design and implementation of a front-end amplifier with over 100 dB dynamic range and 40 MHz bandwidth

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170254

Lushan Wang , Qiang Yang , Qiang Li , Sixin Wu , Bo Peng , Jiaxing Wen , Yue Yang , Wenbo Mo , Yugang Zhou , Ling Miao , Jiazhou Li

{"title":"Design and implementation of a front-end amplifier with over 100 dB dynamic range and 40 MHz bandwidth","authors":"Lushan Wang , Qiang Yang , Qiang Li , Sixin Wu , Bo Peng , Jiaxing Wen , Yue Yang , Wenbo Mo , Yugang Zhou , Ling Miao , Jiazhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the high-energy astrophysical research, high-power laser-plasma experiments, and many fields, the detection of particles with wide energy range or radiation fields with wide flux range is required. However, the dynamic range of most radiation detector systems are not exceeding four orders of magnitude due to the limiting dynamic range of readout electronic circuits, which cannot satisfy the requirement. This paper proposes a preamplifier circuit design for radiation detectors with high dynamic range and high bandwidth. The preamplifier is a transimpedance amplifier with two feedback loops, featuring a fast trigger and switch circuit to automatically adjust the amplifier’s gain. Ultimately, the circuit achieved a dynamic range of over five orders of magnitude at a 40 MHz bandwidth, reaching 102.59 dB. Used in a liquid scintillation detector readout system, the preamplifier was tested in an n-<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> discrimination experiment. The experimental results show that, coupling the detector with this circuit achieves a larger dynamic range detection and better n-<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> discrimination capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Article 170254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of oxygen-rich targets for elastic backscattering applications using the high-energy vibrational powder plating method

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170278

Stefan Gmuca, Ján Kliman

{"title":"Fabrication of oxygen-rich targets for elastic backscattering applications using the high-energy vibrational powder plating method","authors":"Stefan Gmuca, Ján Kliman","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin and thick oxygen-rich targets of metal-oxide WO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> powder were prepared using an in-air version of the high-energy vibrational powder plating method. The targets are intended to be used for elastic backscattering applications of <sup>16</sup>O(<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) and <sup>16</sup>O(p,p) resonances at 3038 keV and 3473 keV, respectively, in the beam energy calibration of small accelerators. The high resolution optical microscopy method and X-ray fluorescence technique were used to characterize the targets deposited on various backing substrates. It was shown that the distribution of tungsten in the deposited layers is homogeneous and uniform. From the stoichiometric preservation of the method, the homogeneity and uniformity of the O distribution are deduced. The results indicate that the method used is a viable and effective technique for preparing high-quality nuclear targets, with significant implications for elastic backscattering experiments and other applications in nuclear physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Article 170278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of correlations between spectral phase fluctuations of the laser pulse and the performance of an LPA

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170267

Finn Kohrell , Sam Barber , Kyle Jensen , Christopher Doss , Curtis Berger , Carl Schroeder , Eric Esarey , Florian Grüner , Jeroen van Tilborg

引用次数: 0

Development of a linac-based LEPD experimental station for surface structure analysis and coordination with synchrotron radiation ARPES

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170270

Rezwan Ahmed , Izumi Mochizuki , Toshio Hyodo , Tetsuroh Shirasawa , Seigi Mizuno , Yoshinari Kondo , Kenichi Ozawa , Miho Kitamura , Kenta Amemiya , Bartlomiej Checinski , Jozef Ociepa , Achim Czasch , Ottmar Jagutzki , Ken Wada

{"title":"Development of a linac-based LEPD experimental station for surface structure analysis and coordination with synchrotron radiation ARPES","authors":"Rezwan Ahmed , Izumi Mochizuki , Toshio Hyodo , Tetsuroh Shirasawa , Seigi Mizuno , Yoshinari Kondo , Kenichi Ozawa , Miho Kitamura , Kenta Amemiya , Bartlomiej Checinski , Jozef Ociepa , Achim Czasch , Ottmar Jagutzki , Ken Wada","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the development of a low-energy positron diffraction (LEPD) experimental station for surface structure analysis using a linear electron accelerator (linac)-based slow-positron beam. LEPD is the positron counterpart of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and is expected to offer higher accuracy in surface structure determination compared to LEED. The station enables acquisition of LEPD <span><math><mi>I</mi></math></span>–<span><math><mi>V</mi></math></span> curves within a few hours. It consists of two ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chambers for LEPD measurements and sample preparation, equipped with essential tools for surface preparation and evaluation. A newly designed sample holder has been developed to be compatible with this LEPD station at SPF-A4 of the Slow Positron Facility (SPF) and the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) station at BL-13B of the Photon Factory (PF), both located at the Tsukuba campus of the Institute of Materials Structure Science (IMSS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). This system facilitates LEPD and ARPES measurements on the same sample under consistent surface conditions, achieved through identical preparation environments and procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Article 170270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polarization radiation from a fractal cluster

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170266

Pavel G. Shapovalov, Alexey A. Tishchenko

引用次数: 0