Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Gas-jet target with online interferometric thickness measurement for nuclear astrophysics","authors":"Anup Yadav ,&nbsp;Daniel Bemmerer ,&nbsp;Fabian Donat ,&nbsp;Juozas Dudutis ,&nbsp;Sören Göhler ,&nbsp;Maik Görler ,&nbsp;Maxim Hilz ,&nbsp;Arie Irman ,&nbsp;Miglė Mackevičiūtė ,&nbsp;Konrad Schmidt ,&nbsp;Manfred Sobiella ,&nbsp;Vidmantas Tomkus ,&nbsp;Kai Zuber","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new jet gas target system has been developed for the Felsenkeller 5<!--> <!-->MV underground ion accelerator for nuclear astrophysics. It provides either a 1.5 × 10¹⁸ <!-->atoms/cm² thick cylindrical jet or a 8 × 10¹⁷ <!-->atoms/cm² thick wall of nitrogen gas, with a surface of 10 × 10<!--> <!-->mm² to be seen by the ion beam.</div><div>The system includes a de Laval type nozzle and altogether five pumping stages: In addition to the jet catcher and the jet chamber surrounding it, there are three stages connecting the jet to the ion accelerator. Behind the jet chamber, as seen from the ion beam, a windowless static-type gas target and, subsequently, a beam calorimeter have been installed.</div><div>This work describes the offline tests of the gas target system prior to its installation on the beam line of the Felsenkeller accelerator.</div><div>The thickness of the jet has been determined using three different methods: By computational fluid dynamics simulations, with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and by <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-energy loss using a mixed <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> source. The three methods were shown to be in agreement. For 0-6 bar inlet gas pressure, a linear relationship between inlet pressure and jet thickness has been found.</div><div>Different shapes of de Laval type inlet nozzles, both circular and slit-type, have been manufactured from fused silica glass or stainless steel and tested using measurements and simulations. The power and stability of the beam calorimeter have been tested. The interferometry has been shown to work reliably and to give two-dimensional projections of the gas jet with sub-mm resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of superconducting bending magnets and an integral compensation method for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility","authors":"Jincheng Xia ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenghe Bai ,&nbsp;Xudong Wang ,&nbsp;Zian Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianhao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source under construction, with a beam energy of 2.2 GeV and a radiation spectrum primarily covering the VUV to soft X-ray range. To extend its photon energy into the hard X-ray regime, HALF plans to replace two normal-conducting bending magnets with 6 T superconducting bending magnets (Superbends). This paper presents two Superbend electromagnetic schemes to address the challenge of achieving high peak magnetic fields within a limited magnetic field integral. To resolve the integral field mismatch between the Superbends and the original bending magnets, an integral compensation method is proposed as a potential solution for Scheme 1. Additionally, the impact of both schemes on the storage ring beam dynamics is analyzed, and the lattice is optimized to preserve the original performance. To further assess the engineering feasibility of Scheme 1, mechanical and cryogenic system designs are carried out. A preliminary quench protection strategy is also proposed to ensure the safe operation of the ReBCO coils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCSa: A tool for photoneutron cross section measurement data analysis at SLEGS","authors":"Z.R. Hao ,&nbsp;L.X. Liu ,&nbsp;H.W. Wang ,&nbsp;G.T. Fan ,&nbsp;H.H. Xu ,&nbsp;Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;Y.X. Yang ,&nbsp;K.J. Chen ,&nbsp;Q.K. Sun ,&nbsp;M.D. Zhou ,&nbsp;Z.W. Wang ,&nbsp;M.K. Xu ,&nbsp;X.F. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.L. Shen ,&nbsp;C. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In photoneutron cross section measurements, extracting neutron counts (<em>N</em>_n) and gamma flux (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) from experimental data is a fundamental step during data analysis. By leveraging the high-flux gamma beams of Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), its unique slant-scattering energy-tuning capability, and the Flat-Efficiency Detector (FED) with an exceptional efficiency of <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>40%, we can perform high-throughput measurements of photoneutron cross sections. The massive data yield necessitates rapid analysis for real-time beam optimization. To address this, the Photoneutron Cross section analysis (PCSa) tool has been developed, which provides experimentalists with an efficient, user-friendly toolkit integrating: (1) Advanced algorithms for <em>N</em>_n and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> extraction via pulse-height spectra analysis and time-distribution optimization. (2) Automated workflows for MVME data conversion with ROOT integration. (3) The robust direct unfolding method. (4) An intuitive, user-friendly graphical interface that streamlines operation. PCSa has become the standardized processing pipeline for SLEGS photoneutron studies, having successfully analyzed data for <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>197</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>Au</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>159</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>Tb</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>63</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>27</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>Al</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>59</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>Co</mtext></mrow></math></span> (detailed in the Summary section). It establishes a critical foundation for high-efficiency photonuclear data analysis at SLEGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the convergence rate of the Minimal Residual method via Symmetric Gauss–Seidel preconditioning for solving neutron transport equation in spherical geometry","authors":"Abdelkader Tizaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper enhances the Minimal Residual (MR) method for solving the neutron transport equation in spherical geometry by incorporating Symmetric Gauss–Seidel preconditioning to accelerate convergence. The proposed preconditioned MR method is analysed both theoretically and numerically, demonstrating a substantial improvement in convergence speed—reducing the number of iterations required for convergence compared to the unpreconditioned approach and other classical methods. Numerical experiments confirm that this technique not only accelerates convergence but also significantly improves computational efficiency, particularly for large-scale neutron transport simulations. These findings highlight the potential of the preconditioned MR method as an effective tool for solving complex neutron transport problems, with critical applications in nuclear reactor physics, radiation shielding, and other areas of nuclear engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martha—First measurement results","authors":"A. Bähr,&nbsp;J. Damore,&nbsp;M. Hensel,&nbsp;C. Koffmane,&nbsp;R. Lehmann,&nbsp;J. Ninkovic,&nbsp;G. Schaller,&nbsp;E. Prinker,&nbsp;R.H. Richter,&nbsp;M. Schnecke,&nbsp;F. Schopper,&nbsp;J. Treis","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve a pixel diode inherent signal amplification, Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) have come into focus of pixel detector developments. However, in contrast to conventional diode arrays, the detector response in the pixel gap areas is still problematic for LGADs. The Monolithic Array of Reach THrough Avalanche photo diodes (MARTHA), is a novel concept for proportional mode Avalanche Photo Diodes (APDs), that provides a 100% fill factor and a high detection efficiency also in the gap regions. An n-doped field drop layer between the n+ pixel structure and an unstructured p-doped multiplication layer suppresses electric field peaks at the pixel edges and leads to a fairly homogeneous amplification over the sensor area. Edge breakdown suppression could already be demonstrated by static measurements on special diodes. In this paper we present further static and first dynamic and position dependent measurements on segmented sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-driven prediction for accelerator magnet diagnostics to improve operation reliability","authors":"Minghao Song ,&nbsp;Feng Bai ,&nbsp;Yong Hu ,&nbsp;Finn H. O’Shea ,&nbsp;Daniel Ratner ,&nbsp;Reid Smith ,&nbsp;Guimei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliability is one of the most critical metrics for accelerator operation, especially in user facilities. To reduce costly facility downtime and provide an operational environment where system performance can be reliably predicted in support of scientific studies, we are developing a model-driven approach for prediction and anomaly detection. In this study, we present the application of a model-driven method that employs a linear regression model to predict the future temperature, in real time, of accelerator magnets at the NSLS-II light source. This approach enables proactive identification of magnet-heating issues, facilitating magnet flushing prior to the occurrence of permanent damage without interrupting machine operation. The implementation of this method in the NSLS-II control room is described and the analysis of the online results is presented. The results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in providing early alerts to engineers and improving the reliability of accelerator operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a simulation framework and experimental methods for understanding light collection in nanocomposite scintillators","authors":"Vojtech Zabloudil ,&nbsp;Matteo Salomoni ,&nbsp;Emanuele Mazzola ,&nbsp;Luca Gironi ,&nbsp;Sergio Brovelli ,&nbsp;Solangel Rojas ,&nbsp;Etiennette Auffray","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Pathfinder project Unicorn aims to develop advanced nanoparticle-based scintillating materials for high-resolution and rapid-response radiation detection. This work explores the scintillation properties of nanocrystals in polymer matrices, aiming at applications in gamma and beta decay detection. The production of such scintillating composite requires to estimate the effect of absorption and scattering processes in the light transport on the performance of the final detector system. This contribution explores a novel experimental method using a spectrophotometer with a plug-in integrating sphere to obtain these parameters and investigates their influence on the light collection via Monte Carlo simulations in Geant4.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-dimensional Bayesian approach for spectrum unfolding and uncertainty quantification in spectrometric measurements","authors":"Xianglei Wang ,&nbsp;Xingjian Wen ,&nbsp;Songqian Tang ,&nbsp;Sifan Liu ,&nbsp;Xueqing Wang ,&nbsp;Zian Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neutron spectrum unfolding and uncertainty quantification face inherent challenges due to high dimensionality and ill-posed characteristics. We propose a high-dimensional Bayesian approach leveraging local probability decomposition, which comprises a three-phase framework: (1) generating global initial solutions using the GRAVEL algorithm to constrain parameter spaces; (2) conducting localized probability analysis for targeted energy groups via dynamic sliding windows to construct marginal distributions; (3) performing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling with optimized initial points derived from marginal distributions. This innovation significantly enhances the performance of Bayesian spectral unfolding methods. Validated against IAEA-403 Cf-source and ²⁴¹Am-Be experimental measurements, the method achieves precise spectral reconstruction across 13–53 energy groups, demonstrating &lt;15 % spectral relative deviation from the ground truth and 92.3 % uncertainty coverage probability for true values. It outperforms non-informative Bayesian, GRAVEL-informed Bayesian, and conventional GRAVEL methods by reducing relative deviation by up to 54 % and improving coverage probability by 34 percentage points. This study establishes an efficient approach for high-dimensional spectrum unfolding and uncertainty analysis, providing a critical tool for precise radiation dose assessment, shielding optimization, and safety assurance in next-generation advanced nuclear reactors. © 2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation and characterisation of neutron imaging beam at the TRIXIE instrument","authors":"Jana Matouskova ,&nbsp;Burkhard Schillinger ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Soltes ,&nbsp;Milan Stefanik","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neutron imaging instrument TRIXIE is located at one of the horizontal beamlines of the research reactor LVR-15 in the Czech Republic. Before the construction of the TRIXIE instrument, the beamline was not equipped with a collimator; therefore, a new collimator had to be designed and implemented. The beamline was initially equipped with a meter-long single-crystal silicon filter. But, because of the lack of space in the beam (the size of the original filter limited the space for the collimator) and because the beamline needs to be filtered (the spectrum of an empty beamline roughly copies the reactor spectrum, with a high ratio of fast neutrons and gamma rays), a new filter had to be designed as well. The optimisation process of calculations of the collimator and filters of different materials and thicknesses was performed using the Monte Carlo calculation code MCNP. After the installation of the collimator and filters into the beamline, a series of measurements was performed to confirm the calculated results and to characterise the neutron beam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A water Cherenkov detector prototype for future high-energy tau-neutrino experiment","authors":"Monong Yu ,&nbsp;Yiren Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Shiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Xingyu Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of high-energy tau neutrinos (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) remains a critical challenge in neutrino astronomy, limited by inadequate angular resolution and sensitivity in current detectors like IceCube and KM3NeT. We present a modular water Cherenkov detector prototype optimized for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-induced extensive air showers (EAS) in the 1–100 PeV range, leveraging canyon terrain for natural cosmic-ray shielding. Laboratory validation demonstrates this prototype design has high detection efficiency (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>99%) and timing resolution (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>2 ns) on MIP particles, enabling precise <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-induced EAS reconstruction for future study. The results establish a foundation of a low-cost, scalable neutrino observatory, advancing flavor ratio measurements and cosmic-ray origin problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}