Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Seven-dimensional trajectory reconstruction for VAMOS++","authors":"M. Rejmund,&nbsp;A. Lemasson","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer is characterized by a large angular and momentum acceptance and highly non-linear ion optics properties requiring the use of software ion trajectory reconstruction methods to measure the ion magnetic rigidity and the trajectory length between the beam interaction point and the focal plane of the spectrometer. Standard measurements, involving the use of a thin target and a narrow beam spot, allow the assumption of a point-like beam interaction volume for ion trajectory reconstruction. However, this represents a limitation for the case of large beam spot size or extended gaseous target volume. To overcome this restriction, a seven-dimensional reconstruction method incorporating the reaction position coordinates was developed, making use of artificial deep neural networks. The neural networks were trained on a theoretical dataset generated by standard magnetic ray-tracing code. Future application to a voluminous gas target, necessitating the explicit inclusion of the three-dimensional position of the beam interaction point within the target in the trajectory reconstruction method, is discussed. The performances of the new method are presented along with a comparison of mass resolution obtained with previously reported model for the case of thin-target experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and commissioning of a new readout system for the gas flow of the Belle II KL0 and muon detector","authors":"T. Applegate ,&nbsp;N. Brenny ,&nbsp;C. Chen ,&nbsp;S. Choudhury ,&nbsp;J. Cochran ,&nbsp;S. Kang ,&nbsp;A. Khatri ,&nbsp;H. Kindo ,&nbsp;T. Lam ,&nbsp;S. Mitra ,&nbsp;A. Mubarak ,&nbsp;L. Piilonen ,&nbsp;S. Prell ,&nbsp;M. Veronesi","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have designed and commissioned a new readout board to detect photosensor signals from gas-bubbler panels to continuously monitor the gas flow through the resistive plate chambers of the <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> and muon detector of Belle II. The gas flow measurements have been integrated into Belle II’s alarm system. The bubbler-monitoring system was first employed during the February 2024 to July 2024 Belle II data-taking period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the gain–voltage dependence of SiPMs linear?","authors":"M. Antonello,&nbsp;L. Brinkmann,&nbsp;E. Garutti,&nbsp;R. Klanner,&nbsp;J. Schwandt","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gain–voltage dependence for SiPMs from Ref.(V. Chmill et al., 2017) (V.<!--> <!-->Chmill et al., Study of the breakdown voltage of SiPMs) is reanalyzed and a non-linearity at the sub-percent level is observed. Simulations show that the non-linearity can be explained by the increase of the depletion depth of the avalanche region with over-voltage. A consequence of the non-linearity is that the voltage at which the discharge stops is systematically underestimated if a linear extrapolation is used. However, the shift is too small to explain the difference between the break-down voltage from the current–voltage dependence and the one obtained from the extrapolation of the gain–voltage dependence to gain one. The results are confirmed by measurement of a different MPPC produced by Hamamatsu which has a break-down voltage which is about a factor two higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic alignment methods for stretched wire systems in the measurement of insertion device magnetic field integrals at HEPS","authors":"Lingling Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li ,&nbsp;Qing Guo ,&nbsp;Yuhui Li ,&nbsp;Huihua Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stretched wire system was widely employed in the development of insertion devices for HEPS, owing to its capability for rapid, high-precision, and efficient magnetic field integral measurements. However, the alignment accuracy of the wire remains a critical factor influencing the precision of these measurements. Traditional mechanical alignment methods are insufficient for high-precision requirements, as they cannot compensate for the inherent offset between the mechanical and magnetic centers. To address this limitation, this paper proposes two novel magnetic alignment methods based on theoretical analysis and experimental research. The first method was tailored for measuring single magnetic blocks. By evaluating the magnetic field integral with the block positioned in specific orientations, this method effectively eliminated measurement biases caused by angular deviations between the wire and the magnetic block, significantly improving measurement accuracy. The second method was designed for entire insertion devices. It introduced an innovative approach utilizing attached iron slices to generate a new reference signal, thereby reducing measurement biases between the Hall and stretched wire systems and enhancing the reliability of overall performance assessments. These magnetic alignment methods offered an efficient and innovative solution to improve the precision of magnetic field integral measurements at HEPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of compact neutron detector for tokamak","authors":"Han Duan ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yunsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yipo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhonghai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most neutron spectrometers currently used in tokamak devices are based on liquid scintillators coupled with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which present challenges due to their large size and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. In recent years, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have increasingly supplanted traditional PMTs with their advantages, including small size, high quantum efficiency, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. This study presents a novel type of neutron detector for tokamak neutron diagnostics, in which the neutron probe consists of a liquid scintillator, BC-501 A, coupled with a SiPM array. This neutron detector can be used for neutron flux monitoring and, in combination with spectral deconvolution, also for spectrum measurements. The detector was calibrated with several isotope gamma sources, and the discrimination performance was verified on an Am–Be neutron source and the HL-3 device. Results from the Am–Be neutron source experiments indicated that the n/γ figure of merit (FOM) was 1.56 within the energy range of 200–800 keVee. Similarly, on-site experiments conducted at the HL-3 device demonstrated that the FOM was 1.61 within the same discrimination energy range. Furthermore, the measured variation in neutron intensity over time aligned closely with results from multiple neutron detectors on site. This research indicates that the newly developed SiPM-based neutron detector has preliminarily demonstrated its capability to operate on tokamak devices. The next step involves calibrating neutron energy and calculating the response matrix to facilitate spectrum unfolding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring near- and sub-barrier fusion using radioactive beams with a MuSIC detector","authors":"H. Desilets,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;R.T. deSouza","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An improved analysis approach that allows extraction of fusion events deep in the MuSIC@Indiana detector is described. This technique significantly advances measurement of the fusion excitation function for ²⁰O+¹²C down to the <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span> 20 mb level. The new approach also yields a means for extracting the elemental yield of evaporation residues that is independent of energy loss calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-staged tender X-ray free-electron laser based on the fresh-slice method","authors":"Chang-Kyu Sung ,&nbsp;Chi Hyun Shim ,&nbsp;Inhyuk Nam ,&nbsp;Donghyun Na ,&nbsp;Young Jin Suh ,&nbsp;Haeryong Yang ,&nbsp;Seongyeol Kim ,&nbsp;Kook-Jin Moon ,&nbsp;Gyujin Kim ,&nbsp;Hoon Heo ,&nbsp;Heung-Sik Kang ,&nbsp;Myunghoon Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the generation of x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) of mJ level and less than 10 fs duration (rms) using the two-staged fresh-slice method in tender x-ray regime 2.47 keV. The fresh-slice technique is performed by transversely kicking electron beams influenced by a wakefield on a corrugated plate. Using a chicane, a seed FEL pulse produced by the tail slices of the electron beam is overlapped with the fresh head slices. The seed FEL is subsequently amplified by the fresh slices, resulting in a mJ level intensity and short duration. The demonstration performed at PAL-XFEL enhanced the peak power by 60 % compared to the SASE FEL in the normal operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of electron bunch formation in radiofrequency photoguns","authors":"Mikhail Vladimirov,&nbsp;Vladimir Rashchikov,&nbsp;Sergey Polozov","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper investigates some aspects of bunch formation in a radiofrequency (RF) electron gun with a semiconductor photocathode. We numerically solve the drift–diffusion problems for excessive electron and hole concentrations inside the semiconductor medium influenced by picosecond laser pulses and an accelerated field of an RF cavity. Being a result of electron transport via drift and diffusion, the electron concentration at the photocathode surface made it possible to determine the photocurrent. We also demonstrate that the approach under consideration permit obtaining characteristic emission curves and determing quantum efficiency of the photocathode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of CsPbBr3 detectors spectral performance for gamma-ray detection using simultaneous multi-waveform clustering method","authors":"Majid Khorsandi ,&nbsp;Shangzhen Zhu ,&nbsp;Ling-Jian Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a room-temperature semiconductor detector, all-inorganic Proveskit CsPbBr₃ (CPB) has great potential for gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy. However, most CPB samples suffer from spatially non-uniform responses, leading to variations in charge collection efficiency (CCE) for the identical deposited energy at different locations within the detector. This issue affects the apparent energy resolution of the detector. Therefore, the development of methods for correcting non-uniform CCE would be beneficial. In this paper, we have explored a simultaneous multi-waveform clustering method to classify different interaction patterns and derive the variation of CCE accordingly. This information is then used to correct the energy spectrum and enhance the energy resolution. Our results showed that by using this method, we can significantly improve the detector's energy resolution from 11.5 % at 122 keV to 4.4 % after the correction. The main advantage of our approach is that we can improve the spectral performance of a detector regardless of detector configuration and the sources of variations in CCE. Since the proposed method is based on waveform analysis, it could be effectively applied to other room-tempreature semiconductor detectors, such as CZTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on online monitoring methods for plutonium concentrations","authors":"Shuyi Sun ,&nbsp;Chang Li ,&nbsp;Yinqi Lei ,&nbsp;Weiliang Jin ,&nbsp;Liangliang Lv ,&nbsp;Baowei Ding ,&nbsp;Gongping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the increasing global demand for clean, low-carbon, and reliable energy, nuclear energy has gained more attention and investment as a crucial component. As nuclear power plants are being constructed and operated on a large scale, the amount of nuclear waste discharged from reactors is also increasing. Currently, the PUREX reprocessing method is commonly used for recycling nuclear waste, which requires real-time measurement of nuclide concentrations in the solution to calculate the amount of material to be added. The traditional method involves staff sampling and laboratory analysis. Although this method is highly accurate, the detection results are delayed, and there is a certain radiation risk. Therefore, designing an efficient online monitoring system for spent fuel solution concentration is important for the recycling of spent fuel. While the online monitoring technology for uranium solutions is relatively mature, research on online monitoring of plutonium solutions is scarce. Against this backdrop, this paper simulates and designs an online monitoring system for plutonium concentration. Using the Geant4 simulation software, a model is designed with a silicon drift detector to explore the relationship between different concentrations of plutonium solution and its spontaneous X-ray intensity. A method for measuring plutonium concentration using spontaneous X-ray emission is proposed and validated. The paper also provides reasonable suggestions regarding the sample tube and detector parameters. Based on research into plutonium's spontaneous alpha decay, a combination of an X-ray machine and uranyl nitrate solution is proposed as an equivalent substitute model for corresponding concentrations of plutonium solution. The appropriate energy, angle, and time parameters for this model are determined through simulation, and its accuracy is experimentally verified to meet market demands, offering a new feasible solution for the calibration of plutonium concentration monitoring instruments. This provides valuable reference for the process design and management of spent fuel reprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}