Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"An improved non-destructive assay method for radioactive waste steel boxes based on tomographic gamma scanning","authors":"Xi Huang ,&nbsp;Kaiming Yuan ,&nbsp;Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Jinhui Qu ,&nbsp;Zihang Song ,&nbsp;Yonggang Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-destructive assay (NDA) plays a pivotal role in radioactive waste management, which can provide the crucial basis for radioactive waste safe classification, proper storage, and scientific disposal. In this paper, an improved non-destructive assay method for radioactive waste steel box is introduced. Given the large size and thickness of the steel box, the emission measurements of tomographic gamma scanning (TGS) was employed. The transmission measurements were replaced by Monte Carlo calculations based on the density of the uniform medium, to simplify the acquisition of the response matrix. The system response matrix library is pre-calculated to realize the adaptive calculation of activity reconstruction under different densities. In the actual experiments, three high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors mounted on the measurement support platform were used to efficiently measure the full-energy peak counting rate of target nuclides. Based on the Boosted-Gold algorithm, the reconstruction of the radioactive waste activity distribution in steel box was accomplished. The errors in the actual activity measurement are less than 35% and 50% in uniform media (air, water and sand) and non-uniform medium (aluminum components), respectively. Moreover, the reconstructed activity distribution shows a high degree of consistency with the actual activity distribution. These results validate the capability of the proposed method and fully meet the requirements of non-destructive assay of radioactive waste steel box.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a 227Ac source by molecular plating for alpha detectors calibration","authors":"Yunfei Cui ,&nbsp;Zimeng Jia ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Yin ,&nbsp;Shan Sha ,&nbsp;Cunmin Tan ,&nbsp;Kailong Wang ,&nbsp;Qinggang Huang ,&nbsp;Mu Lin ,&nbsp;Shiwei Cao ,&nbsp;Zhi Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work developed an efficient method for fabricating hundred becquerel-level ²²⁷Ac radioactive sources. By integrating a refined purification process with an optimized molecular plating technique, a deposition efficiency exceeding 98% was achieved. The prepared source was successfully employed to calibrate the energy and time resolution of the thermochromatography-LEGEND system. The principal novelty of our approach lies in addressing the challenge of impurity control during the deposition of trace amounts of actinide elements, thereby providing a reliable radioactive source for online/offline calibration of the α detectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time monitoring of longitudinal beam quality across the CERN accelerator complex","authors":"Amaury Beeckman ,&nbsp;Alexander Huschauer ,&nbsp;Alexandre Lasheen ,&nbsp;Cédric Hernalsteens ,&nbsp;Nicolas Pauly","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acquiring and processing longitudinal beam profiles in the CERN injector complex is essential for maintaining high beam quality for both the Large Hadron Collider and fixed-target experiments. This paper describes a new and common framework across the injector chain to continuously monitor longitudinal profiles, based on digitizers connected to wall current monitors. A new software class has been developed using the Front-End Software Architecture framework to improve real-time monitoring of longitudinal beam quality along the whole beam production cycle. The new implementation supports efficient data acquisition with highly flexible configuration options, including per-profile and per-cycle settings management. This acquisition class reduces data transfer time from the hardware and enables simultaneous beam monitoring and optimization for multiple users across the CERN accelerator complex. Beyond the raw data acquisition layer, real-time processing analyses have been developed on the Unified Controls Acquisition and Processing platform to perform bunch length, bunch-by-bunch intensity, and bunch spacing measurements, and tomographic reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space to provide key longitudinal parameters such as momentum spread and emittance. This new monitoring framework paves the way for preparing and executing the filling of the LHC in an automated manner and for optimizing fixed-target cycles for physics users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HUNT: An ultra-large-scale neutrino astronomy telescope","authors":"Mingjun Chen,&nbsp;HUNT Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of the limitation of the sensitivity of the existing neutrino astronomy experiments, only a few point sources have been detected at present. Up to now, LHAASO has discovered more than 70 UHE gamma ray sources in the Milky Way, which provides an obvious clue for the search for high-energy neutrino sources. Therefore, we proposed the project of High-energy Underwater Neutrino Telescope (HUNT), which plans to build a detector volume with 30 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. It is expected that dozens of neutrino point sources inside the Milky Way and outside will be confirmed with 5<span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span> confidence within ten years. This project will use a high sensitive 20-inch PMT, which can minimize the optical module density and has a very high cost performance per unit volume. We have started the prototype test in Lake Baikal and South China Sea, respectively. It is expected that the R&amp;D work of this project will be completed within three years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of wires for drift chambers coated with a magnetron","authors":"I.Yu. Basok ,&nbsp;A.G. Lemzyakov ,&nbsp;A.V. Petrozhitsky ,&nbsp;A.S. Popov","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering method for coating wire for drift chambers is briefly presented. By this method, samples of aluminum alloy wire coated with silver and gold have been produced and their mechanical properties have been studied. High-voltage electron emission tests have been carried out for wires with different coatings on the one-cell drift chamber prototype operated with various gases. During the analysis of the data obtained, a comparison has been made with the results for a reference wire having a known acceptable quality of gold coating, as well as for bare aluminum wire. Conclusions about the suppression of cathode emission for wires coated with a magnetron have been drawn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutron interaction properties of structural materials for multi-grid neutron detectors","authors":"A. Backis ,&nbsp;C.-C. Lai ,&nbsp;M. Aouane ,&nbsp;P.P. Deen ,&nbsp;K.G. Fissum ,&nbsp;J.R.M. Annand ,&nbsp;K. Livingston ,&nbsp;D. Raspino","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The T-REX neutron time-of-flight spectrometer at the European Spallation Source will use Multi-Grid Technology, which relies on thin <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> coatings on the Al blades of the grids to detect scattered thermal neutrons. Following a Monte Carlo study of internal shielding to suppress neutron multiple scattering in T-REX, the neutron transmission and scattering properties of 12 shielding-material samples have been measured at the ISIS spallation neutron source. Neutron transmission was measured on the EMMA beam line at wavelengths 0.5–4.7 Å, using a 2D-position-sensitive, neutron GEM detector, while neutron scattering was measured for 6 of the samples at the Merlin spectrometer, at wavelengths 0.72, 1.28, 1.85 and 2.41 Å. The present tests show that a <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>/Al composite material, plated with Ni to stop intrinsic alpha background, is an effective neutron absorber, suitable for incorporation in the Multi-Grid structures which detect the neutrons in inelastic neutron spectrometers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, implementation, and operation of the TPS digital LLRF system","authors":"Fu-Yu Chang ,&nbsp;Zong-Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoen Wang ,&nbsp;Meng-Shu Yeh ,&nbsp;Mei-Hsia Chang ,&nbsp;Fu-Tsai Chung ,&nbsp;Ling-Jhen Chen ,&nbsp;Chih-Hung Lo ,&nbsp;Shian-Wen Chang ,&nbsp;Ming-Chyuan Lin ,&nbsp;Yi-Ta Li ,&nbsp;Chao-Hui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radio frequency (RF) system is one of the core components of a particle accelerator, providing the energy required to accelerate particles. The Low-Level RF (LLRF) system is responsible for controlling the phase and amplitude of the accelerating field. Compared to analog LLRF systems, digital LLRF systems offer better noise suppression, greater flexibility and extensibility. Therefore, at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), we developed and implemented digital LLRF systems for both the booster and storage ring RF systems. The booster's digital LLRF system has been in operation since 2018, while the storage ring's system was commissioned in 2024. This paper describes the design, implementation, and operational experience of the digital LLRF system at TPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depth calibration of double-sided strip germanium detectors for the compton spectrometer and imager satellite","authors":"Field R. Rogers ,&nbsp;Sean N. Pike ,&nbsp;Samer Alnussirat ,&nbsp;Robin Anthony-Petersen ,&nbsp;Steven E. Boggs ,&nbsp;Felix Hagemann ,&nbsp;Sophia E. Haight ,&nbsp;Alyson Joens ,&nbsp;Carolyn Kierans ,&nbsp;Alexander Lowell ,&nbsp;Brent Mochizuki ,&nbsp;Albert Y. Shih ,&nbsp;Clio Sleator ,&nbsp;John A. Tomsick ,&nbsp;Andreas Zoglauer","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double-sided strip high-purity germanium detectors with three-dimensional position reconstruction capability have been developed over three decades, with space-based applications in high-energy astrophysics and heliophysics. Position resolution in three dimensions is key to reconstruction of Compton scattering events, including for the upcoming Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) satellite mission. Two-dimensional position reconstruction is enabled by segmentation of the two detector faces into orthogonal strip contacts, enabling a pixelized analysis. The depth of an interaction cannot be measured directly but must be inferred from the charge collection time difference between the two faces of the detector. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the depth calibration of a detector with the COSI satellite geometry read out using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed for the COSI mission. In this work, we map collection time difference to depth using the Julia-based simulation package <span>SolidStateDetectors.jl</span> and validate it with comparison to the timing distributions observed in data. We also use simulations and data to demonstrate the depth resolution on a per-pixel basis, with <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>90</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> of pixels having <span><math><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span> (FWHM) resolution at <span><math><mrow><mn>59</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>keV</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span> (FWHM) resolution at <span><math><mrow><mn>122</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>keV</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoporosity imaging by positronium lifetime tomography","authors":"K. Dulski ,&nbsp;E. Beyene ,&nbsp;N. Chug ,&nbsp;C. Curceanu ,&nbsp;E. Czerwiński ,&nbsp;M. Das ,&nbsp;M. Gorgol ,&nbsp;B. Jasińska ,&nbsp;K. Kacprzak ,&nbsp;Ł. Kapłon ,&nbsp;G. Korcyl ,&nbsp;T. Kozik ,&nbsp;K. Kubat ,&nbsp;D. Kumar ,&nbsp;E. Lisowski ,&nbsp;F. Lisowski ,&nbsp;J. Mędrala-Sowa ,&nbsp;S. Niedźwiecki ,&nbsp;P. Pandey ,&nbsp;S. Parzych ,&nbsp;P. Moskal","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) is a well-established non-destructive technique used for nanostructural characterization of porous materials. It is based on the annihilation of a positron and an electron. Mean positron lifetime in the material depends on the free voids size and molecular environment, allowing the study of porosity and structural transitions in the nanometer scale. We have developed a novel method enabling spatially resolved PALS, thus providing tomography of nanostructural characterization of an extended object. Correlating space (position) and structural (lifetime) information brings new insight in materials studies, especially in the characterization of the purity and pore distribution. For the first time, a porosity image using stationary positron sources for the simultaneous measurement of the porous polymers XAD4, silica aerogel powder IC3100, and polyvinyl toluene scintillator PVT by the J-PET (Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography) system is demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensor operating point calibration and monitoring of the ALICE Inner Tracking System during LHC Run 3","authors":"ALICE ITS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new Inner Tracking System (ITS2) of the ALICE experiment began operation in 2021 with the start of LHC Run 3. Compared to its predecessor, ITS2 offers substantial improvements in pointing resolution, tracking efficiency at low transverse momenta, and readout-rate capabilities. The detector employs silicon Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) featuring a pixel size of 26.88 × <span><math><mrow><mn>29</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>24</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>² and an intrinsic spatial resolution of approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. With a remarkably low material budget of 0.36% of radiation length (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) per layer in the three innermost layers and a total sensitive area of about 10 m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, the ITS2 constitutes the largest-scale application of MAPS technology in a high-energy physics experiment and the first of its kind operated at the LHC. For stable data taking, it is crucial to calibrate different parameters of the detector, such as in-pixel charge thresholds and the masking of noisy pixels. The calibration of 24,120 monolithic sensors, comprising a total of 12.6 × 10⁹ pixels, represents a major operational challenge. This paper presents the methods developed for the calibration of the ITS2 and outlines the strategies for monitoring and dynamically adjusting the detector’s key performance parameters over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1086 ","pages":"Article 171354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}