Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Determination of the mass attenuation coefficient over a broad energy range based on the Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio: Curve-fitting and machine learning methods","authors":"Le Thi Ngoc Trang ,&nbsp;Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Truc Linh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thanh Dat ,&nbsp;Huynh Dinh Chuong ,&nbsp;Hoang Duc Tam","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present two novel methods for determining the mass attenuation coefficient over a broad energy range based on the Rayleigh and Compton scattering spectra collected by a Si(Li) detector. These methods involve developing either curve-fitting models or artificial neural network models to obtain (i) the relationship between the effective atomic number and the Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio, and (ii) the dependence of the mass attenuation coefficient on both the effective atomic number and photon energy. Using these models, the mass attenuation coefficient can be calculated from input data consisting of the Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio and photon energy. Next, we applied the proposed methods to 12 different materials, thereby confirming their accuracy. The results show that both methods offer equivalent accuracy. Specifically, within the energy range of 200 keV to 10 MeV, the mass attenuation coefficients determined by these methods exhibit relative deviations of less than 6 % when compared to XCOM (NIST) values. However, in the low-energy range of 50 keV–200 keV, the relative deviations can be significant for multi-element materials (reaching up to 43 %). Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed methods as additional solutions for determining the mass attenuation coefficient of materials. Two notable advantages of these methods are that they can derive the mass attenuation coefficient across a broad energy range without requiring any information about the sample composition and that the data set used to fit the calibration curves or train the artificial neural network is generated via Monte Carlo simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15 years young: The ALICE TOF detector in the LHC Run 3","authors":"Sofia Strazzi,&nbsp;ALICE Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ALICE Time Of Flight (TOF) detector consists of 1593 Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) operating with a mixture of Freon (93%) and SF<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> (7%), covering a total active area of about 140 m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and accounting for more than 150,000 readout channels. During the latest LHC shutdown, the detector underwent a major upgrade of its readout, allowing for continuous data taking and, therefore, fully exploiting the increased luminosity provided by the LHC in Pb–Pb collisions. Thanks to a time resolution of 68 ps, the ALICE TOF detector provides a crucial tool for identifying charged particles produced at intermediate momenta in high energy pp, pA, and AA collisions at the LHC. This feature is fundamental in high-energy nuclear physics as it allows for basic measurements of the identified particle production, which is used to characterize the Quark Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions.</div><div>After 15 years of operations, the detector performance remains excellent, with no degradation in the stability of operation or in the efficiency of particle detection. The detector performance is presented in the paper, also in terms of operations and stability. The calibration procedures of the detector in the continuous readout scheme are discussed, along with the implications for particle identification. A few PID examples in physics analysis will also be described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PRISMA-36 array for studying variations of the thermal neutron flux","authors":"M.B. Amelchakov ,&nbsp;A. Chiavassa ,&nbsp;A.N. Dmitrieva ,&nbsp;D.M. Gromushkin ,&nbsp;S.S. Khokhlov ,&nbsp;E.P. Khomchuk ,&nbsp;V.V. Kindin ,&nbsp;A. Yu Konovalova ,&nbsp;P.S. Kuzmenkova ,&nbsp;E.S. Morgunov ,&nbsp;N.A. Pasyuk ,&nbsp;A.A. Petrukhin ,&nbsp;I.A. Shulzhenko ,&nbsp;E.P. Volkov ,&nbsp;I.I. Yashin","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From 2012 to 2023, the PRISMA-32 array operated at the Experimental Complex NEVOD (MEPhI, Moscow). The purpose of the array was to study extensive air showers detecting their neutron and electron-photon components using unshielded neutron detectors. To expand the capabilities of this facility, including the study of cosmic and geophysical phenomena with a neutron flux, its upgrade was carried out. In this upgrade, a measurement channel to study the variations of the neutron background and the processes affecting them was added. To achieve this, the photomultipliers, the integrating amplifiers, the digitalizing electronics and the high-voltage power supply system were replaced. The paper describes the structure of the upgraded array, which was named PRISMA-36, and presents the results of studying the characteristics of the main elements of its “variation” channel. A method for identifying signals caused by neutron capture and the determined criteria for their selection are discussed. An example of a Forbush decrease, caused by a X1.1-class flare and recorded with the variation channel of the PRISMA-36 array, is given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FANSIC: A Fast ANalog SiPM Interface Circuit for the readout of large silicon photomultipliers","authors":"Luca Giangrande,&nbsp;Matthieu Heller,&nbsp;Teresa Montaruli,&nbsp;Yannick Favre","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have increasingly replaced traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in a wide range of applications, not subject to excessive radiation or extreme temperatures, due to their benefits in terms of compactness, reliability, granularity, lower operating voltage, cost-effectiveness for mass production and photodetection efficiency (PDE). However, for large-area detection systems, PMTs still remain the preferred choice due to their lower thermal noise and the shorter duration of their output signal, both of which degrade in SiPMs as the sensor size increases. Overcoming these limitations is crucial for the adoption of SiPMs in next-generation gamma-ray observatories.</div><div>We present FANSIC, a dedicated analog front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed to address these challenges and enable the high-speed readout of large-area SiPMs. Developed in 65<!--> <!-->nm CMOS technology, FANSIC features an active summation architecture that efficiently combines signals from multiple SiPM channels and mitigates the undesirable effects associated with the capacitance of large sensors. Its functional dynamic range extends up to 800 photoelectrons (p.e.), while a pulse duration of <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>ns</mi></mrow></math></span> and a post-calibration linearity better than <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>5</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> are achieved within the range of interest, which goes up to <span><math><mrow><mn>250</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>p.e. These performance are obtained while containing the power consumption to <span><math><mrow><mn>23</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>mW per pixel, making FANSIC an ideal choice for experiments in which low-power consumption is critical, like in cameras of large-scale telescopes. Designed for versatility, FANSIC offers single-ended and differential output configurations, ensuring compatibility with various digitization solutions and types of SiPMs. Extensive simulations and laboratory measurements confirm its high performance, demonstrating its potential as a key enabling technology for future Cherenkov telescopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the T-SDHCAL hadronic calorimeter for a future Higgs factory","authors":"M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;C. Combaret ,&nbsp;C. Devanne ,&nbsp;G. Garillot ,&nbsp;G. Grenier ,&nbsp;I. Laktineh ,&nbsp;L. Mirabito ,&nbsp;T. Pasquier ,&nbsp;M.C. Fouz ,&nbsp;H.J. Yang ,&nbsp;W. Wu ,&nbsp;Y. Tan ,&nbsp;Y. Baek ,&nbsp;D. Kim ,&nbsp;J. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CALICE technological RPC-based SDHCAL prototype that fulfills all the requirements of compactness, hermeticity and power budget of the future lepton accelerator experiments, has been extensively tested and has provided excellent results in terms of the energy resolution and shower separation. A new phase of R&amp;D to validate completely the SDHCAL option for the International Linear Detector (ILD) project of the ILC and also the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC and FCCee) has started with the conception and the realization of new prototypes. The new prototype proposes to exploit the excellent time resolution that can be provided by multi-gap resistive plate chamber detectors in order to better build the hadronic showers with the aim to separate close-by ones and also to single out the contribution of delayed neutrons with the purpose to improve on the Particle Flow Algorithm performances and better reconstruct the showers energy. A new technique to build multi-gap resistive plate chambers has been developed and first results confirm the excellent efficiency of the new detectors. The timing performance is under study using the PETIROC ASIC developed by the OMEGA group. The progress realized on the different aspects of the new concept will be presented and the future steps will be discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of CLLBC scintillation detector response to γ-rays and neutrons","authors":"Elias Arnqvist ,&nbsp;Stephan Oberstedt ,&nbsp;Ali Al-Adili ,&nbsp;Cristiano Lino Fontana ,&nbsp;Alessandro Borella ,&nbsp;Riccardo Rossa ,&nbsp;Wouter Geerts ,&nbsp;Miguel Macías ,&nbsp;Marzio Vidali ,&nbsp;Andreas Oberstedt ,&nbsp;Mattias Lantz","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dual-mode elpasolite scintillation material CLLBC (<span><math><mi>Cs</mi></math></span> ₂ <span><math><mi>LiLaBr</mi></math></span> _4.8 <span><math><mi>Cl</mi></math></span> _1.2:Ce) is capable of measuring both <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-rays and neutrons. The neutron detection capability spans from thermal energies up to about 10 MeV, making these detectors attractive options for studying prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS). In this work, a comprehensive characterization of CLLBC detectors is performed. Three CLLBC detectors were characterized, in addition to three <span><math><mi>LaBr</mi></math></span> ₃:Ce and two <span><math><mi>LaBr</mi></math></span> ₃:Ce,Sr for comparison. For the best-performing CLLBC detector, the results indicate an energy resolution of 3.7% at <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>662</mn></mrow></math></span> keV and an intrinsic timing resolution of 1.2 ns (FWHM) above <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span> using ⁶⁰Co. A <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-neutron separation figure-of-merit of 2.7 is obtained by means of pulse-shape discrimination. Tagged neutron time-of-flight measurements were conducted using a ²⁴¹Am⁹Be neutron source, by coincident detection of the 4.44 MeV <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray and the neutron, to determine the intrinsic neutron detection efficiency between 2–6 MeV. Neutron detection efficiencies of about 0.2% for the ⁶Li(n,t)⁴He reaction and 1% for three types of (n,n′) reactions were obtained. Two of three investigated CLLBC detectors exhibit an energy peak asymmetry, resulting in worse performance, indicating scintillator quality issues and motivating further investigation. Future studies are anticipated using the ²⁵²Cf(sf) prompt fission neutron spectrum to determine neutron efficiencies for a wider range of neutron energies. Although observed in a previous study, neutron detection via ³⁵Cl(n,p)³⁵S was not identified in this work but is planned to be determined using quasi-monoenergetic neutrons generated at the JRC MONNET facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas gaps and chambers quality control of improved Resistive Plate Chambers","authors":"M.A. Ali ,&nbsp;B. El-Mahdy ,&nbsp;F.E. Neri Huerta ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E.M. Da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;B.C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca De Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In preparation for the Phase-II upgrade for the High-Luminosity LHC program, 72 improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) will be installed in the third and fourth endcap disks of the Compact Muon Solenoid detector during the annual technical stop 2024. This new generation of RPC detectors will operate in a low-angle momentum (extending RPC coverage from pseudorapidity <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> = 1.9 to 2.4), in a high radiation environment, and will bring a better space and time resolution for this challenging region. To ensure proper performance, iRPC chambers undergo a series of quality control (QC) tests at each stage of the assembly chain. These tests include QC1 for the basic components, QC2 for chamber elements such as gaps and cooling, QC3 for evaluating the full chamber performance after production, which includes noise, efficiency, current, lastly QC4 for the final validation of the chambers. In this work we present the different QC stages and discuss test results for the newly built iRPCs at the assembly sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A camera system for real-time optical calibration of water-based neutrino telescopes","authors":"Wei Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Zhi ,&nbsp;Qiao Xue ,&nbsp;Wenlian Li ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wei ,&nbsp;Fan Hu ,&nbsp;Qichao Chang ,&nbsp;MingXin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Ziping Ye ,&nbsp;Peng Miao ,&nbsp;Xinliang Tian ,&nbsp;Jianglai Liu ,&nbsp;Donglian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calibrating the optical properties within the detection medium of a neutrino telescope is crucial for determining its angular resolution and energy scale. For the next generation of neutrino telescopes planned to be constructed in deep water, such as the TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), there are additional challenges due to the dynamic nature and potential non-uniformity of the water medium. This necessitates a real-time optical calibration system distributed throughout the large detector array. This study introduces a custom-designed CMOS camera system equipped with rapid image processing algorithms, providing a real-time optical calibration method for TRIDENT and other similar projects worldwide. In September 2021, the TRIDENT Pathfinder experiment (TRIDENT Explorer, T-REX for short) successfully deployed this camera system in the West Pacific Ocean at a depth of 3420 meters. Within 30 min, about 3000 images of the T-REX light source were captured, allowing for the in-situ measurement of seawater attenuation and absorption lengths under three wavelengths. This deep-sea experiment for the first time showcased a technical demonstration of a functioning camera calibration system in a dynamic neutrino telescope site, solidifying a substantial part of the calibration strategies for the future TRIDENT project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel ideas for CMS L1 trigger in HL-LHC using RPC ultimate timing performance","authors":"A. Cabrera ,&nbsp;E. Asilar ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E. Melo da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;B.C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca de Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;R. Gomes de Souza ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CMS RPC system has been upgraded for Phase-2 with two major projects. First is the comprehensive redesign of the Link System connecting the Front-End Boards (FEBs) of existing CMS RPC chambers to the trigger processors, which leads to the full exploitation of the intrinsic time resolution of 1.6 ns. Second is the extension of the pseudorapidity coverage by adding new chambers from <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> = 1.9 to 2.4. The newly assembled chambers utilize improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) technology, enabling signal readout from both ends of the strip for 2-dimensional hit reconstruction. Equipped with advanced electronics, iRPCs deliver hit timing with a 500 ps resolution, facilitating the development of precise Time of Flight triggers. We will discuss algorithms in which RPCs can be used as a starting point for new physics searches, given the vital role of RPC in the CMS experiment, specifically upgraded to cope with high luminosity and high number of simultaneous proton–proton collisions per bunch crossing (also called pileup) expected in the upcoming High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) phase. We aim at improving the detection efficiency of Long-lived particles (LLPs), offering a tantalizing glimpse into new physics, potentially providing clues about beyond-the-Standard-Model theories. The focus will be on one type of LLPs, the heavy stable charged particles (HSCPs) that leave traces in the muon chambers as if they were muons but with a time delay. The ultimate time resolution performance of existing RPCs and iRPCs will enhance the discovery potential of our searches in CMS for new physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miniTRASGO: A compact RPC tracker for cosmic ray studies","authors":"C. Soneira-Landín ,&nbsp;A. Blanco ,&nbsp;L.M. Fraile ,&nbsp;Juan A. Garzón ,&nbsp;G. Kornakov ,&nbsp;L. Lopes ,&nbsp;V.M. Nouvilas ,&nbsp;J.M. Udías","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miniTRASGO detector is a compact, cost-effective muon tracker designed to monitor secondary cosmic rays for studies in cosmic ray physics, solar activity, and atmospheric correlations. Built with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) and a DAQ system derived from the HADES experiment, it achieves stable detection rates and high sensitivity, highlighted by the detection of a Forbush Decrease candidate at the Madrid station (40.4 °N, 7 GV). This result highlights the detector’s reliability, even with its small active area of 0.1 m². With additional deployments in Warsaw, Puebla, and Monterrey, each located at distinct latitudes (52 °N, 19 °N, 25 °N, respectively) and characterized by varying magnetic cutoff rigidities (2.5 GV, 8.2 GV, and 8.5 GV), the miniTRASGO provides a scalable solution for establishing a global muon monitor network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}