Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of the optical model of the T2K 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector unit cube","authors":"S. Abe ,&nbsp;I. Alekseev ,&nbsp;T. Arai ,&nbsp;T. Arihara ,&nbsp;S. Arimoto ,&nbsp;N. Babu ,&nbsp;V. Baranov ,&nbsp;L. Bartoszek ,&nbsp;L. Berns ,&nbsp;S. Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;A. Blondel ,&nbsp;A.V. Boikov ,&nbsp;M. Buizza-Avanzini ,&nbsp;J. Capó ,&nbsp;J. Cayo ,&nbsp;J. Chakrani ,&nbsp;P.S. Chong ,&nbsp;A. Chvirova ,&nbsp;M. Danilov ,&nbsp;C. Davis ,&nbsp;E.D. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetized near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment has been recently upgraded aiming to satisfy the requirement of reducing the systematic uncertainty from measuring the neutrino–nucleus interaction cross section, which is the largest systematic uncertainty in the search for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation. A key component of the upgrade is SuperFGD, a 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector made of approximately 2,000,000 optically-isolated <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mtext>cm</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> cubes. The SuperFGD cube unit shows promising optical performance, including a high light yield of about 40 photoelectrons (p.e.) per channel, a low cube-to-cube crosstalk rate below 3%, and a sub-nanosecond time resolution of 0.96 ns. By combining tracking and stopping power measurements of final state particles, this novel detector enables precise 3D-imaging of GeV neutrino interactions with reduced systematic uncertainties.</div><div>A detailed Geant4 based optical simulation of the SuperFGD building block, i.e. a plastic scintillating cube read out by three wavelength shifting fibers, has been developed and validated with the different datasets collected in various beam tests. In this manuscript the description of the optical model as well as the comparison with data are reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of neutron spectral yield using Au foil based indigenous single sphere neutron spectrometer","authors":"S.P. Tripathy ,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Paul ,&nbsp;G.S. Sahoo ,&nbsp;A.A. Shanbhag ,&nbsp;P. Srinivasan ,&nbsp;P. Chaudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the neutron yield and energy distribution from the (21 MeV ¹H + ^natBe) and (20 MeV ¹H + ^natTa) systems were measured using an in-house developed high density poly-ethylene based moderation assembly and Au foils as the thermal neutron detectors. These detectors were placed at different layers of the spherical moderating assembly ensuring variable thermalisation of the fast neutrons at each location. The combined setup acts as a concentric single sphere neutron spectrometer (SSNS). The major advantage of using Au foil is its superior quantitative reproducibility and possibility of multiple spectral acquisitions considering significantly large half-life of ¹⁹⁸Au (2.69 days). The response matrix of the moderation assembly along with the Au detectors placed at various depths in the moderation assembly has been evaluated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations. Two separate unfolding approaches were used to construct the neutron spectra for both the reaction systems. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to study the effect of energy bins in the unfolded neutron spectral features and consequently on the resultant ambient dose equivalent values. For this purpose, a total of 5 different energy bins, viz. 31, 51, 71, 91 and 121 were tried out in the energy range between 0.1 MeV and 20 MeV for each unfolding method to generate the neutron spectra. The ambient dose equivalent estimates were arrived with the energy dependent neutron dose conversion coefficients and the estimated fluence spectra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance of a universal SiPM readout system for X- and gamma-ray missions","authors":"Merlin Kole ,&nbsp;Nicolas De Angelis ,&nbsp;Nicolas Produit ,&nbsp;Franck Cadoux ,&nbsp;Yannick Favre ,&nbsp;Jochen Greiner ,&nbsp;Johannes Hulsman ,&nbsp;Sebastian Kusyk ,&nbsp;Hancheng Li ,&nbsp;Dominik Rybka ,&nbsp;Jerome Stauffer ,&nbsp;Adrien Stil ,&nbsp;Jianchao Sun ,&nbsp;Jan Swakon ,&nbsp;Damian Wrobel ,&nbsp;Xin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of both multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics over the last decade has seen a large interest in the development of small-scale, cheap, and robust gamma-ray detectors. This has been further encouraged by the availability of CubeSat platforms. Of particular interest are detectors capable of producing spectral and localization measurements of X and gamma-ray transients to allow for accurate follow-up measurements at different wavelengths. A vast number of the instruments developed for such purposes in the last years use a combination of scintillators and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) for photon detection. Here, we present the design, performance, and space qualification of a readout system capable of reading out 64 SiPM channels. This low-power and low-cost system was originally designed for the POLAR-2 mission, a large scale gamma-ray polarimeter. However, its flexible design makes it equally suitable for use on various CubeSat missions. The system was found to perform well when reading out both plastic and high Z scintillators using a total of 1.8 W. The space qualified design furthermore relies on commercial off-the-shelf components, thereby also removing most international export issues. In this paper, we will present the overall design, the performance of the electronics, its performance when reading out various scintillators and the successful space-qualification of this design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could we efficiently operate 3D silicon pixel-based tracking detectors irradiated with neutron fluences up to 1⋅10181MeVneqcm−2?","authors":"A. Lampis ,&nbsp;M. Addison ,&nbsp;A. Bellora ,&nbsp;M. Boscardin ,&nbsp;A. Cardini ,&nbsp;G.M. Cossu ,&nbsp;G.F. Dalla Betta ,&nbsp;L. La Delfa ,&nbsp;A. Lai ,&nbsp;A. Loi ,&nbsp;M. Obertino ,&nbsp;S. Ronchin ,&nbsp;S. Vecchi ,&nbsp;M. Verdoglia","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future new high luminosity colliders will require exceptionally radiation tolerant detectors, in particular those that will be closer to the interaction regions, i.e. tracking and vertexing detectors. 3D trench pixel sensors developed by the TimeSPOT R&amp;D project have shown an incredible time resolution of about 10 ps and radiation hardness up to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. To push these limits further, a new irradiation campaign has recently been completed at the TRIGA Mark II Reactor at the Jožef Stefan Institute, reaching extreme fluences of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>18</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. To evaluate the post-irradiation performance, a dedicated Transient Current Technique (TCT) setup has been developed at the INFN Cagliari laboratories, employing a laser system for controlled energy deposition with a micro-metric spatial accuracy, within the sensors. The TCT characterizations show a complete recovery for the charge collection efficiency (CCE) for the <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> which is compatible to what was measured on a recently conducted beam test by using minimum ionizing particles. However, sensors irradiated to the highest fluences exhibit an incomplete recovery of CCE at the tested bias (up to 400 V) suggesting that even higher bias voltages will be necessary to optimize charge collection and detection efficiency under such extreme condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel anti-aging TBS MRPC for CBM-TOF","authors":"Ming Yao ,&nbsp;I. Deppner ,&nbsp;K. Wang ,&nbsp;W. Li ,&nbsp;Y. Zhou ,&nbsp;D. Hu ,&nbsp;Y. Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) aims to investigate the QCD phase diagram in high baryon density regions. Its Time-of-Flight (TOF) system, responsible for hadron identification, uses Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs), which are subjected to flux rates as high as 25 kHz/cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in specific regions. Under such conditions, traditional MRPCs with fishline spacers show aging effects, including increased dark current, noise, and performance degradation caused by gas ionization and deposit formation near the spacers.</div><div>This paper introduces a novel MRPC design that employs cylindrical thermal bonding spacers (TBS) instead of fishline spacers to mitigate aging effects. The TBS MRPC was produced and tested under cosmic ray conditions and X-ray irradiation. Comparative testing between the TBS and fishline MRPCs showed a notable reduction in current accumulation and stable noise levels for the TBS design. The detector achieved an efficiency of (97.30 ± 0.20)% and a time resolution of (64.54 ± 0.10) ps, satisfying the requirements of the CBM-TOF system. These results suggest that the TBS MRPC is a suitable candidate for high-rate operation in future CBM experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASHIPH Cherenkov counters in the KEDR experiment","authors":"A. Yu. Barnyakov ,&nbsp;M. Yu. Barnyakov ,&nbsp;V.S. Bobrovnikov ,&nbsp;A.R. Buzykaev ,&nbsp;A.F. Danilyuk ,&nbsp;A.A. Katcin ,&nbsp;E.A. Kravchenko ,&nbsp;S.A. Kononov ,&nbsp;I.A. Kuyanov ,&nbsp;V.M. Malyshev ,&nbsp;A.P. Onuchin ,&nbsp;I.V. Ovtin ,&nbsp;K.G. Petrukhin ,&nbsp;N.A. Podgornov ,&nbsp;O.L. Rezanova","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The particle identification system ASHIPH (Aerogel, SHIfter, PHotomultiplier) has been working in the KEDR experiment at the VEPP-4M <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> collider (Budker INP, Novosibirsk), without interventions and upgrade, since 2014. The system consists of 160 aerogel Cherenkov counters containing aerogel with refractive index of 1.05. The ASHIPH system provides <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> separation in the momentum range from 0.6 to 1.5<!--> <!-->GeV/<span><math><mi>c</mi></math></span>. The status of the system is presented. The long-term stability of aerogel counters in the KEDR experiment is studied. The use of the ASHIPH system in physics analysis is presented as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prototype of carbonless MRPC for MARQ experiment","authors":"Ming-Lee Chu ,&nbsp;Chia-Yu Hsieh ,&nbsp;Wen-Chen Chang ,&nbsp;Po-Ju Lin ,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Wu ,&nbsp;Yu-Chi Huang ,&nbsp;Natsuki Tomida ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Koike ,&nbsp;Kyotaro Nishi ,&nbsp;Teruyo Murata ,&nbsp;Rinka Tsunemitsu ,&nbsp;Masayuki Niiyama ,&nbsp;Akinori Higashi ,&nbsp;Shinrato Tanaka ,&nbsp;Keigo Mizutani ,&nbsp;Takatsugu Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The MARQ (Multi-Purpose Analyzer for Resonance and Quark Dynamics Spectrometer) experiment, an upcoming project at J-PARC in Japan, focuses on the development of two types of Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) for tracking and time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. A critical issue during MARQ MRPC development was the shortage of carbon tape used as high-voltage electrodes. To address this difficulty, a small prototype with carbonless high-voltage electrode is built. A carbonless MRPC was designed with a 1-stack, 5-gap configuration, featuring 0.26 mm gaps and a 20 cm <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 20 cm active area. The carbonless high-voltage electrodes are composed of an array of copper pads connected via 100 k<span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> resistors, serve as quenching resistors. Both high-voltage electrodes and readout strips are integrated into a single multi-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The prototype also incorporates factory-made mylar spacers to reduce the aging effects of fishing-line spacer and solid-silicon gaskets to ensure robust gas sealing. Performance was evaluated using an electron beam with a rate of approximately 10 Hz/cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, achieving around 95% efficiency and a time resolution of approximately 95 ps. However, stability remains a concern, as the efficiency decreases after two days of continuous beam operation. The suspected cause is current leakage within the multi-layer PCB. In the future, a thicker PCB will be tested to prevent the potential current leakage between high-voltage electrode and readout layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of the JNE concentrator","authors":"Shuai Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yuzi Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Aiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoyan Yang ,&nbsp;Changxu Wei ,&nbsp;Yuhao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Xue ,&nbsp;Jianmin Li ,&nbsp;Zongyi Wang ,&nbsp;Shaomin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE) will utilize approximately 3000 8-inch MCP-PMTs identified as GDB-6082 from North Night Vision Technology to detect neutrinos. To enhance the effective coverage of the JNE detector, mounting a custom-designed light concentrator on each PMT is a practical and economical approach. We measured angular responses of the concentration factor at four wavelengths in air medium for the concentrator with the selected cutoff angle of 70°. The measurements align with the Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, our results indicate that these concentrators can improve the efficiency of light collection by 40% under parallel illumination conditions. This enhancement results in a slight increase in transit-time spread, with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increasing by less than 0.3 ns. We conclude that the developed light concentrators are highly suitable for the JNE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the light output properties of organic scintillators in a neutron-scatter TOF spectrometer for improved fast neutron spectroscopy","authors":"Tzu-Hsiang Lin ,&nbsp;Hui-Yu Tsai ,&nbsp;Ming-Wei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neutron-scatter time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer, utilizing two organic scintillation detectors, enables the characterization of fast neutron spectra with a more compact setup compared to conventional TOF methods. To estimate the incident neutron energy <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> + <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub></math></span>, the energy <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of the recoil proton produced from neutron scattering on hydrogen is obtained by inverting the measured light intensity from the first detector. Meanwhile, the energy <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub></math></span> of the scattered neutron is determined using the TOF measurement between the two detectors. However, our simulations indicate that light output associated with neutron scatterings on carbon and/or sequential multiple scatterings can cause deviations when retrieving the recoil proton energy <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, leading to underestimations of the energies for some measured neutrons and distortion of the neutron spectrum, particularly in the low-energy regions. Setting appropriate discrimination thresholds for the detectors helps reject events unrelated to single neutron scattering on hydrogen, thereby improving the accuracy of the reconstructed spectrum. This improvement is verified through simulations and experimentally measured spectra for neutrons from an AmBe source with energies above 5.5 MeV. The technique is expected to facilitate the measurement of neutrons with energies above 10 MeV from an accelerator-driven source in a relatively simple and reliable manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating irradiation effects and space charge sign inversion in n-type Low Gain Avalanche Detectors","authors":"Veronika Kraus ,&nbsp;Margarita Biveinytė ,&nbsp;Marcos Fernandez Garcia ,&nbsp;Salvador Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Michael Moll ,&nbsp;Jairo Villegas ,&nbsp;Moritz Wiehe","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low Gain Avalanche Detectors built on n-type substrate (nLGADs) have been developed by IMB-CNM to enhance the detection of low-penetrating particles, with a wide range of applications from medicine, industry to synergies with developments for high-energy physics (HEP). In this work, irradiation effects on nLGADs were investigated through proton irradiation at the CERN PS-IRRAD facility up to proton fluences of 1 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10¹⁴ <!-->cm⁻². Electrical characterization before and after irradiation reveals space charge sign inversion of the n-type bulk, leading to significant modifications in the depletion behavior and electric field distribution. Utilizing UV TCT and TPA-TCT measurements, the impact of irradiation on the electric fields and the gain are studied in more detail, confirming a change of sensor depletion and a reduced electric field in the gain layer. The results suggest that donor removal in nLGADs is stronger pronounced already at lower fluences compared to acceptor removal in traditional p-type LGADs. These findings provide not only first insights into the effects of irradiation on nLGADs but also contribute to the development of methods to quantify the donor removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}