Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Test beam characterization of a digital silicon photomultiplier","authors":"Finn King,&nbsp;Inge Diehl,&nbsp;Ono Feyens ,&nbsp;Ingrid-Maria Gregor ,&nbsp;Karsten Hansen,&nbsp;Stephan Lachnit,&nbsp;Frauke Poblotzki,&nbsp;Daniil Rastorguev ,&nbsp;Simon Spannagel,&nbsp;Tomas Vanat,&nbsp;Gianpiero Vignola","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are well established as light detectors with single-photon-detection capability and used throughout high energy physics, medical, and commercial applications. The possibility to produce single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in commercial CMOS processes creates the opportunity to combine a matrix of SPADs and an application-specific integrated circuit in the same die. The potential of such digital SiPMs (dSiPMs) is still being explored, while it already is an established technology in certain applications, like light detection and ranging (LiDAR).</div><div>A prototype dSiPM, produced in the LFoundry 150-nm CMOS technology, was designed and tested at DESY. The dSiPM central part is a matrix of 32 by 32 pixels. Each pixel contains four SPADs, a digital front-end, and has an area of <span><math><mrow><mn>69</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>×</mo><mtext>76</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>µm</mtext><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The chip has four time-to-digital converters and includes further circuitry for data serialization and data links.</div><div>This work focuses on the characterization of the prototype in an electron beam at the DESY II Test Beam facility, to study its capability as a tracking and timing detector for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). The MIP detection efficiency is found to be dominated by the fill factor and on the order of 31<!--> <!-->%. The position of the impinging MIPs can be measured with a precision of about 20<!--> <!-->µm, and the time of the interaction can be measured with a precision better than 50<!--> <!-->ps for about 85<!--> <!-->% of the detected events. In addition, laboratory studies on the breakdown voltage, dark count rate, and crosstalk probability, as well as the experimental methods required for the characterization of such a sensor type in a particle beam are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a compact GAGG:Ce-SiPM based anti-coincidence detector for micro-/nano-satellites","authors":"Ge Ma ,&nbsp;Xutao Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiahuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Hao Chang ,&nbsp;Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Huaizhong Gao ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Pan ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Hua Feng ,&nbsp;Ming Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anti-coincidence detector (ACD) is essential for reducing background noise in MeV gamma-ray space missions. Existing designs using high-density scintillators such as bismuth germanate (BGO) with PMTs provide effective shielding. However, the rapid advancement of micro-/nano-satellite missions imposes stricter constraints on size and power consumption. In this paper, a compact ACD is implemented, employing gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce) scintillators and SiPMs, with special consideration of space-application requirements. GAGG:Ce is a high-density material comparable with BGO but with much higher light yield and faster decay time, mitigating detector performance degradation caused by radiation damage to SiPMs while keeping relatively low trigger thresholds in long-term space missions. In addition, a temperature compensation circuit is applied using a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor to ensure a stable gain over 5 <span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span>C to 35 <span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span>C. This compact ACD design is implemented and fully integrated into the MASS-Cube CubeSat mission, which is scheduled to launch in mid-2025, as a pathfinder for future MeV gamma-ray constellations or larger missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brand-new extremely light straw-tube detector with a nonwoven graphite-textile","authors":"H. Nishiguchi ,&nbsp;H. Danielsson ,&nbsp;E. Hamada ,&nbsp;Y. Hashimoto ,&nbsp;M. Higashide ,&nbsp;T. Nakabayashi ,&nbsp;K. Oishi ,&nbsp;K. Okabe ,&nbsp;O. Osawa ,&nbsp;M. Shoji ,&nbsp;J. Suzuki ,&nbsp;Z. Tsamalaidze ,&nbsp;N. Tsverava ,&nbsp;K. Ueno ,&nbsp;A. Paulau ,&nbsp;K. Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COMET experiment at J-PARC aims to search for a lepton-flavour violating process of muon to electron conversion, with a branching-ratio sensitivity of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The expected signal of this process is monochromatic 105 MeV single electron. To distinguish such a low energy signal, a material budget of detector is essential since the detection accuracy is primarily limited by multiple scattering. To realise the required LOW material budget, a vacuum-compatible ultra-thin-wall straw tracker, <strong>20 µm-thick Mylar straw with 70 nm Al cathode</strong>, has been developed employing ultrasonic-welding technique. This was reported in VCI2016, and the detector performances such as detection efficiency and intrinsic spacial resolutions were reported in VCI2019. In parallel to 20 µm straw production, further thinner straw, <em>ie.</em> <strong>12 µm-thick</strong>, was developed for the COMET upgrade (COMET Phase-II). Details of R&amp;D on 12 µm straw were reported in VCI2022.</div><div>In the process of developing the 12 µm straw, it became clear that it would be fundamentally difficult to make it any thinner using the current straw manufacturing method based on ultrasonic welding. Our R&amp;D showed that the limit is around 10–12 µm. Then, the brand-new extremely light straw was developed with <strong>a nonwoven graphite-textile</strong>. This was enabled by a collaboration with the nano-tech textile science.</div><div>In this article, detailed R&amp;D of the brand-new nonwoven graphite straw will be presented, in addition to the current status of straw-tube tracker construction for the COMET experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spyral: A scalable analysis framework for Active-Target Time Projection Chamber data","authors":"Gordon W. McCann,&nbsp;Nathan Turi,&nbsp;Daniel Bazin,&nbsp;Till Schaeffeler,&nbsp;Michael Z. Serikow,&nbsp;Pranjal Singh,&nbsp;Daniela Ramirez Chavez","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) data is a complex operation that requires sophisticated algorithms that need to adapt to various non-uniform datasets. This article describes a new analysis framework called <span>Spyral</span> that leverages the powerful tools provided by the Python environment, while remaining flexible and accessible to new users and offering scalable performance on high performance computing platforms. The processes followed to analyze the data are described, and the quality of the results obtained are checked against previously existing analysis software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the methods of coordinate transfer of dual-laser-tracker system in the confined space of particle accelerator","authors":"Qiuyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wang ,&nbsp;Enchen Wu ,&nbsp;Yiliang Lin ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaoye He","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the practical application scenarios of particle accelerators and other large scientific devices, such as limited visibility and narrow space, this paper realises the collocation of the laser beam baselines of the two instruments through the target sphere magnetically attached to the measuring head of the laser tracking instrument, and constructs a solution model for the transfer of the coordinate system. Two methods are proposed: First, a gravity-based coordinate system is constructed to establish alignment with the horizontal plane, enabling instrument orientation solely through mutual observations without the use of common points. Second, under the unlevelled condition, the observation equations are constructed by calibrating or eliminating the initial position of the probe target sphere, and the unification of the coordinate system is achieved by combining the common point constraints in the middle field of view. This paper takes the connection between the particle accelerator experimental hall and the storage ring control network through the viewing hole as the application scenario, and conducts relevant experimental verification. The results show that at a distance of 8 m, the difference in rotation angle between the gravity coordinate system method and the traditional common point conversion is less than 0.004°, and the point root mean square (RMS) accuracy is 0.271 mm. The difference in the three-axis rotation angle under the unlevelled condition is less than 0.005°, and the point RMS is 0.259 mm and 0.224 mm, respectively. Both methods can achieve high accuracy coordinate transfer and have certain engineering application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of an atmospheric muon tomographer for material identification based on CORSIKA+ GEANT4 simulations","authors":"J.A. Rengifo,&nbsp;J.L. Bazo","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, muon tomography has appeared as a powerful and innovative technique for non-invasive imaging of both large and small structures, with applications in different fields such as geology, archeology and security. This study presents the design and simulation of a portable, easy-to-construct detector based on plastic scintillators and silicon photomultipliers using current technology. The cosmic ray flux reaching the Earth’s atmosphere was input to CORSIKA to simulate atmospheric muons and other secondary particles at ground level. The detector and the target object geometry and materials were simulated using GEANT4, transporting the previously generated muon flux. Two muon tomography methods, based on data on muon absorption or scattering, were employed to distinguish objects composed of different materials. Statistical differences were quantified for various object sizes and materials. Using a 3 <span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span> threshold in the first method, it was determined that objects made of lead can be distinguished from those made of other materials. The observation times required to differentiate an object made of lead from one made of aluminum were <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> days and <span><math><mrow><mn>9</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span> days for the first and second methods, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of electron beam irradiation station for FLASH experiments at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory","authors":"Kanlayaporn Kongmali ,&nbsp;Sakhorn Rimjaem","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) delivers ultra-high dose-rate radiation, enabling effective tumor treatment while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Implementing this technique requires precise control of electron beam parameters and dose uniformity. This work presents the development of an electron beam irradiation station at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL), which was structured in four key stages: conceptual design, simulation-based evaluation, physical implementation, and experimental verification. The conceptual design involved the selection of beamline components, diagnostic layout, and irradiation system architecture. Beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA and Monte Carlo simulations using GEANT4 were performed to optimize beam transport, evaluate interactions with a titanium window, and assess the effectiveness of aluminum flattening filters in achieving uniform dose distributions. Thermal effects from energy deposition in the flattening filter were also analyzed to guide cooling system design. In the implementation stage, the station was constructed with integrated diagnostics, including a dipole magnet and a Faraday cup for energy measurement and a high-resolution current transformer for charge diagnostics. Systematic errors in beam energy measurement were quantified at 3.3%–3.5%, and the CT achieved a bunch charge resolution of 1–2 pC. The experimental verification included calibration of beam diagnostics, beam alignment, and initial system commissioning. While the system demonstrates high precision and dose uniformity, further work is required to evaluate biological effects in FLASH experiments. Future research will focus on real-time dosimetry integration, biological studies, and system automation to further enhance its capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170875"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the temperature characteristics of a laser heating furnace for neutron scattering experiments at CSNS","authors":"Linjin Deng ,&nbsp;Hui Cheng ,&nbsp;Fan Ye ,&nbsp;Shiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Rongfeng Li ,&nbsp;Chenyang Wang ,&nbsp;Bao Yuan ,&nbsp;Bo Bai ,&nbsp;Mengjia Dou ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Jixin Chen ,&nbsp;Haitao Hu ,&nbsp;Xin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser heating provides an ideal method for achieving ultra-high temperatures for the samples. The reduced experimental heating times, the increased maximum operation temperature as compared to metal foil furnaces, meet the demands for higher temperature sample environments. Moreover, the achievable rapid temperature changes reduce the ramping times during the experiments, thereby enhancing the utilization rate of neutrons. This paper shows the design of a neutron scattering laser heating system for China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) and describes the construction of a laser heating experimental platform based on a general-purpose laboratory furnace. In this study, directional heating experiments on tantalum rods in a vacuum environment were conducted using dual-side fiber lasers in the laser furnace. The dependence relationship between laser power and the maximal temperature ramp rate, the minimal stabilization time and the maximal temperature was studied. Analysis using a finite element model verified by experiments indicates that reducing the laser incidence angle can effectively enhance the uniformity of the temperature field in the sample. This finding provides an important theoretical basis for the optimization of laser heating equipment. The results reveal the intrinsic relationship between laser parameters and sample conditions, offering guidance for the performance optimization of future laser furnaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of bunch destruction under resonant excitation of the plasma wakefield","authors":"I.V. Demydenko ,&nbsp;V.I. Maslov ,&nbsp;I.M. Onishchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma wakefield acceleration offers a compact and efficient method for generating high-brightness relativistic electron beams. Applications such as free-electron lasers and particle colliders demand high-quality bunches with stable, predictable profiles. However, previous studies have shown that a resonant sequence of electron bunches, where the spacing matches the plasma wavelength is prone to longitudinal instability, leading to progressive bunch destruction by gradual defocusing. In this work, we analyse the underlying mechanism of this instability, which arises from a phase shift between the bunch and the wake radial focusing force <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> during the system’s evolution. We propose and validate, both numerically and analytically, a method to suppress the instability by shifting all bunches relative to the first into regions of the wakefield where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is focusing and longitudinal derivative <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>∂</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> is maximized, ensuring stable propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and initial performance of the beam stop for the first spoke section of the ESS superconducting proton linac","authors":"E.M. Donegani ,&nbsp;A. Gevorgyan ,&nbsp;J. Herranz ,&nbsp;A. Olsson ,&nbsp;J. Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design and initial performance of the Insertable Beam Stop (IBS) for the first Spoke (SPK1) section of the ESS superconducting linac are presented. The device was designed, manufactured, tested and installed in order to dump the high-power proton beam of the ESS linac within the first ESS SPK section. The design was optimized and validated via thermomechanical simulations in order to dump [40, 100] MeV protons, proton pulses up to <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> long, repetition rates up to 14 Hz and proton beam current up to 62.5 mA. The volumetric power density was computed to be 35 MW/cm³ maximum after the minimum proton energy. The thermomechanical calculations predicted in the most demanding conditions a peak temperature of around 500 °C in the graphite core and of around 400 °C in the entrance window. Radiation transport calculations were performed with MCNP, CINDER’90 and Attila4MC in order to select materials that minimize the activation of the IBS in the first instance. In particular, for the first time for the ESS linac simulations, Attila4MC and MCNP6 allowed the simulation of the actual CAD models and the calculation of particle fluxes within unstructured meshes, as necessary for the complex linac geometries.</div><div>The assembly of the IBS, the acceptance tests, the metrology measurements, the motion tests and the installation were all performed in a cleanroom (class ISO-5). This ensured that no particles were introduced into the vacuum system before the installation of the beam stop in the vicinity of superconducting cavities of the ESS linac. The control system for the operation under vacuum, the motion, the water cooling system, and the monitoring of the temperature on the entrance surface is based on EPICS. The initial performance of the IBS is summarized as it was achievable during the ESS linac commissioning in spring 2025, when it was possible for the first time to perform measurements in the ESS SCL with the probe beam (6 mA, <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>, 1 Hz). In particular for the IBS, the measurements of the temperature with the IBS thermocouples, the vacuum levels in the IBS vessel and the residual gamma dose rates are reported. The simulations, manufacturing, brazing, tests and installation procedures and operational data will be useful for future design of beam-interceptive devices for the ESS superconducting linac.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}