Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Development of deep neural network first-level hardware track trigger for the Belle II experiment","authors":"Y.-X. Liu ,&nbsp;T. Koga ,&nbsp;H. Bae ,&nbsp;Y. Yang ,&nbsp;C. Kiesling ,&nbsp;F. Meggendorfer ,&nbsp;K. Unger ,&nbsp;S. Hiesl ,&nbsp;T. Forsthofer ,&nbsp;A. Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Y. Ahn ,&nbsp;T. Ferber ,&nbsp;I. Haide ,&nbsp;G. Heine ,&nbsp;C.-L. Hsu ,&nbsp;A. Little ,&nbsp;H. Nakazawa ,&nbsp;M. Neu ,&nbsp;L. Reuter ,&nbsp;V. Savinov ,&nbsp;Z. Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB accelerator is designed to explore physics beyond the Standard Model with unprecedented luminosity. As the beam intensity increased, the experiment faced significant challenges due to higher beam-induced background, leading to a high trigger rate and placing limitations on further luminosity increases. To address this problem, we developed trigger logic for tracking using deep neural network (DNN) technology on an FPGA for the Belle II hardware trigger system, employing high-level synthesis techniques. By leveraging drift time and hit pattern information from the Central Drift Chamber and incorporating a simplified self-attention architecture, the DNN track trigger significantly improves track reconstruction performance at the hardware level. Compared to the existing neural track trigger, our implementation reduces the total track trigger rate by 37% while improving average efficiency for the signal tracks from 96% to 98% for charged tracks with transverse momentum <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->GeV. This upgrade ensures the long-term viability of the Belle II data acquisition system as luminosity continues to increase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High efficiency electron–positron pair spectrometer for the study of light bosons","authors":"N.J. Sas ,&nbsp;A.J. Krasznahorkay ,&nbsp;M. Csatlos ,&nbsp;L. Csige ,&nbsp;J. Molnar ,&nbsp;Z. Pintye ,&nbsp;S. Czellár","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new e<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>e<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> pair spectrometer was developed having six particle telescopes in a close geometry with a total solid angle of about 20% of 4<span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span>. Each telescope consists of two layers of thin, position-sensitive silicon detectors and a large plastic scintillator to identify and track the electrons and positrons, as well as to measure their kinetic energies. The spectrometer was calibrated with selected nuclear reactions [¹⁹F(p, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>)¹⁶O, ⁷Li(p, <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>)⁸Be, ¹¹B(p, <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>)¹²C] producing e<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>e<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> pairs by internal pair creation, and the results were compared to Monte Carlo simulations performed with <span>geant4</span>. Compared to the previous spectrometers constructed at ATOMKI to study the X17 anomaly, the background induced by cosmic rays was reduced by about a factor of 12, while the <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray–related background decreased by roughly a factor of two due to the implementation of particle tracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the SiPiC payload for photon detection from space","authors":"Lucas Finazzi ,&nbsp;Leandro Gagliardi ,&nbsp;Alexis Luszczak ,&nbsp;Felipe Soriano ,&nbsp;Marco Antonio Mecha ,&nbsp;Gabriel Sanca ,&nbsp;Federico Golmar","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the SiPiC (SiPM Pinhole Camera) Payload is detailed. This Payload will be integrated into Atenea, a 12U CubeSat that will be part of NASA’s ARTEMIS II mission and will operate at different altitudes for a period of 20 h. The SiPiC Payload has two main objectives: To perform an in-orbit validation of the new generation of PC104-compliant LabOSat subsystems and to test Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) as visible light sensors for stimuli originating from Earth. In this regard, this instrument serves as a technological demonstration of SiPMs as visual light receptors at different altitudes and is a pathfinder for Visual Light Communications between Earth and a satellite using SiPM technology. Preliminary measurements of the Payload’s operational capabilities are performed and discussed. These include payload telemetry analysis, Field-of-View tests for the Earth imaging SiPM subsystem, and performance evaluations of the new LabOSat modules for known devices under test. The measured Angular Field of View (AFOV) for the light gathering SiPM subsystem is <span><math><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>, which results in a FOV with a characteristic size of <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>4330</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>350</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> km on the surface of the Earth at 40<!--> <!-->000 km altitude and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>54</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> km at 500 km altitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and testing of two-dimensional Micro-Edge Gas Chamber (2D-MEGC)","authors":"F. Mohammadbaghery ,&nbsp;S. Saramad ,&nbsp;M. Shamsaei ,&nbsp;H. Rahimpour","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2023.168603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2023.168603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes using silver flat ribbon cable to fabricate a new type of position-sensitive gaseous detector. This structure consists of a thin conductive silver of flat ribbon cable (anodes) and thicker copper sheets (cathodes) separated by a plastic insulator. To fix the position of the anodes and the cathodes, a holder compressed the layers. The layers are cut from the edges and polished at several steps to have a smooth surface. These arrays of anodes and cathodes, created by the proposed method, act as a two-dimensional position-sensitive proportional detector. Applying a suitable voltage between the anodes and cathodes produces a strong electric field near the vicinity of the anodes. This electric field multiplies primary electrons generated by ionizing radiation. The experimental results show that for the proposed two Dimensional Micro Edge Gas Chamber (2D-MEGC), at HV1 = 350 with the gas mixture of (Ar 85 % - CO2 15 %), the maximum multiplication factor without electric discharge is around 250. All pixels were separately connected to the preamplifier-amplifier setup to test the position sensitivity of 2D-MEGC. As expected for a non-collimated alpha source, the maximum recorded interactions are related to the closest pixel to the radioactive source. The Raether limit is a good benchmark concerning the quality of fabricated gaseous detectors. In the best design conditions, this value for Micro Strip Gas Chamber (MSGCs) is 4 × 10⁷. For the fabricated 2D-MEGC, this number is 2.5 × 10⁷. This result shows that the proposed 2D-MEGC performs well despite its simple structure and fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 168603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Monte Carlo-based egs_brachy simulations for HDR brachytherapy: A comparative study with Oncentra TPS and radiochromic film measurements","authors":"I. Rouzi ,&nbsp;H. Sekkat ,&nbsp;R. Sebihi ,&nbsp;A. Nourreddine","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate dose calculation is essential in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has become a key tool for validating treatment planning system (TPS) algorithms. This study aims to evaluate the egs_brachy application of the EGSnrc code for HDR brachytherapy by comparing its dosimetric results with those of the Oncentra Brachy TPS and independent radiochromic film measurements. Six scenarios, including controlled single- and multi-dwell configurations as well as a clinical endometrial brachytherapy geometry, were simulated using a detailed model of the ¹⁹²Ir Flexisource. Simulations were performed in a 30 × 30 × 30 cm³ water phantom using 10⁸ particle histories. Dose distributions were compared against TPS calculations based on the TG-43 formalism and experimental verification was performed using calibrated EBT3 films analyzed after 48 h of stabilization. Evaluation metrics included point-dose differences, isodose overlays and a gamma analysis with 3 %/3 mm criteria. Across all configurations, egs_brachy demonstrated promising agreement with TPS results, with relative differences typically below 5 %, and reproduced the expected effects of dwell-time modulation. Gamma analysis showed concordance between MC simulations and film measurements, with γ ≤ 1 for all clinically relevant regions. These findings confirm that egs_brachy provides accurate and reliable dose calculations for HDR brachytherapy and is a robust platform for validating and improving TPS-based dose computations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the infrared free electron laser (IR-FEL) at RRCAT","authors":"Sona Chandran ,&nbsp;R.S. Saini ,&nbsp;Shankar Lal ,&nbsp;Tushar Dave ,&nbsp;Bhaskar Biswas ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar ,&nbsp;Umesh Kale ,&nbsp;Saket Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Shilpam Sharma ,&nbsp;Anudeep Singh ,&nbsp;K.K. Pant ,&nbsp;Vinit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), India, operates in an oscillator configuration and provides continuously tunable radiation in the 12.5–50 μm wavelength range, enabling diverse applications in materials science, biomedical imaging and spectroscopy. The first lasing was achieved in 2018 at 34 μm, marking India's first successful FEL operation. Following a major upgrade of the injector and optical transport system in 2019, the machine achieved saturated lasing at 28 μm in March 2020. The IR-FEL now operates as a user facility with stable and repeatable performance, delivering up to 7 mW CW out-coupled power at the user stations and full wavelength tunability. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental characterization of the IR-FEL, focusing on electron beam parameters, optical beam quality and lasing dynamics. The results are compared with the FEL design simulations to evaluate the performance and guide future optimization. The measured small-signal gain, start-up time, energy spread and output power show overall good agreement with theoretical predictions, though some deviations, particularly in the detuning curve and cavity loss, open areas for future investigation through FEL simulations using the measured beam parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking fast-neutron response of 7Li-enriched C7LYC scintillators: Simulations and experiment","authors":"S. Saha ,&nbsp;P. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;T. Brown ,&nbsp;E. Doucet ,&nbsp;M. Devlin ,&nbsp;N. D’Olympia ,&nbsp;N. Fotiades ,&nbsp;C. Morse ,&nbsp;G.L. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New insights into the fast neutron response of ⁷Li-enriched C⁷LYC scintillators have been obtained through detailed Geant4 simulations of ³⁵Cl(n,p) and ³⁵Cl(n, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) reactions that are primarily responsible for the fast neutron response of C⁷LYC. The light output of a 1”<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>1” C⁷LYC detector was simulated using the Birks equation for light quenching in scintillators. The simulations were benchmarked against neutron scattering data from a ¹²C target obtained with a white neutron beam at the Los Alamos LANSCE facility and fourteen 1”x1” C⁷LYC detectors. Incident neutron energies extracted from time-of-flight measurements, and appropriate recoil corrections for the different detector angles were used to map the response of C⁷LYC to mono-energetic neutrons. Resonances in the ³⁵Cl(n,p) reaction cross-section below 3 MeV incident neutron energy were directly observed in C⁷LYC. The experimental data and simulations are compared with ENDF databases, as well as recent direct cross-section measurements of neutrons scattered from a ³⁵Cl target. The results suggest a scrutiny of the ³⁵Cl(n,p) and ³⁵Cl(n, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) cross sections at low energy in the ENDF library.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of the Birks’ coefficient of GAGG: Ce using hard X-rays","authors":"Merlin Kole ,&nbsp;Nicolas De Angelis","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inorganic scintillators continue to be widely used within astrophysical X-ray and gamma-ray detectors. This is in part thanks to the development of new scintillators, such as GAGG:Ce, as well as the availability of new scintillator readout sensors such as Silicon Photomultipliers and Silicon Drift Detectors. In order to use such scintillator materials for spectrometry or polarimetry, a detailed understanding of their response is important. One parameter that can affect the scintillator performance, particularly at lower photon energies, is their Birks’ coefficient, which correlates the relative light yield to the ionization energy density. While for many high-Z inorganic scintillators this effect can be ignored, for GAGG:Ce this appears to not be the case. Here we provide a measurement of the Birks’ coefficient for GAGG:Ce using data from a detector irradiated in the 20–80 keV energy range at the LARIX-A X-ray beam in Ferrara, Italy. While the effects due to Birks’ law are visible below 30 keV, they also significantly influence the performance of GAGG:Ce performance near one of the K-edges, affecting both the measured gain and the energy resolution. Here, we use beam test data to derive the Birks’ coefficient from GAGG:Ce. The results indicate that for usage in hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray missions, this coefficient has a significant effect on the measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a phase reference line system for Super Tau-Charm Facility storage ring","authors":"Hongjin Wang,&nbsp;Tengjun Guo,&nbsp;Ziyu Xiong,&nbsp;Qing Luo,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Zeran Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the ongoing advancements in particle physics, increasingly stringent requirements have been imposed on the luminosity and energy of particle colliders. China is currently developing a next-generation collider known as the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF). To ensure that positrons and electrons collide as designed, the RF system of the STCF storage ring requires a highly stable phase reference line system to deliver low-drift signals to dozens of RF clients across its dual storage rings. This paper presents a dual-fiber phase reference distribution system based on continuous-wave laser carrier transmission. The system allows for the flexible configuration of multiple receivers based on actual operational needs, and the dual-fiber design effectively suppresses signal jitter degradation while ensuring long-distance, low-drift signal transmission. The overall system architecture is described in detail, and a prototype comprising one transmitter and two receivers has been developed for experimental validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the additional phase noise of the 499.7 MHz RF signal after 100 m of transmission is 33 fs. In transmission experiments over distances of 50 m and 100 m between the transmitter and the two receivers, the long-term phase drift between the two output ports remained stable at 23 fs RMS over five days of continuous testing. These results confirm that the proposed system meets the phase reference line requirements of the STCF storage ring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The TOF spectrometer for photoneutron measurement at SLEGS","authors":"Kai-Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Long-Xiang Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zi-Rui Hao ,&nbsp;Hang-Hua Xu ,&nbsp;Qian-Kun Sun ,&nbsp;Sheng Jin ,&nbsp;Yu-Xuan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Cai Li ,&nbsp;Pu Jiao ,&nbsp;Meng-Die Zhou ,&nbsp;Meng-Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Long Shen ,&nbsp;Gong-Tao Fan ,&nbsp;Hong-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Gang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Above the neutron separation energy, photon absorption is dominated by the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR), which is the dominant mechanism for incident <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-rays energies typically exceeding 10 MeV. This absorption leads to highly excited compound nuclei that decay predominantly through neutron emission, resulting in the formation of daughter nuclei. Subsequent de-excitation of these daughters via <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-rays cascades to low-lying states offers valuable insights into nuclear structure. The SLEGS Time-Of-Flight (TOF) spectrometer which consists of twenty neutron liquid Scintillators (EJ301), covering a total solid angle of 0.1126 sr - approximately 0.9% of the full <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span> sphere and eight <figure><img></figure> <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-rays detectors, covering a total solid angle of 0.4054 sr - approximately 3.2% of the full <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span> sphere, has been constructed and tested in both offline and online experiments. The experimental result shows that the total absolute <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-rays detection efficiency is 1.15%@1332<!--> <!-->keV with an efficiency stability 5.8%, the total absolute neutron detection efficiency is 0.31%@2.13MeV with an efficiency stability 1.3%. The energy resolution for neutrons is approximately 8.5%@4<!--> <!-->MeV. To evaluate the performance of the setup and validate the data analysis procedures, an online coincidence measurement of the reaction <figure><img></figure> was performed using approximately 13<!--> <!-->MeV quasi-monochromatic <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> rays from the SLEGS beamline. The measurement revealed features consistent with a high level density and the presence of multiple rotational bands in <figure><img></figure> , while also verifying the stable operation of the spectrometer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}