Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Novel ideas for CMS L1 trigger in HL-LHC using RPC ultimate timing performance","authors":"A. Cabrera ,&nbsp;E. Asilar ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E. Melo da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;B.C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca de Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;R. Gomes de Souza ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CMS RPC system has been upgraded for Phase-2 with two major projects. First is the comprehensive redesign of the Link System connecting the Front-End Boards (FEBs) of existing CMS RPC chambers to the trigger processors, which leads to the full exploitation of the intrinsic time resolution of 1.6 ns. Second is the extension of the pseudorapidity coverage by adding new chambers from <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> = 1.9 to 2.4. The newly assembled chambers utilize improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) technology, enabling signal readout from both ends of the strip for 2-dimensional hit reconstruction. Equipped with advanced electronics, iRPCs deliver hit timing with a 500 ps resolution, facilitating the development of precise Time of Flight triggers. We will discuss algorithms in which RPCs can be used as a starting point for new physics searches, given the vital role of RPC in the CMS experiment, specifically upgraded to cope with high luminosity and high number of simultaneous proton–proton collisions per bunch crossing (also called pileup) expected in the upcoming High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) phase. We aim at improving the detection efficiency of Long-lived particles (LLPs), offering a tantalizing glimpse into new physics, potentially providing clues about beyond-the-Standard-Model theories. The focus will be on one type of LLPs, the heavy stable charged particles (HSCPs) that leave traces in the muon chambers as if they were muons but with a time delay. The ultimate time resolution performance of existing RPCs and iRPCs will enhance the discovery potential of our searches in CMS for new physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miniTRASGO: A compact RPC tracker for cosmic ray studies","authors":"C. Soneira-Landín ,&nbsp;A. Blanco ,&nbsp;L.M. Fraile ,&nbsp;Juan A. Garzón ,&nbsp;G. Kornakov ,&nbsp;L. Lopes ,&nbsp;V.M. Nouvilas ,&nbsp;J.M. Udías","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miniTRASGO detector is a compact, cost-effective muon tracker designed to monitor secondary cosmic rays for studies in cosmic ray physics, solar activity, and atmospheric correlations. Built with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) and a DAQ system derived from the HADES experiment, it achieves stable detection rates and high sensitivity, highlighted by the detection of a Forbush Decrease candidate at the Madrid station (40.4 °N, 7 GV). This result highlights the detector’s reliability, even with its small active area of 0.1 m². With additional deployments in Warsaw, Puebla, and Monterrey, each located at distinct latitudes (52 °N, 19 °N, 25 °N, respectively) and characterized by varying magnetic cutoff rigidities (2.5 GV, 8.2 GV, and 8.5 GV), the miniTRASGO provides a scalable solution for establishing a global muon monitor network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMS RPC efficiency studies using Tag-and-Probe method in LHC Run 3","authors":"J. Shin ,&nbsp;S. Yang ,&nbsp;J. Goh ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E.M. Da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca De Souza ,&nbsp;R. Gomes De Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CMS experiment is collecting data on proton–proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV in LHC Run 3. The RPC detector is one of the sub-detectors of the CMS muon system which is capable of triggering and reconstructing muons. In this paper, efficiency of the CMS RPC detector during the Run 3 data taking period is presented. The Tag-and-Probe method with the decay of the Z boson to two muons was used in measuring the efficiency of the operating RPC detector. The efficiency is derived from the matching of RPC hits with probe muons extrapolated to the RPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying inhomogneities in heterogeneous nuclear fuel pellets by neutron resonance transmission analysis","authors":"G. Noguere ,&nbsp;C. Paradela ,&nbsp;S. Kopecky ,&nbsp;P. Schillebeeckx","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhomogeneities in nuclear fuel in which burnable poison are incorporated can induce sizeable effects on neutronic parameters such as the reactivity loss as a function of nuclear fuel burnup. These inhomogeneities can be identified using non-destructive analysis techniques. Measurements carried out at the GELINA facility (JRC-Geel, Belgium) on enriched UO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>–Gd<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> fuel pellets have confirmed that Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) can be a non-destructive testing method suitable for studying heterogeneous materials and highlighting inhomogeneities on the scale of several tens of microns in sintered pellets. The performances of the NRTA was studied thanks to a Monte-Carlo model relying on an analytical particle self-shielded correction factor proposed by Doub.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical characterization of UV-transmitting acrylics for the Hyper-Kamiokande multi-PMT module","authors":"Alan Cosimo Ruggeri ,&nbsp;Riccardo Funari ,&nbsp;Deborah Katia Pallotti ,&nbsp;Antonio Di Nitto ,&nbsp;Bartolomeo Della Ventura ,&nbsp;Aurora Langella ,&nbsp;Lucas Nascimiento Machado ,&nbsp;Davide Bianco ,&nbsp;Luigi Lavitola ,&nbsp;Alfonso Boiano ,&nbsp;Alessandro Di Nola ,&nbsp;Maria De Luca ,&nbsp;Ciro Riccio ,&nbsp;Raffaele Velotta ,&nbsp;Pasqualino Maddalena ,&nbsp;Gianfranca De Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hyper-K project aims to construct a large-volume underground water Cherenkov detector to address unresolved questions in fundamental particle physics. The Hyper-Kamiokande far detector (HK) will incorporate various types of photodetectors, among which the multi-photomultiplier tube (mPMT) optical module providing critical directional information. To house the electronics and photodetectors, the mPMT vessel must meet specific criteria: (i) transparency in the visible and ultraviolet ranges, covering the spectrum of Cherenkov photons; (ii) an airtight seal to maintain optimal functionality in a dry, controlled environment; and (iii) resilience to the hydrostatic pressure of the HK water tank, which reaches 0.8 MPa. While glass has traditionally been used to fulfill these requirements, its intrinsic radioactivity may compromise the sensitivity of Hyper-K measurements. Acrylic that is transparent, impermeable and robust, by contrast, offers the advantage of a low-radioactivity. Optical characterizations were performed on various acrylic samples, revealing that optical performance is influenced not only by the material composition but also by the production processes used to achieve different thicknesses. Our findings support the use of acrylic as a viable alternative, but it is essential to rigorously monitor the material’s performance during mass production to ensure optimal and uniform detector performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the simulation of electron beam transport in the double alpha magnet compressor of a 17-MeV electron accelerator using CST PS, TraceWin and RF-Track.✩","authors":"Abel Pires ,&nbsp;Vincent Le Flanchec ,&nbsp;A.-S. Chauchat ,&nbsp;Nicolas Delerue","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ELSA facility is a 30 MeV electron accelerator with a double alpha magnet compressor positioned between two acceleration stages. Optimizing beam transport and determining the emittance limits of this device are key to the future development of the inverse Compton X-ray source developed on ELSA, making accurate simulations —along with a thorough understanding of their assumptions and limitations— essential. Three different codes, namely CST PS, TraceWin and RF-Track, each based on different principles, have been compared in the specific case of relativistic electron bunches with short curvature radii trajectories in the alpha magnet compressor. Since CST PS and RF-Track make calculations in the laboratory frame while TraceWin works in the bunch reference frame, a direct comparison could not be achieved directly. It was enabled through the development of a robust numerical method that derives phase space and emittance in the bunch frame from the positions and momenta of the particles in the laboratory frame (as exported from CST PS and RF-Track). This method is fully described in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"iRPC Front End electronics cooling system in CMS","authors":"O. Kemularia ,&nbsp;M. Gouzevitch ,&nbsp;M. Tytgat ,&nbsp;K. Mota Amarilo ,&nbsp;A. Samalan ,&nbsp;K. Skovpen ,&nbsp;G.A. Alves ,&nbsp;E. Alves Coelho ,&nbsp;F. Marujo da Silva ,&nbsp;M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ,&nbsp;E.M. Da Costa ,&nbsp;D. De Jesus Damiao ,&nbsp;B.C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;S. Fonseca De Souza ,&nbsp;L. Mundim ,&nbsp;H. Nogima ,&nbsp;J.P. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;A. Santoro ,&nbsp;M. Thiel ,&nbsp;R. Gomes De Souza ,&nbsp;J. Eysermans","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of the High-Luminosity upgrade of LHC, the CMS Muon spectrometer is undergoing a series of upgrade projects,in particular the addition of four new stations featuring improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC), which will cover the pseudo-rapidity range from 1.8 to 2.4. A new Front-End Board (FEB) is designed to read iRPC signals with a very low threshold and a Time Digital Converter (TDC) embedded into a Cyclone V INTEL FPGA with a resolution of 30 ps and a sampling of 100 MHz. In contrast to the previous RPC boards, this one produces 21–22 W of heat in a confined space that needs to be carefully evacuated. A cheap and robust cooling system was designed on the basis of a copper plate and water cooling. This system was first simulated with a Computational Fluid Dynamics package, Ansys Fluent, and then optimized with thermal measurements. In this paper, the system and its prominent features are described. A quantitative comparison between the experimental measurements in the laboratory and the simulation is provided to demonstrate the robustness of this simple cooling system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a high-fidelity full-spectrum Monte Carlo model for the Swiss airborne gamma-ray spectrometry system","authors":"David Breitenmoser ,&nbsp;Alberto Stabilini ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Magdalena Kasprzak ,&nbsp;Sabine Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne Gamma-Ray Spectrometry (AGRS) is a critical tool for radiological emergency response, enabling the rapid identification and quantification of hazardous terrestrial radionuclides over large areas. However, existing calibration methods are limited to only a few gamma-ray sources, excluding most radionuclides released in severe nuclear accidents and nuclear weapon detonations, which compromises effective response and accurate risk assessments in such incidents. Here, we present a high-fidelity Monte Carlo model that overcomes these limitations, offering full-spectrum calibration for any gamma-ray source. Unlike previous approaches, our model integrates a detailed mass model of the aircraft and a calibrated non-proportional scintillation model, enabling accurate event-by-event predictions of the spectrometer’s response to arbitrarily complex gamma-ray fields. Validation measurements in near-, mid-, and far-field scenarios demonstrate that the developed model not only effectively addresses the large deficiencies of previous approaches, but also achieves the accuracy and precision required to supersede traditional empirical calibration methods. These results mark a major advancement in AGRS. The developed calibration methodology not only allows for the generation of high-fidelity spectral signatures for any gamma-ray source, but also reduces calibration time and costs, minimizes reliance on high-intensity calibration sources, and eliminates the generation of related radioactive waste. The approach presented here serves as a critical step toward integrating advanced full-spectrum data reduction methods for AGRS, which could unlock promising new capabilities for these systems beyond emergency response, including the quantification of the cosmic-ray flux in the atmosphere for geophysical research and the identification of trace-level airborne radionuclides in nuclear security applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of F- impurities formation in ALICE MID RPC detectors: A comparison between LHC RUN2 and LHC RUN3","authors":"Mattia Verzeroli ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Arena ,&nbsp;Alessandro Ferretti ,&nbsp;Martino Gagliardi ,&nbsp;Roberto Guida ,&nbsp;Beatrice Mandelli ,&nbsp;Luca Quaglia ,&nbsp;Gianluca Rigoletti ,&nbsp;Livia Terlizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ALICE Muon Identifier (MID) system consists of 72 single-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors, operated with a gas mixture of C<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>F<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, iC<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>H₁₀, and SF<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> at a ratio of 89.7%/10%/0.3%, along with 37% of relative humidity. The combined effects of background irradiation and the electric field within the detector’s gas gap, together with the high concentration of fluorinated gases used, result in the production of F<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> ions and F-based impurities. During LHC RUN2, a preliminary setup was installed to monitor the formation of these impurities, which could lead to the formation of hydrofluoric acid, damaging the detectors and the gas system irreparably (Abbrescia et al. 2008). This setup successfully demonstrated the production of F<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and other impurities, and the purifier’s capability to trap them, ensuring the feasibility of operating the gas system in recirculation mode. During LHC LS2, the set up was improved and was commissioned for the restart of LHC RUN3. It consists of a gas chromatograph to monitor the correct composition of the gas mixture and an Ion Selective Electrode setup to measure the F<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> concentration.</div><div>This study provides a comprehensive overview of the creation of impurities in the ALICE MID RPC detectors under standard operation. Furthermore, it presents a comparative analysis between the results obtained during LHC RUN2 and those ongoing in LHC RUN3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Article 170515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume capture of positive charged particles in bent single crystals","authors":"V.A. Maisheev","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical model for the volume capture of high-energy positive particles into planar (111) channels of a silicon single crystal is proposed. Under the assumption that the cause of particle capture is multiple scattering, the capture probability is found. Channeling of captured particles is also considered. Results of the study will be useful in the realization of multicrystal devices for collimation and extraction of beams on modern and future accelerators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}