Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献

{"title":"Manufacturing & welding feasibility study of the high brilliance neutron source tantalum Target","authors":"Y. Bessler ,&nbsp;W. Behr ,&nbsp;S. Rath ,&nbsp;J. Wolters ,&nbsp;J. Baggemann ,&nbsp;Q. Ding ,&nbsp;P. Zakalek ,&nbsp;G. Natour","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) project is to develop a High-Current Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (HiCANS), which is planned to be built at the Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH. These types of neutron sources are an efficient and cost-effective alternative to existing low- and medium-flux research reactors. Basically, such neutron sources consist of three main parts: the particle accelerator, the Target-Moderator-Reflector unit (TMR) and the neutron scattering instruments. The Target is of particular importance when designing a neutron source. It must withstand enormous heat stress due to the particle-interactions and is exposed to radiation damage. Moreover, it is usually made of materials that are difficult to manufacture, and which require special weld techniques to join the components. The subject of this publication is therefore the manufacturing and welding feasibility study of the HBS Target prototype made of tantalum. It includes a brief description of the chosen microchannel cooling structure and the thermo-mechanical design of the Target. The results of the welding tests and qualification using special joining techniques like explosion welding of bimetal adapters and electron beam welding of tantalum parts are also presented, as well as the quality verification by destructive and non-destructive testing. Finally, a full-scale manufacturing test of the HBS tantalum Target will be presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of neutron radiography using machine learning and genetic algorithm for boron concentration measurement","authors":"M.H. Choopan Dastjerdi ,&nbsp;M. Jafari ,&nbsp;J. Mokhtari ,&nbsp;H. Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, measuring the neutron attenuation of standard samples with different boron concentrations has been performed using the Monte Carlo simulations and experimental tests. By plotting a linear calibration curve, a relationship between the attenuation and the boron concentration in each sample was found. This relationship was used to determine the boron concentration in the unknown samples. In this work, the neutron radiography (NR) method was used to measure the neutron flux passing through the samples. Recording the scattered neutrons from samples on the imaging screen posed challenges in this research. These scattered neutrons reduce the linearity of the calibration curve. By changing the length, width, and thickness of the samples and changing the distance between the imaging screen and the samples, more than 60 different configurations for performing NR have been investigated. To examine these configurations, each of them was simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The results obtained from these simulations have been optimized using neural network and genetic algorithm. The results of the optimization have been examined and confirmed using NR experiments. The use of optimized dimensions in the simulated NR increased the R-square of calibration curve from 0.841 to 0.986. In the experimental tests, the calibration curve obtained from NR in the optimal state had good linearity with an R-square of 0.964. The calibration curve detected the boron concentration in a test sample containing 0.75 % boron mass fraction with 6.33 % error.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of machine learning-based discrimination of α, β and γ particles from grayscale radiation images","authors":"H. Laffolley ,&nbsp;Y. Tsubota ,&nbsp;T. Tsuji ,&nbsp;F. Honda","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the framework of the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency analyses and classifies a variety of radioactive samples. The objective is to simplify the sample characterization process by developing multipurpose analysis tools that quickly produce results for different types of samples while reducing labour.</div><div>The development of an analytical device has been started, based on the MiniPIX TPX standard detector, a hybrid semiconductor pixelated radiation detector. The final aim is to build a fast-mapping device that generates 2D activity maps, distinguishing between α, β, and γ radiation, and includes simple local γ spectrometry for highly contaminated samples.</div><div>This study explores the use of supervised machine learning models to classify individual particle interactions based on nine morphological and intensity-based features extracted from clusters recorded during exposure to pure α-, β-, and γ-emitting sources (⁶⁰Co, ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y, ¹³⁷Cs, ²⁴¹Am). The best performing models demonstrated the best balance of accuracy (∼79–80 %) and processing speed (microseconds per frame). α particles were reliably identified with 100 % accuracy.</div><div>However, a detailed energy-binned analysis revealed that β and γ interactions are not distinguishable when they produce similar energy depositions and cluster morphologies. In particular, low-energy β events were frequently misclassified as γ and vice versa at high energies due to overlapping track structures.</div><div>These findings highlight the limitations of shape-based classification under real-world conditions where energy spectra overlap and the current application could only be the identification and mapping of α vs. β/γ events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-specimen Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy using β+ emitters","authors":"Roland Prossinger,&nbsp;Leon Chryssos,&nbsp;Sebastian Vohburger,&nbsp;Christoph Hugenschmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new isotope-based sample-source setup to enable bulk defect studies on single samples using positrons. For this technique, we employ the positron emitter ²²Na (activity of 7<!--> <!-->MBq) and modified our Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectrometer (CDBs). Compared to the commonly used sandwich geometry, where the positron emitter is placed between two “identical” samples for conventional Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS), the new single specimen setup offers three major advantages: (i) only a single sample is required, (ii) annihilation radiation originating from the source itself or its supporting material is not detected, i.e., there is no source component, and (iii) unwanted <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-radiation emitted from the positron source (1275<!--> <!-->keV <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-quanta in the case of ²²Na) is efficiently suppressed. These three major improvements are demonstrated with Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (CDBS) on single-crystalline copper by comparing spectra recorded with both the sandwich method and a 30 keV positron beam. The Kapton source component is absent and a pure spectrum of bulk copper is obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The μ-RWELL technology for the muon system at the IDEA experiment","authors":"E. Di Fiore ,&nbsp;M. Al-Thakeel ,&nbsp;G. Bencivenni ,&nbsp;A. Bortone ,&nbsp;F. Chiapponi ,&nbsp;G. Cibinetto ,&nbsp;E. De Lucia ,&nbsp;R. Farinelli ,&nbsp;G. Felici ,&nbsp;I. Garzia ,&nbsp;M. Gatta ,&nbsp;P. Giacomelli ,&nbsp;M. Giovannetti ,&nbsp;M. Greco ,&nbsp;F.M. Melendi ,&nbsp;G. Mezzadri ,&nbsp;G. Morello ,&nbsp;G. Papalino ,&nbsp;M. Poli Lener ,&nbsp;M. Scodeggio","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The project of a circular collider for electrons and positrons (FCC-ee) needs to be completed with a detection apparatus. The Innovative Detector for Electron–positron Accelerator (IDEA) experiment has been proposed to study the properties of heavy particles such as top, Z, W, and H with more precision. From the vertex outward, the apparatus is composed of a sophisticated tracker and a dual-readout electromagnetic calorimeter surrounded by a magnet, a dual-readout fiber calorimeter, and the muon system. The technology proposed for the muon system is the micro-Resistive WELL (<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>-RWELL). The muon system asks for 400<!--> <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m space resolution to tag muons and long-lived particles. Another point in favor of this technology is its suitability for industrial transfer, which is fundamental for mass production to cover more than the 1500 m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> planned for the apparatus. This publication reports the standard 1D tracking performance of the <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>-RWELL, including the dependence of spatial resolution on DLC resistivity and strip pitch. It also focuses on the R&amp;D of different 2D readout layouts. All these studies have been conducted over several test beam campaigns performed at the CERN-SPS North Area during the last years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 170960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a compact RFQ injector for a high-intensity cyclotron","authors":"Yao Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xi Cheng ,&nbsp;Yu Tang ,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhai ,&nbsp;Zehua Jia ,&nbsp;Zhiming Hu ,&nbsp;Xianwu Wang ,&nbsp;Liangting Sun ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although RFQ (radio frequency quadrupole)-based axial injection into a high-intensity cyclotron offers several advantages, such as high bunching efficiency and compact design, it requires further research and development (R&amp;D) since it has never been realized before. To support this research, a prototype of a compact RFQ designed for the H₂⁺ beam has been developed. This paper discusses the beam dynamics, RF design, thermal analysis, construction, and RF measurements of the RFQ. The beam dynamics design aims to achieve maximum bunching efficiency at the median plane of the cyclotron. To achieve this, two re-buncher cells are integrated in the exit transition cell of the RFQ. Additionally, the RFQ tank is partially embedded within the cyclotron yoke, allowing it to be positioned as close to the median plane as possible. Considering the operating frequency of 81.25 MHz, a so-called ladder RFQ is proposed. The transverse diameter of the ladder RFQ is less than 300 mm, enabling re-entry into the cyclotron yoke. The ladder RFQ tank has been assembled, and cavity measurements have been completed. The RF measurements show good agreement with the simulations. The frequency matches the design value, and the quality factor Q₀ reaches 92.3 % of the simulated value. The quality of the electric field is evaluated using the perturbation method. Gravity-induced errors of the perturbation bead were corrected by averaging the fields across different quadrants. Consequently, the un-flatness of the electric field in the longitudinal direction is ±3 %. The dipole field component ranges from −3 % to 3 % in the front section and is nearly zero in the latter half of the cavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the front-end digital processing prototype chip for HFRS-TPC","authors":"Weijian Lu ,&nbsp;Yi Qian ,&nbsp;Tianlei Pu ,&nbsp;Songbo Chang ,&nbsp;Hongyun Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhikun Sun ,&nbsp;Jiarui Zhang ,&nbsp;Wankui Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the significant experimental facility of the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), the HIAF energy FRagment Separator (HFRS) will employ multiple Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detectors for particle identification and beam monitoring. This paper presents the architecture, design and test results of the Front-end Digital Processing (FDP) prototype chip for HFRS-TPC. The purpose is to reduce the amount of data and enhance transmission reliability, while improving integration and reducing power consumption. The chip is mainly composed of the top-level control module, channel data processing chains and serial output links. With configurable online data processing capabilities, the chip is designed to mitigate interference, minimize noise, compress data, reconstruct and optimize packets. Moreover, FDP supports trigger mode and trigger-less mode, with a single-channel count rate exceeding 180 kHz and a data transfer bandwidth of up to 250 Mbps. The FDP prototype chip has been fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process. Laboratory test results and further measurements joint with the TPC show that the chip functions in accordance with expectation and performs as designed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative experimental approach for increasing pyroelectric neutron generator yield","authors":"Soroush Mohtashami ,&nbsp;Hossein Afarideh ,&nbsp;Khalil Moshkbar-Bakhshayesh","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past two decades, pyroelectric neutron generators (PNGs) have been extensively researched and developed. These generators are unique as they are the only reliable compact neutron sources capable of producing neutrons without requiring an external high-voltage power supply. However, PNGs have some limitations, including lower neutron production yields and shorter lifespans compared to other neutron generators. This manuscript introduces an innovative and cost-effective approach to enhance the yield of typical PNGs, moving them closer to the design of a commercial, battery-operated, palm-sized neutron generator suitable for various applications. The manuscript investigates the impact of this approach on the electric potential/current of the pyroelectric accelerator through experimental analysis. Additionally, the total number of neutrons produced by the presented PNG is measured during the experiments and is reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithms for coordinate reconstruction in position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid detectors","authors":"A. Bolotnikov,&nbsp;G. Carini,&nbsp;J. Fried,&nbsp;K. Hernandez,&nbsp;S. Herrmann,&nbsp;P. Maj,&nbsp;P. Mukim,&nbsp;E. Muller,&nbsp;G. Pinaroli,&nbsp;E. Tamura,&nbsp;Z. Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new Fourier chopper with laser pickup system for neutron beam modulation in correlation RTOF diffractometry","authors":"Gizo Bokuchava,&nbsp;Valery Zhuravlev,&nbsp;Igor Papushkin,&nbsp;Alexander Kruglov","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the further development of the RTOF (reverse time-of-flight) method, a unique Fourier chopper with a fundamentally improved design and enhanced technical specifications has been developed and put into operation at the FSD Fourier diffractometer on the IBR-2 pulsed reactor (FLNP JINR, Dubna, Russia). The chopper consists of a multi-slit rotor–stator system housed in a dedicated vacuum chamber and mounted on a precision translation platform, enabling rapid switching between TOF (high intensity) and RTOF (high resolution) operational modes.</div><div>The new chopper introduces advanced capabilities that provide promising potential for further improvement of the RTOF method. In particular, it implements a set of six different frequency window functions, which enable detailed studies of diffraction peak profiles and residual intensity oscillations caused by the finite value of the maximum neutron beam modulation frequency. Additionally, the device supports measurements of individual Fourier harmonics forming the diffraction peak at various constant chopper speeds across the entire accessible TOF-scale range.</div><div>An innovative feature of the chopper is the presence of 1024 physical radial slits (each ∼0.7 mm wide), precisely cut into both the stator plate and rotor disc, which reduces neutron absorption and scattering by the chopper material. Furthermore, this work demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of generating pickup signals using a 1550 nm infrared laser beam passing through the slits in both the rotor and stator (Laser Pickup System – LPS). This approach enables direct measurement of the actual transmission function of the chopper, precisely matching the neutron beam modulation profile. As a backup pickup signal source, a standard incremental optical encoder, mounted on the motor shaft, is also used. Experimental results show that high-resolution RTOF diffraction spectra measured using the LPS system exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio and are comparable to those obtained with the optical encoder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1082 ","pages":"Article 171025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}