Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A review on nitrates’ health benefits and disease prevention","authors":"Madhavi Apte ,&nbsp;Nishigandha Nadavade ,&nbsp;Sohail Shakeel Sheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Dietary nitrates (NO3-) are naturally occurring compounds in various vegetables, especially beetroot, which is mainly supplemented in the form of BRJ. Dietary nitrates (NO3-) play a crucial function in human physiology. On consumption, nitrates (NO3-) undergo a conversion process, producing nitric oxide (NO) via a complex metabolic pathway. Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with many </span>physiological processes, entailing </span>immune modulation<span><span>, neurotransmission, and </span>vasodilation, enabling blood vessel dilation and relaxation, which boosts blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, positively influencing cardiovascular health, exercise performance, and cognitive function. There are various analytical processes to determine the level of nitrate (NO3-) present in dietary sources. The impact of dietary nitrates (NO3-) can differ among individuals. Thus, the review revisits the dietary source of nitrates (NO3-), its metabolism, absorption, excretion, analytical techniques to assess nitrates (NO3-) content in various dietary sources, and discusses health effects.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the power of nitric oxide and nanotechnology for prolonging postharvest shelf-life and enhancing fruit quality","authors":"Julia Claudiane da Veiga ,&nbsp;Neidiquele Maria Silveira ,&nbsp;Amedea Barozzi Seabra ,&nbsp;Ilana Urbano Bron","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating postharvest fruit quality. The utilization of NO donors to elevate endogenous NO levels and induce NO-mediated responses represents a promising strategy for extending fruit shelf-life after harvest. However, the effectiveness of NO treatment is influenced by various factors, including formulation and application methods. In this review, we investigate the impact of NO supply on different fruits, aiming to prolong postharvest shelf-life and enhance fruit quality. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of NO action, particularly its interactions with ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excitingly, we also highlight the emerging field of nanotechnology in postharvest applications, discussing the use of nanoparticles as a novel approach for achieving </span>sustained release of NO and enhancing its effects. By harnessing the potential of nanotechnology, our review is a starting point to help identify gaps and future directions in this important, emerging field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138291532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic analysis of the photolytic decomposition of solid-state S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine","authors":"Partha S. Sheet ,&nbsp;Gergely Lautner ,&nbsp;Mark E. Meyerhoff ,&nbsp;Steven P. Schwendeman","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>S</em>-Nitroso-<em>N</em><span>-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) is among the most common nitric oxide (NO)-donor molecules and its solid-state photolytic decomposition has potential for inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy. The photochemical NO release kinetics and mechanism were investigated by exposing solid-state SNAP to a narrow-band LED as a function of nominal wavelength and intensity of incident light. The photolytic efficiency, decomposition products, and the photolytic pathways of the SNAP were examined. The maximum light penetration depth through the solid layer of SNAP was determined by an optical microscope and found to be within 100–200 μm, depending on the wavelength of light. The photolysis of solid-state SNAP to generate NO along with the stable thiyl (RS</span><strong>·</strong>) radical was confirmed using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The fate of the RS<strong>·</strong> radical in the solid phase was studied both in the presence and absence of O₂<span> using NMR, IR, ESR, and UPLC-MS. The changes in the morphology of SNAP due to its photolysis were examined using PXRD<span><span> and SEM. The stable thiyl radical formed from the photolysis of solid SNAP was found to be reactive with another adjacent thiyl radical to form a disulfide (RSSR) or with oxygen to form various </span>sulfonyl and sulfonyl peroxyl radicals {RS(O)</span></span>_xO<strong>·</strong>, x = 0 to 7}. However, the thiyl radical did not recombine with NO to reform the SNAP. From the PXRD data, it was found that the SNAP loses its crystallinity by generating the NO after photolysis. The initial release of NO during photolysis was increased with increased intensity of light, whereas the maximum light penetration depth was unaffected by light intensity. The knowledge gained about the photochemical reactions of SNAP may provide important insight in designing portable photoinduced NO-releasing devices for iNO therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acute phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition on skeletal muscle interstitial PO2 during contractions and recovery","authors":"Michael D. Belbis ,&nbsp;Zhen Yap ,&nbsp;Sara E. Hobart ,&nbsp;Scott K. Ferguson ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Hirai","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oxygen partial pressure within the interstitial space (PO₂<span><span>is; mmHg) provides the driving force for oxygen diffusion into the myocyte thereby supporting </span>oxidative phosphorylation<span>. We tested the hypothesis that potentiation of the nitric oxide pathway with sildenafil (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor) would enhance PO</span></span>₂is during muscle metabolic transitions, thereby slowing PO₂is on- and accelerating PO₂is off-kinetics. The rat spinotrapezius muscle (n = 17) was exposed for PO₂<span><span>is measurements via phosphorescence quenching under control (CON), low-dose sildenafil (1 mg/kg i.a., SIL1) and high-dose sildenafil (7 mg/kg i.a., SIL7). Data were collected at rest and during submaximal twitch contractions (1 Hz, 4–6 V, 3 min) and recovery (3 min). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; mmHg) was reduced with both </span>SIL1 (pre:132 ± 5; post:99 ± 5) and SIL7 (pre:111 ± 6; post:99 ± 4) (p &lt; 0.05). SIL7 elevated resting PO</span>₂is (18.4 ± 1.1) relative to both CON (15.7 ± 0.7) and SIL1 (15.2 ± 0.7) (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, SIL7 increased end-recovery PO₂is (17.7 ± 1.6) compared to CON (12.8 ± 0.9) and SIL1 (13.4 ± 0.8) (p &lt; 0.05). The overall PO₂is response during recovery (i.e., area under the PO₂is curve) was greater in SIL7 (4107 ± 444) compared to CON (3493 ± 222) and SIL1 (3114 ± 205 mmHg s) (p &lt; 0.05). Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no impact of acute SIL (1 or 7 mg/kg) on the speed of the PO₂<span>is response during contractions or recovery (p &gt; 0.05). However, sildenafil lowered MAP and improved skeletal muscle interstitial oxygenation in healthy rats. Specifically, SIL7 enhanced PO</span>₂is at rest and during recovery from submaximal muscle contractions. Potentiation of the nitric oxide pathway with sildenafil enhances microvascular blood-myocyte O₂ transport and is expected to improve repeated bouts of contractile activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in aging arteries by regulating ferroptosis","authors":"Yuxin Miao ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihui Liang ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Danyang Tian ,&nbsp;Sheng Jin ,&nbsp;Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Hongmei Xue ,&nbsp;Xu Teng ,&nbsp;Lin Xiao ,&nbsp;Yuming Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Aging causes vascular endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the causes of vascular endothelial dysfunction during aging using plasma and renal arteries from patients who underwent nephrectomy and animal models. The results showed that the endogenous H</span>₂<span>S-producing enzyme<span> cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE) protein expression was downregulated in renal artery tissue, plasma H</span></span>₂<span>S levels were reduced. Moreover, elevated lipid peroxidation<span> and iron accumulation levels led to ferroptosis and endothelial diastolic function in the renal arteries was impaired in the elderly group. H</span></span>₂S enhanced the endogenous CSE expression in the elderly group, promoted endogenous H₂<span>S production, decreased lipid peroxide<span> expression, and inhibited ferroptosis, which in turn improved vascular endothelial function in the elderly group. In animal models, we also observed the same results. In addition, we applied NaHS, Ferrostatin-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor) and erastin (ferroptosis inducer) to incubate renal arteries of SD rats. The results showed that NaHS enhanced ferroptosis related proteins expression, inhibited ferroptosis and improved vascular endothelial function. We demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction associated with aging is closely related to reduced endogenous H</span></span>₂S levels and ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, H₂S reduced lipid peroxidation levels in vascular endothelial cells, inhibited ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, and improved endothelial dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 77-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitric oxide: An emerging warrior of plant physiology under abiotic stress","authors":"Sakshi Saini ,&nbsp;Priyanka Sharma ,&nbsp;Pooja Singh ,&nbsp;Vikram Kumar ,&nbsp;Priya Yadav ,&nbsp;Asha Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The natural environment of plants comprises a complex set of various abiotic stresses and their capability to react and survive under this anticipated changing climate is highly flexible and involves a series of balanced interactions between signaling molecules where nitric oxide becomes a crucial component. In this article, we focussed on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in various signal transduction pathways of plants and its positive impact on maintaining cellular homeostasis under various abiotic stresses. Besides this, the recent data on interactions of NO with various phytohormones to control physiological and biochemical processes to attain abiotic stress tolerance have also been considered. These crosstalks modulate the plant's defense mechanism and help in alleviating the negative impact of stress. While focusing on the diverse functions of NO, an effort has been made to explore the functions of NO-mediated post-translational modifications, such as the N-end rule pathway, tyrosine nitration, and S-nitrosylation which revealed the exact mechanism and characterization of proteins that modify various metabolic processes in stressed conditions. Considering all of these factors, the present review emphasizes the role of NO and its interlinking with various phytohormones in maintaining developmental processes in plants, specifically under unfavorable environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 58-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41237292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of extended-release 7-nitroindazole gel formulation treatment on the behavior of Shank3 mouse model of autism","authors":"Muhammad Abdel-Haq ,&nbsp;Shashank Kumar Ojha ,&nbsp;Wajeha Hamoudi ,&nbsp;Awanish Kumar,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Tripathi,&nbsp;Igor Khaliulin,&nbsp;Abraham J. Domb,&nbsp;Haitham Amal","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral deficits such as abnormalities in communication, social interaction, anxiety, and repetitive behavior. We have recently shown that the <em>Shank3</em> mutation in mice representing a model of ASD causes excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels and aberrant protein S-nitrosylation. Further, 10-day daily injections of 7-NI, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, into Shank3^Δ4-22 and Cntnap2^(−/−) mutant mice (models of ASD) at a dose of 80 mg/kg reversed the manifestations of ASD phenotype. In this study, we proposed an extended release of 7-NI using a novel drug system. <em>Importantly, unlike the intraperitoneal injections, our new preparation of</em> poly (sebacic acid-co-ricinoleic acid) (PSARA) gel <em>containing 7-NI was injected subcutaneously into the mutant mice only once</em>. The animals underwent behavioral testing starting from day 3 post-injection. It should be noted that the developed PSARA gel formulation allowed a slow release of 7-NI maintaining the plasma level of the drug at ∼45 μg/ml/day. Further, we observed improved memory and social interaction and reduced anxiety-like behavior in <em>Shank3</em> mutant mice. This was accompanied by a reduction in 3-nitrotyrosine levels (an indicator of nitrative/nitrosative stress) in plasma. Overall, we suggest that our single-dose formulation of PSARA gel is very efficient in rendering a therapeutic effect of 7-NI for at least 10 days. This approach may provide in the future a rational design of an effective ASD treatment using 7-NI and its clinical translation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and secretion of Nerve Growth Factor is regulated by Nitric Oxide in bladder cells in vitro under a hyperglycemic environment","authors":"Stephanie Sirmakesyan ,&nbsp;Aya Hajj ,&nbsp;Aalya Hamouda ,&nbsp;Philippe Cammisotto ,&nbsp;Lysanne Campeau","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urine samples of female patients with overactive bladder (OAB) are characterized by low levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and elevated concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) compared to healthy controls. We therefore examined how NO might regulate NGF synthesis using rat bladder smooth muscle (SMCs) and urothelial (UROs) cells in culture. In UROs, incubation in hyperglycemic conditions to mimic insulin insensitivity present in the OAB cohort increased secretion of NO and concomitantly decreased NGF, except when the NO synthase inhibitor, <span>l</span>-NAME (1 mM) was present. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (300 μM, 24 h), a NO generator, decreased NGF levels and decreased cyclic GMP (cGMP) content, a process validated by the cGMP synthase inhibitor ODQ (100 μM). Alternatively, SNP increased mRNA of both NGF and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). MMP-9 knockout of UROs by Crispr-Cas9 potently decreased the effect of SNP on NGF, implying a dependent role of NO on MMP-9. On the other hand, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) activity was increased by SNP, which taken together with increase in NGF mRNA, suggests a compensatory mechanism. In SMCs, hyperglycemic conditions had the same effect on extracellular content of NO and NGF than in UROs. SNP also decreased NGF secretion but increased cGMP content. Stable permeable analogs of cGMP 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-cGMP (1 mM) and N2,2′-O-Dibutyryl-cGMP (3 mM) inhibited NGF release. NGF and MMP-9 mRNA expression was unchanged by SNP. Deletion of MMP-9 in SMCs by Crispr-Cas9 did not alter the effect of SNP. Finally, SNP decreased MMP-7 activity, diminishing the conversion of proNGF to NGF. These results demonstrate that enhanced NO secretion triggered by high glucose decreases NGF secretion through pathways unique for each cell type that involve cGMP and proteases MMP-7 and MMP-9. These results might help to explain our observations from the urine from patients with OAB associated with metabolic syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10336410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential role of hydrogen sulfide and jasmonic acid in plants during heavy metal stress","authors":"Mohd Ali ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Raman Tikoria ,&nbsp;Roohi Sharma ,&nbsp;Parkirti Parkirti ,&nbsp;Vikram Vikram ,&nbsp;Kritika Kaushal ,&nbsp;Puja Ohri","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is mainly considered as a gaseous transmitter or signaling molecule that has long been recognized as an essential component of numerous plant cellular and physiological processes. Several subcellular compartments in plants use both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms to generate H₂S. Under normal and stress full conditions exogenous administration of H₂S supports a variety of plant developmental processes, including growth and germination, senescence, defense, maturation and antioxidant machinery in plants. Due to their gaseous nature, they are efficiently disseminated to various areas of the cell to balance antioxidant pools and supply sulphur to the cells. Numerous studies have also been reported regarding H₂S ability to reduce heavy metal toxicity when combined with other signaling molecules like nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), calcium ion (Ca²⁺), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), proline (Pro), and melatonin. The current study focuses on multiple pathways for JA and H₂S production as well as their signaling functions in plant cells under varied circumstances, more specifically under heavy metal, which also covers role of H₂S and Jasmonic acid during heavy metal stress and interaction of hydrogen sulfide with Jasmonic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10625421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in blood pressure following acute dietary nitrate ingestion is correlated with increased red blood cell S-nitrosothiol concentrations","authors":"Chenguang Wei ,&nbsp;Anni Vanhatalo ,&nbsp;Stefan Kadach ,&nbsp;Zdravko Stoyanov ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abu-Alghayth ,&nbsp;Matthew I. Black ,&nbsp;Miranda J. Smallwood ,&nbsp;Raghini Rajaram ,&nbsp;Paul G. Winyard ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dietary nitrate (NO₃⁻) supplementation can enhance nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and lower blood pressure (BP) in humans. The nitrite concentration ([NO₂⁻]) in the plasma is the most commonly used biomarker of increased NO availability. However, it is unknown to what extent changes in other NO congeners, such as S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), and in other blood components, such as red blood cells (RBC), also contribute to the BP lowering effects of dietary NO₃⁻. We investigated the correlations between changes in NO biomarkers in different blood compartments and changes in BP variables following acute NO₃⁻ ingestion. Resting BP was measured and blood samples were collected at baseline, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 h following acute beetroot juice (∼12.8 mmol NO₃⁻, ∼11 mg NO₃⁻/kg) ingestion in 20 healthy volunteers. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were determined between the peak individual increases in NO biomarkers (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, RSNOs) in plasma, RBC and whole blood, and corresponding decreases in resting BP variables. No significant correlation was observed between increased plasma [NO₂⁻] and reduced BP, but increased RBC [NO₂⁻] was correlated with decreased systolic BP (<em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −0.50, <em>P</em> = 0.03). Notably, increased RBC [RSNOs] was significantly correlated with decreases in systolic (<em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.001), diastolic (<em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −0.59, <em>P</em> = 0.008) and mean arterial pressure (<em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −0.64, <em>P</em> = 0.003). Fisher's z transformation indicated no difference in the strength of the correlations between increases in RBC [NO₂⁻] or [RSNOs] and decreased systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, increased RBC [RSNOs] may be an important mediator of the reduction in resting BP observed following dietary NO₃⁻ supplementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"138 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10331629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}