Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide detection: Recent advancement and future perspectives towards fluorescence as a versatile Biophysical method","authors":"Vivek Pandey ,&nbsp;Tejasvi Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) is an essential gaseous signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes, including vasodilation, neurotransmission, and anti-inflammatory responses. Accurate detection and quantification of H₂S in biological systems are crucial for elucidating its physiological and pathological roles. Fluorescent probes have emerged as indispensable tools for H₂S detection, offering high sensitivity, specificity, and the ability for real-time and non-invasive monitoring. This review discusses recent advances in the design and development of fluorescent probes for H₂S detection, focusing on their mechanisms, properties, and applications. We explore the different strategies employed in probe design, including reduction-based mechanisms, nucleophilic addition reactions, and cleavage of sulfide bonds. Innovations such as ratiometric probes, two-photon fluorescent probes, and multi-functional probes have significantly enhanced the capabilities of H₂S detection. These advancements have facilitated cellular and subcellular imaging, real-time monitoring in live organisms, and the investigation of H₂S-related pathologies. Despite these progresses, challenges remain, including improving probe selectivity, stability, and biocompatibility, as well as developing methods for accurate quantification in complex biological matrices. Future research directions include designing probes with higher selectivity and sensitivity, integrating advanced computational modeling, and combining fluorescent probes with mass spectrometry for precise quantification. The continued development of sophisticated fluorescent probes will expand our understanding of H₂S biology, offering new insights into its physiological and pathological roles and paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitric oxide detection by electrochemistry selective probe: calibration in the study environment is mandatory","authors":"Roberta Albino Dos Reis ,&nbsp;Ariane Boudier ,&nbsp;Flavian Piquard ,&nbsp;Joana C. Piereti ,&nbsp;Amedea B. Seabra ,&nbsp;Igor Clarot","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, making its detection and controlled release significant for both therapeutic and environmental contexts. Electrochemical sensors are widely used for NO detection due to their high sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. However, challenges such as interference from other gasotransmitters, sensor degradation, and calibration difficulties—especially in complex biological matrices—hinder accurate NO measurement. This review discusses recent advancements in electrochemical NO detection, with a focus on the impact of complex biological matrices, calibration strategies, and sensor designs. The release of NO from nanoparticles, such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-encapsulating chitosan nanoparticles, is used as a case study for improving NO detection accuracy. Future innovations in sensor technology and nanoparticle design are expected to expand the applicability of NO detection in personalized medicine and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic interaction of sodium nitroprusside and Serratia marcescens in mitigation of nematode stress in tomato","authors":"Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumari Manhas ,&nbsp;Puja Ohri","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant growth and development are negatively impacted by root-knot nematodes (RKNs), which in turn affects plant production. Chemical nematicides are one of the effective strategies for managing RKNs. But, high concentration of these chemicals is toxic to plants, environment and humans. Therefore, an <em>in-vivo</em> study was conducted to unravel the synergistic interplay sodium nitroprusside (SNP: nitric oxide donor) and, <em>Serratia marcescens</em> in <em>M. incognita</em>-stressed tomato plants. Results revealed that treatment with SNP and bacterial culture cells reduced gall formation and improved morphology. It also reduced nematode-induced oxidative stress in <em>M. incognita-</em>infested tomato plants as compared to untreated plants. Increased photosynthetic parameters including photosynthetic pigments and gas-exchange parameters was also observed in treated plants. Additionally, treated plants exhibited increased antioxidant defense system in terms of upregulated activities of enzymatic antioxidants (Ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase). Content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (Glutathione, ascorbic acid and tocopherol) was also enhanced in treated plants as compared to untreated nematode-infected plants. Further, treatment with SNP and <em>S. marcescens</em> increased secondary metabolites (total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin) and proline content. Reduction in nematode-induced nuclear and membrane damage was also observed in SNP and bacterial culture cells treated tomato plants. The integrative application of SNP and <em>S. marcescens</em> exhibited synergism and overpowered their individual application in reducing the negative effects of nematode stress. The findings of the current investigation suggest the integrative use of SNP and bacteria is more beneficial in alleviating nematode stress in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a link between the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria and arterial hypertension? A systematic review","authors":"Esthela M. Puel ,&nbsp;Lillian F. Taruhn ,&nbsp;Nailê Damé-Teixeira ,&nbsp;Cristine M. Stefani ,&nbsp;Renata M. Lataro","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Nitric oxide is a vasodilator molecule that acts on blood pressure (BP) control, and its production can occur through the reduction of nitrates by oral or intestinal nitrate-reducing bacteria. However, the relationship between nitrate-reducing bacteria and arterial hypertension (HTN) remains under debate.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Systematically review if there is an association between the abundance of oral and intestinal nitrate-reducing bacteria and the occurrence of HTN in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Databases and eligibility criteria</h3><div>MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Livivo, ProQuest Dissertations, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles until February 10th, 2024. Studies were included if they: (1) were observational studies or clinical trials; (2) included adults (≥18 years old) with HTN (systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &gt; 80 mmHg and/or use of BP lowering medication); (3) compared (or not) to no-HTN adults; and (4) used next-generation sequencing microbiome analysis to identify bacterial taxa in the oral and/or gut nitrate-reducing bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search identified 9365 articles, and 28 were included in the study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 23 articles assessed the gut microbiota, 4 assessed the oral microbiota, and 1 assessed both. Depletion of nitrate-reducing bacteria was not consistently shown in the studies. The included studies reported reduction, increase, and no change in the nitrate-reducing bacteria genera or species in oral or gut microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found no association between the abundance of oral and gut nitrate-reducing bacteria and the occurrence of HTN in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>PROSPERO identification number CRD42022315891.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 19-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From methionine to sulfide: Exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of sulfur-containing biomolecules in hypertension","authors":"Anton Misak,&nbsp;Marian Grman,&nbsp;Karol Ondrias,&nbsp;Lenka Tomasova","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur-containing amino acids are involved in the regulation of vascular activity and blood pressure. Clinically, a positive correlation was found between serum homocysteine levels and blood pressure. On the other hand, methionine and cysteine levels were reduced in hypertensive patients. Recently, the redox state of sulfur-containing amino acids has emerged as potential diagnostic marker of cardiovascular health. Metabolomic studies have revealed a shift in thiol/disulfide ratio toward oxidized forms and overproduction of thiyl radicals in hypertensive patients. Although accumulating evidence confirms that sulfur-containing amino acids are essential for the maintaining of redox homeostasis and blood pressure control, their hypotensive and antioxidant properties have been primarily demonstrated in animal studies. While several groups are developing new targeted and triggered sulfur-based donors, standardized pharmacological interventions for hypertensive patients are largely absent and pose a challenge for future research. In this review, we summarize recent studies that investigate the role of sulfur-containing amino acids and their redox-active metabolites, including glutathione and sulfide, in blood pressure control and the development of systemic hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraising diverse metrics of nitric oxide in salt stress tolerance of high yielding wheat genotypes","authors":"Sayeda Khatoon,&nbsp;Sarika Kumari,&nbsp;Muskan Gandhi,&nbsp;Kritika Nagarwal,&nbsp;Rudra Narayan Sahoo,&nbsp;Noushina Iqbal,&nbsp;M. Iqbal R. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Staple crop vulnerability has been escalating with significant approach due to climatic variations leading to persistent salt accumulation as inimical environmental stressors, and thus endangering food security. To address this global concern, there is a need to elucidate the growth, physiological and yield responses, entailing plant salt tolerance modifications. Recent years have been advocated with studies focusing on the integration of nitric oxide (NO), however there is a need of critical decipherment on NO synthesis is regulated under salt stress conditions. With this focus, the present investigation has assessed the salt-mediated differential impacts on the plant growth, root architecture, photosynthetic pigment, carbon metabolites (carbohydrate and starch), and stomatal frequency, leading to restrained plant metabolisms in the 49 wheat genotypes. Further, the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids and phenols) was found concomitant with the improved NO biosynthesis in salt-stressed tolerant wheat genotype. To validate the involvement of endogenous NO as salt stress tolerance criterion, use of NO scavenger (cPTIO) suggests the involvement of NO in enhancing salt tolerance and stress defense metabolites mainly lignin biosynthesis, and cellulose to attain plant stress tolerance. These underlying interactions could pave the way to convey wheat tolerance for the future breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of beetroot juice in patients with peripheral artery disease: A Narrative review","authors":"Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Mingming Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Wenjun Cui ,&nbsp;Qian An ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Yin ,&nbsp;Bing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a circulatory disorder caused by atherosclerosis, leading to the narrowing or blockage of peripheral arteries, often affecting the arteries in the lower limbs. This condition can result in intermittent claudication and severe limb ischemia, significantly reducing patients' quality of life. In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that dietary interventions play a crucial role in the prevention and management of PAD, offering a safe and non-invasive treatment option. Beetroot, a natural root vegetable, demonstrates significant health benefits through its various bioactive compounds. It is rich in nitrate and betaine, which are metabolized in the body via the nitrate-nitrite- nitric oxide (NO) pathway, increasing the bioavailability of NO. NO is an important vasodilator that can improve blood flow and lower blood pressure. Additionally, the active compounds in beetroot may further enhance its health effects by altering the activity of the oral microbiome. This review explores the potential therapeutic effects of beetroot juice (BRJ) in the management of PAD. The findings indicate that BRJ can improve exercise performance, lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function, enhance skeletal muscle microvascular function and central autonomic nervous system function. Based on these findings, beetroot and its rich bioactive compounds hold promise as a novel supportive therapy for improving PAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative nitric oxide-releasing nanomaterials: Current progress, trends, challenges, and perspectives in cardiovascular therapies","authors":"Renan S. Nunes,&nbsp;Kelli C. Freitas Mariano,&nbsp;Joana C. Pieretti,&nbsp;Roberta A. dos Reis,&nbsp;Amedea B. Seabra","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, imposing a substantial impact on healthcare systems due to high morbidity, mortality, and associated economic costs. Nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system, plays a critical role in regulating vascular homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Despite its therapeutic potential, direct NO delivery in the cardiovascular system is limited by its reactivity, short half-life, and poor bioavailability. The development of NO-releasing nanomaterials addresses these challenges by enabling controlled, targeted, and sustained NO delivery, mitigating systemic toxicity and improving therapeutic outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design, functionalization, and application of NO-releasing nanomaterials for cardiovascular therapies. Key topics include the use of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models to evaluate efficacy in conditions such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis, as well as the role of stimuli-responsive systems and hybrid nanomaterials in enhancing delivery precision. Advances in nanotechnology, such as stimuli-responsive systems and hybrid functionalized nanomaterials for targeted delivery, have enhanced the precision and effectiveness of NO therapeutic effects for treating a wide spectrum of cardiovascular conditions. However, challenges like scalable production, biocompatibility, and integration with existing therapies remain. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary approaches to optimize these materials for clinical translation, ensuring accessibility and addressing the global problem of cardiovascular diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring medical gas therapy in hemorrhagic stroke treatment: A narrative review","authors":"Liang Cao ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Wenjun Pi ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Sara Xue ,&nbsp;Voon Wee Yong ,&nbsp;Mengzhou Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a neurological disorder caused by the rupture of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in blood seeping into the brain parenchyma and causing varying degrees of neurological impairment, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Current treatment methods mainly include hematoma evacuation surgery and conservative treatment. However, these methods have limited efficacy in enhancing neurological function and prognosis. The current challenge in treating HS lies in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of secondary brain damage after bleeding, which is a key factor affecting the prognosis of HS patients. Studies have shown that medical gas therapy is gaining more attention and has demonstrated various levels of neuroprotective effects on central nervous system disorders, such as hyperbaric oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and other inhalable gas molecules. These medical gas molecules primarily improve brain tissue damage and neurological dysfunction by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and other processes. However, many of these medical gasses also possess neurotoxic properties. Therefore, the use of medical gases in HS deserves further exploration and research. In this review, we will elucidate the therapeutic effects and study the advances in medical gas molecules in HS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 94-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing nitric oxide availability via ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice improves vascular responsiveness in individuals with Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Anna Pedrinolla ,&nbsp;Gianluigi Dorelli ,&nbsp;Simone Porcelli ,&nbsp;Mia Burleigh ,&nbsp;Martina Mendo ,&nbsp;Camilla Martignon ,&nbsp;Cristina Fonte ,&nbsp;Luca Giuseppe Dalle Carbonare ,&nbsp;Chris Easton ,&nbsp;Ettore Muti ,&nbsp;Federico Schena ,&nbsp;Massimo Venturelli","doi":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.niox.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Poor vascular function and reduced nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability have been recognized to be involved in aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A non-pharmacological treatment that is gaining clinical interest in the context of vascular function is dietary inorganic nitrate (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) supplementation which increases NO-bioavailability through the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -nitrite (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) - NO pathway. This treatment has been demonstrated to improve vascular function in several clinical populations, but no study has investigated the effects in individuals with AD. Therefore, changes in plasma &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and vascular responsiveness (hyperemic response to single-passive leg movement (ΔPLM)) were measured in individuals with AD (n = 10, 76 ± 9 years), healthy elderly (OLD, n = 10, 75 ± 6 years), and young individuals (YN, n = 10, 25 ± 4 years) before (T0) and hourly for 4 h (T1, T2, T3, and T4) after ingestion of either &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-rich beetroot juice (BR) or a placebo (PLA). No changes in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, nor ΔPLM were detected in any group following PLA intake. Plasma &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; increased significantly in all three groups at T1 (p &lt; 0.001) and remained elevated for the rest of the trial. The same trend was found in ΔPLM, which significantly increased in all three groups over the time (p &lt; 0.001). However, AD exhibited significantly lower ΔPLM values at any time point compared to YN (p &lt; 0.001) and OLD (p &lt; 0.001). These data suggest that AD-individuals included in this study were able to reduce &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and to increase NO-mediated vascular responsiveness as non-AD-individuals. Other mechanisms, beyond NO-bioavailability, may be involved in vascular dysfunction in patients with AD. This resea","PeriodicalId":19357,"journal":{"name":"Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}