Nutrition and health最新文献

{"title":"Natural reduced water alters circulating immune-related protein profiles in healthy middle-aged adults: An exploratory proteomic analysis.","authors":"Keishi Soga, Takamitsu Shinada, Michio Takahashi, Akari Uno, Yasuyuki Taki","doi":"10.1177/02601060261479772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261479772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundNatural reduced water (NRW) possesses immunomodulatory properties; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.AimWe aim to investigate the effects of continuous NRW consumption on the plasma protein profiles of healthy middle-aged adults.MethodsForty-four middle-aged adults were randomly assigned to consume either NRW (Hita Tenryosui^® water) or tap water (1 L/day) for 6 months in a double-blind design. To evaluate group differences in protein expression, a linear mixed-effects model was applied. Paired <i>t</i>-tests were performed to evaluate within-group changes using a lenient threshold (<i>p</i> < 0.1). Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed for proteins that showed significant changes.SummarySix months of NRW consumption did not provide confirmatory evidence of statistically significant changes in plasma protein profiles compared with tap water in healthy middle-aged adults. Exploratory pathway analyses suggested possible differences in immune-related biological processes between the NRW and tap water groups. These findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive evidence of an intervention effect. Larger, adequately powered studies with prespecified proteomic endpoints are needed to validate these findings and determine their potential relevance to human health.The trial was registered with a clinical trials registry (registration number: UMIN000050462).</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261479772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of different cheese types with type 2 diabetes and glycemic biomarkers: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2003-2006 data.","authors":"Ayatake Nakano, Hiroshi M Ueno, Michihiro Araki","doi":"10.1177/02601060261478966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261478966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDespite potential effects of cheese and low-fat dairy products, including cottage cheese, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), evidence on high- and low-fat cheese consumption by fat content and type and its association with T2DM remains limited.AimIn this study, we explored associations between low- and high-fat fresh cheese consumption, including cottage and cream cheese, with T2DM and related biomarkers.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2331 participants from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and examined cheese intake (assessed via a food frequency questionnaire) in relation to T2DM status and biomarkers (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], fasting glucose, insulin, and vitamin D) using multivariate regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary covariates.SummaryAlthough associations between cheese consumption and T2DM prevalence were attenuated after adjustment for dietary variables, cream cheese consumption showed a nonlinear association with outcomes, whereas low-fat cheese, including cottage cheese, was not significantly associated with T2DM. Cheese consumption was associated with favorable glycemic biomarker profiles and higher vitamin D levels in the multivariate models. Low-fat cheese consumption, including cottage cheese, inversely correlated with HbA1c and directly with vitamin D levels, whereas cream cheese showed a nonlinear pattern across intake frequencies. These findings suggest that associations with glycemic outcomes may differ by cheese type rather than fat content alone. However, due to the cross-sectional design and qualitative dietary assessment, causality cannot be inferred. Further studies are needed to clarify these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261478966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary folate, vitamin D, and inflammation modify associations between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures and fetal growth.","authors":"Yunjie Huang, Donghai Liang, Anne L Dunlop, Dana Boyd Barr, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Elizabeth J Corwin, P Barry Ryan, Parinya Panuwet, Kaegan Ortlund, Volha Yakimavets, Youran Tan, Stephanie M Eick","doi":"10.1177/02601060261486114","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02601060261486114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundExposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is linked to reduced fetal growth, yet little is known about potentially modifiable factors that may mitigate these harmful effects.AimIn this study, we assessed whether prenatal dietary factors, including folate, vitamin D, and dietary inflammation, may modify the inverse associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birthweight for gestational age z-scores (BWZ).MethodsParticipants were a subset of the prospective Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort (<i>N</i> = 268, delivery dates between 2014 and 2018), which includes serum and dietary intake data. Serum collected at 8-14 weeks' gestation was analyzed for four PFAS (perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid) and total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire administered during early pregnancy was used to ascertain dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) over the last three months. We used linear regression stratified by dichotomized dietary measures (DFE, total and free 25(OH)D, and DII) to assess effect modification of the association between individual PFAS and BWZ. Mixture effects were estimated using quantile-based g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression.SummaryA natural log increase in PFOS and PFOA was more strongly associated with lower BWZ only among participants with pro-inflammatory diets (DII ≥75^th percentile) or low 25(OH)D (total 25(OH)D < 75^th percentile). Similar patterns were observed in PFAS mixture analyses (e.g. <math><msub><mi>Ψ</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>DII</mi></mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>≥</mo><mn>75</mn><mrow><mi>th</mi></mrow><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>percentile</mi></mrow></mrow></msub></math> = -0.47, 95% CI = -0.77, -0.18, and <math><msub><mi>Ψ</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>DII</mi></mrow><mo><</mo><mn>75</mn><mrow><mi>th</mi></mrow><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>percentile</mi></mrow></mrow></msub></math> = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.24, 0.07). Overall, maternal dietary factors may influence susceptibility to PFAS-related fetal growth effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261486114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional characteristics of the 1975-type Japanese diet and its potential relevance to healthy aging and longevity.","authors":"Takayoshi Ubuka, Kentaro Kawashima, Masami Tokitou, Takeshi Hirose, Hidefumi Murayama, Yoichi Yamane","doi":"10.1177/02601060261485358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261485358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe Japanese diet is known for its nutritional benefits. However, its Westernization may have partially contributed to the increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases in Japan. A previous study fed the senescence-accelerated mice with Japanese foods based on the weekly menus from the years 1960, 1975, 1990, and 2005. Mice fed with the 1975-type diet lived longer and maintained cognitive capacities better than mice fed with the other diets.AimWe analyzed the average nutritional intake in relation to cause-specific mortality rates in Japan from 1955 to 2023 to investigate whether the 1975-type Japanese diet has the optimal nutritional composition for healthy aging and longevity. We also compared the composition of food groups in the Japanese diet of 1960, 1975, 1990, and 2005.MethodsThe daily average nutritional intake data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. The cause-specific mortality rate data were obtained from the Vital Statistics of Japan.SummaryIncreasing protein and fat consumption was positively correlated with malignant neoplasm- and cardiac disease-specific mortality rates, and negatively correlated with cerebrovascular disease-specific mortality rate. The macronutrient composition of the 1975-type Japanese diet may be within the optimal range to suppress these lifestyle-related diseases. It also increased fruit and vegetable consumption while maintaining the high consumption of traditional foods such as fish, soybeans, and algae, which are suggested to have health and cognitive benefits. Experimental, biochemical, and epidemiological evidence suggests the potential relevance of the 1975-type Japanese diet to healthy aging and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261485358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Other special diets in addition to gluten-free diet are common among youth with celiac disease, but are not associated with overall well-being or treatment success.","authors":"Heli Pihlajamäki, Linnea Aitokari, Kaija Nissinen, Sampo Lehtonen, Reija Autio, Laura Kivelä, Sanna Arnala, Pilvi Laurikka, Katri Kaukinen, Kalle Kurppa","doi":"10.1177/02601060261484265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261484265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundVarious special diets have become increasingly common. However, their prevalence and significance in patients with celiac disease (CeD) who already adhere to a gluten-free diet (GFD) are unclear.AimWe studied the abovementioned aspects in youth with CeD and controls.Methods210 patients and 212 controls, all adolescents and young adults with comparable age 16-30 years, completed an anonymous survey. Variables were compared between CeD patients with and without additional dietary restriction.ResultsOverall, 53% of CeD patients and 81% of controls were students and 41% vs. 18% working. One-third of patients and controls reported adhering to special diets, particularly a vegetarian/vegan diet (9%/14%), an allergy diet (8%/7%), and a diet for irritable bowel syndrome (7%/8%). Patients with and without an additional diet besides a GFD were comparable in terms of sex, current age, age at diagnosis, body mass index, student/employment status, physical activity, and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. However, those following only a GFD reported fewer gastrointestinal symptoms at diagnosis (58% vs. 75%, p = 0.021) and fewer challenges with school and workplace meals (27% vs. 39%, p = 0.020) than those with another restrictive diet. Altogether 11% reported difficulties combining GFD and other diet, but there were no differences in adherence (91% vs. 93%, p = 0.705), persistent symptoms, health concerns, or well-being.ConclusionOne-third of CeD patients followed additional special diets, similar to the controls. While additional restrictions may not necessarily compromise well-being or treatment success, including GFD adherence and symptom resolution, they posed challenges that underline the need to consider them in CeD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261484265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition knowledge, eating behavior and body-cathexis: Results from the body mass index perspective of adolescents.","authors":"Nurgül Yılmaz, Nursena Ersoy-Söke, Seda Nur Köktürk, Hülya Yardımcı","doi":"10.1177/02601060261480838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261480838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDuring adolescence, nutritional literacy, eating behaviors, and body image play important roles in body weight management.AimThis study aimed at the relationships between nutritional literacy, eating behaviors, and body cathexis according to BMI in high school students.MethodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional study including 568 students (73.6% female) aged 14-18 studying in four different high schools in Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and the Body-Cathexis Scale.SummaryCritical nutrition literacy scores were significantly lower in overweight than underweight adolescents (<i>p = </i>0.014). BMI showed a weak positive correlation with interactive nutrition literacy (<i>r = </i>0.107, <i>p < </i>0.001). External eating scores were lower in obese adolescents and negatively correlated with BMI (<i>r = </i>-0.149, <i>p < </i>0.001), whereas restrained eating showed a moderate positive correlation with BMI (<i>r = </i>0.437, <i>p < </i>0.001). No significant association was found between BMI and emotional eating (<i>r = </i>0.250, <i>p = </i>0.905), and body cathexis scores were lower in obese adolescents. In multivariable regression analysis, restrained eating emerged as an independent positive predictor of BMI, whereas body cathexis and external eating were independently associated with lower BMI; nutrition literacy and emotional eating were not independent predictors. These findings suggest that interventions targeting eating behaviors and body satisfaction may be more effective for promoting healthy body weight in adolescents than strategies focusing solely on nutrition knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261480838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing the child's and parents' voices together: French validation of the SMU and STU quality of life questionnaires in pediatric obesity.","authors":"Fabrice Brodard, Jean-Philippe Antonietti, Rémy Amouroux, Thérèse Bouthors, Michael Hauschild, Inge Lore Ruiz Arana, Maria-Christina Antoniou","doi":"10.1177/02601060261484279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261484279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundChildhood obesity is associated with significant impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), yet culturally adapted, weight-specific tools are lacking in French-speaking settings.AimThis study aimed to validate French versions of the Sizing Me Up (SMU) and Sizing Them Up (STU) questionnaires to assess obesity-related quality of life in children and adolescents from self- and parent-report perspectives.MethodsShortened French versions of the SMU and STU were developed, retaining three subscales common to both instruments (Emotional, Physical, and Teasing/Marginalization) based on theoretical and psychometric criteria. A clinical sample included 120 children and adolescents with obesity (aged 5-18 years) and their parents. Psychometric analyses included internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), sensitivity to body mass index (BMI) <i>z</i>-scores, measurement invariance across age and sex, and parent-child agreement.ResultsBoth instruments demonstrated good internal consistency and a stable three-factor structure. Associations were observed between the BMI <i>z</i>-score and the Physical domain, with modest effect sizes comparable to those of the generic PedsQL. Convergent validity was supported by correlations with corresponding PedsQL subscales. Measurement invariance held across age groups and for the SMU across sex, but the STU across sex did not achieve configural invariance. Procrustean analysis indicated moderate structural similarities between child and parent profiles, with moderate to good individual-level agreement, higher for physical than emotional domains.SummaryThe shortened French SMU and STU are reliable and valid tools for assessing HRQoL in pediatric obesity, supporting their use in clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261484279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria-defined malnutrition and hospitalization-associated disability in older patients: An observational cohort study.","authors":"Takako Nagai, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Eiji Kose, Nao Hashida, Ryo Momosaki","doi":"10.1177/02601060261485350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261485350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and AimOlder adults are susceptible to hospitalization-associated disability (HAD), particularly when nutritional status is impaired. This study aimed to examine the association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and HAD in hospitalized older adults and to descriptively compare HAD-related clinical characteristics according to HAD status within GLIM malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study used a multicenter database to identify 166 patients aged ≥70 years who were admitted to acute care wards between February 2023 and March 2025 and were independent in ADL before hospitalization. GLIM-defined malnutrition was assessed at admission and treated as the exposure. Patients were categorized into GLIM malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups and followed until discharge to determine the occurrence of HAD. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent HAD predictors.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 80 years; 103 were men and 63 were women. GLIM malnutrition was present in 67 (40%) patients. The occurrence of HAD during hospitalization was higher in patients with GLIM malnutrition than in those without GLIM malnutrition (48% vs. 16%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with malnutrition were older, frailer, and had lower body mass index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that GLIM malnutrition was independently associated with HAD (odds ratio, 2.732; 95% confidence interval, 1.190-6.271; <i>p</i> = 0.018).SummaryGLIM-defined malnutrition is independently associated with HAD in older patients. Early nutritional assessment, targeted frailty prevention, and integrated prehospital care may help reduce the risk of HAD and improve recovery after discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261485350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the link: The moderating role of <i>mindful eating behaviour</i> in the relationship between binge eating and body mass index.","authors":"Cerasela Oana Gavril, Alexandra Iuliana Negoita, Kyriaki Giannou, Michail Mantzios","doi":"10.1177/02601060261485043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261485043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThere is growing recognition of the positive role of mindful eating in improving eating behaviours and weight management.AimHowever, there is limited research that explored how <i>mindful eating behaviour</i> (i.e., regulated attention while eating) may moderate the association between binge eating (BE) and body mass index (BMI), which was the primary aim of the present research.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 146 participants were recruited through online opportunity sampling to complete an online survey administered via QuestionPro exploring BE, mindful eating behaviour, and BMI, and bivariate correlations and Hayes' PROCESS Macro were used to explore relationships and moderations.SummaryFindings suggested that there is a significant positive association between BE and BMI, which was moderated by mindful eating behaviour with a significant interaction effect (<i>p</i> < .001). Specifically, in individuals who scored low in mindful eating behaviour, there was a significant relationship between BE and BMI, while higher scores made this relationship non-significant. While mindful eating may not directly reduce the frequency of BE in all contexts, it serves as a factor that weakens the positive association between BE and BMI. The research, therefore, emphasised the potential of mindful eating behaviour as a targeted intervention for individuals at risk of weight-related health difficulties. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261485043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential effects of kombucha on endoplasmic reticulum stress and weight regulation in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model.","authors":"Didem Korkmaz, Ayşe Gül Mutlu","doi":"10.1177/02601060261485647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060261485647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundObesity is increasingly recognized as a global metabolic disease, often accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Kombucha, a fermented tea known for its health-promoting effects, has been associated with weight loss and lipid-lowering properties.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of kombucha on ER stress in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).MethodsFifty male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, Kombucha, HFD, and HFD combined with Kombucha (HFD + Kombucha). Rats in the Kombucha and HFD + Kombucha groups received oral kombucha at a dose of 5 ml/kg daily for 5 weeks. Body weights were monitored weekly. At the end of the experimental period, liver tissues were collected for analysis of ER stress markers (p-inositol-requiring enzyme 1, activating transcription factor 6, p-JNK, p-eIF2a, GRP78) using western blotting. Serum samples were also analyzed for metabolic parameters.SummaryRats treated with kombucha exhibited less weight gain compared to those fed an HFD alone. Although no statistically significant differences were observed in the expression of ER stress markers, numerical reductions were noted in the kombucha-treated groups, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on ER stress rather than a definitive reduction. Kombucha may be associated with reduced weight gain and may have a potential role in ER stress modulation; however, these findings should be considered preliminary due to the lack of statistically significant differences. Importantly, the western blot findings do not support a definitive conclusion regarding ER stress attenuation. The absence of statistically significant differences in ER stress markers represents an important limitation of the study. Further studies involving larger cohorts and longer intervention periods are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":" ","pages":"2601060261485647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}