Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and brain MRI biomarkers: results from SOL-INCA MRI study.","authors":"Kevin A González, Wassim Tarraf, Sarah J Banks, Katherine J Bangen, Judy Pa, Linda C Gallo, Ariana M Stickel, Paola Filigrana, Carmen R Isasi, Martha Daviglus, Fernando D Testai, Melissa Lamar, Charles DeCarli, Hector M González","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00415-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00415-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hispanic/Latino individuals have higher rates of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) burden compared to non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes is a risk factor for ADRD, but the extent of its associations with brain markers in community-dwelling Hispanic/Latino individuals is unknown. We examined how glycemic dysregulation and diabetes associate with small vessel disease damage and neurodegeneration in Hispanic/Latino adults from a large and community-representative cohort study.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We used data from 2627 individuals, aged 35-85 years, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008-2011) who underwent brain imaging through the SOL/Investigations of Neurocognitive Aging MRI (SOL-INCA MRI; 2018-2022) study. Exposures included diabetes status and HbA1c (%) levels. Outcomes included white matter hyperintensities, free water, fractional anisotropy, and volumetric regions including hippocampus, lateral ventricles, total brain, and cortical gray matter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetes status, compared to no diabetes, was associated with larger white matter hyperintensity volume, lower fractional anisotropy, and higher free water. Diabetes status was also associated with larger lateral ventricles as well as smaller total brain, frontal gray matter, and occipital gray matter volumes. The association between diabetes and brain MRI outcomes was stronger in middle-aged and older individuals (50 years and older) compared to younger individuals (35-49 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetes was associated with markers of small vessel disease (white matter micro and macrostructural damage) and neurodegeneration (smaller brain volumes). White matter hyperintensities have been associated with increased risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Other work has found that free water and fractional anisotropy may predict worse cognitive performance, even in normal-appearing white matter. Smaller brain volumes have also been associated with cognitive deficits. These findings highlight the additional ADRD burden this population faces due to their higher diabetes prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13172035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-cohort analysis of metagenome for type 2 diabetes identified universal gut microbiota signatures across populations.","authors":"Ying Dong, Minjie Wang, Xinyu Zhou, Pan Wang, Kaixin Yan, Siyuan Wang, Jiu-Chang Zhong, Hong Li, Lin Zhao, Bo Li, Jing Li","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00418-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00418-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have investigated the association between the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in various populations. Nonetheless, noises specific to individual cohorts might distort the microbial dysbiosis characteristics and result in inconsistent findings across studies. Thus, we aimed to identify the universal features of perturbed gut microbiota across diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 433 fecal shotgun metagenomic sequences were analyzed to profile and compare the gut microbiome shifts between patients with T2D and healthy controls from cohorts in Europe and Asia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on cross-cohort integrative analysis, patients with T2D showed significantly higher microbial alpha diversity, and distinctive microbial structures compared to healthy individuals. By excluding bacteria exhibiting divergent directional changes, consistent characteristics with ten T2D-enriched bacteria, such as Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium citroniae and eight T2D-depleted bacteria, including Streptococcus thermophiles and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were revealed across populations. Particularly, these reliable bacterial markers, which were robust against demographic variation, distinguished patients with T2D from healthy controls with high accuracy (AUCs > 0.8) in both European and Asian cohorts. Correlation analysis demonstrated that T2D-enriched and T2D-depleted bacteria, respectively, formed their own mutualistic networks that were negatively linked to each other. Moreover, T2D-enriched bacteria were dramatically positively associated with fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Functionally, 10 KEGG pathways with consistent directional changes across European, Asian, and combined cohorts were identified. Specifically, the Nucleotide excision repair pathway was markedly downregulated in patients with T2D, while the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications was consistently enriched in patients with T2D across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results elucidated reproducible profiles of gut commensal bacteria in patients with T2D, which are robust across populations. Identifying the universal gut microbiome signatures of T2D in heterogeneous cohorts offers valuable insights for understanding disease development and is crucial for prevention and diagnosis across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13057204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of type 2 diabetes according to glycemic status: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Sihan Song, Mi Kyoung Son, Bo Mi Song, Joong-Yeon Lim, Hyun-Young Park","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00416-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00416-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on whether the association between vitamin D levels and diabetes risk differs across glycemic statuses is limited. We investigated the association between circulating vitamin D levels and type 2 diabetes risk according to glycemic status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 3604 participants without diabetes (mean age: 56 years) whose serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in the community-based Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (2007-2009). Fasting and 2-h post-load glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured biannually over a 14-year follow-up period. Season-standardized serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into <25 (deficient), 25-50 (insufficient), and ≥ 50 nmol/L (sufficient). We assessed the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and type 2 diabetes risk using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates, stratifying by glycemic status and individual glycemic markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 43,176 person-years of follow-up, 796 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants with vitamin D deficiency, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for type 2 diabetes in those with vitamin D sufficiency were 0.80 (0.62-1.04) overall, 0.55 (0.32-0.97) in participants with normoglycemia, and 0.93 (0.69-1.24) in those with prediabetes (P for interaction by glycemic status = 0.04). The association between serum 25(OH)D levels and diabetes risk differed according to HbA1c level (P for interaction = 0.05); a trend toward a lower risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in participants with HbA1c < 5.7% but not in those with HbA1c 5.7-6.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes differed by glycemic status, with a more pronounced inverse association among participants with normoglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between assisted reproductive technology and gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of serum folate and triglycerides.","authors":"Bin Zhang, Sijie Xi, Runrun Hao, Zhaolong Zhan, Zhonghua Shi, Xiaosong Yuan","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00414-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00414-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women conceiving via assisted reproductive technology (ART) may have a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to those who conceive spontaneously. However, the underlying factors associated with this relationship are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between ART conception and GDM prevalence and to explore related maternal serum biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an observational cohort of 11,563 singleton pregnancies, GDM was diagnosed at 24-28 weeks. We compared maternal characteristics, GDM prevalence, and late-pregnancy serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and lipids between ART and spontaneously conceived women. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the independent association between ART and GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 2.3% conceived through ART. The overall GDM prevalence was 8.4%, but significantly higher in the ART group (15.0%). Within the ART group, GDM was more common among women with advanced age (23.2%), obesity (21.8%), or multiparity (25.0%). After adjustment for confounders, ART conception remained independently associated with an increased prevalence of GDM (adjusted OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03-2.15). Furthermore, women in the ART group had significantly higher adjusted serum levels of folate (adjusted β = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.96-5.21) and triglycerides (adjusted β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.37) compared to the spontaneous conception group. In the entire cohort, higher levels of both folate (adjusted OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.71-2.85) and triglycerides (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.31-2.22) were independently associated with an increased GDM prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study confirms that ART pregnancies are associated with a higher risk of GDM and with elevated circulating folate and triglyceride concentrations at delivery. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring GDM risk and metabolic profiles in pregnancies achieved through ART. Future studies with biomarker assessments earlier in gestation are needed to clarify whether maternal folate and lipid metabolism contribute causally to the excess risk of GDM in ART pregnancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional contents, nutritional quality and manufacturer of ready foods in China: a cross-sectional study of 2087 food products.","authors":"Tengyi Wang, Yuze Xin, Xinyan Liu, Pengpeng Ye, Shuangjie Peng, Shiwenqian Yin, Jinyu Liang, Leon Booth, Kristy Law, Kathy K Trieu, Simone Pettigrew, Jason Hy Wu, Maoyi Tian","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00413-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00413-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China's rapid economic development and urbanisation have led to significant shifts in dietary habits, moving from home-cooked meals to ready foods. This transition may exacerbate the burden of non-communicable diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to (i) assess the overall nutritional quality and quantities of specific nutrients of ready foods available from Chinese online stores, (ii) evaluate whether these foods comply with national dietary recommendations, and (iii) determine whether the nutritional quality of ready foods differs across manufacturers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analysed ready foods from four major Chinese online stores: Taobao, JD.com, Suning, and Vipshop. Ready foods include pre-packaged, partially processed foods requiring minimal cooking or reheating before consumption. The nutritional quality was calculated based on the amount of dietary fibre, saturated fat, protein, sugar, sodium, and energy of the product by using the Health Star Rating (HSR) scoring algorithm. Continuous and categorical variables are described using means (standard deviation [SD]) or median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) and proportions respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 109 419 products from the four major online stores, with 2 087 products included in analyses after conducting eligibility checks and removing duplicates. Median nutritional values for all ready foods were as follows: energy content 2203.3 kJ (IQR 2055.6-3222.5), protein content 29.2 g (IQR 14.9-51.5), fat content 35.5 g (IQR 17.0-57.4), carbohydrate content 15.5 g (IQR 5.8-45.6), and sodium content 1733.6 mg (IQR 995.7-3287.1). Only 25.3% of products met the estimated energy recommended range according to the Chinese dietary reference intakes and more than 85.6% exceeded the recommended sodium intake according to Chinese dietary guidelines. The mean HSR was 2.7 (SD = 0.9), and less than half (32.9%) were classified as healthy products (HSR ≥ 3.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many of the assessed Chinese ready foods failed to meet national dietary recommendations for nutrient composition and exhibited overall low overall nutritional quality. Potential strategies to combat the growing burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases include (i) enhancing consumer awareness about the nutritional aspects of ready foods, (ii) encouraging the food industry to reformulate products, and (iii) supporting consumers to choose healthier options.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12996493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous effect of saxagliptin on glucose fluctuation and β-cell function in T1DM: a multicentre, randomised trial.","authors":"Yun Shi, Min Shen, Yong Gu, Yang Chen, Kuanfeng Xu, Ji Hu, Chen Fang, Heming Guo, Ning Xu, Guofeng Wang, Weiping Lu, Sha Tao, Songqing Zhao, Chengxia Fang, Jianhua Ma, Rengna Yan, Rui Sun, Li Qian, Chenguang Wu, Hui Jiang, Tao Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00411-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00411-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>We aimed to explore whether saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, could ameliorate glucose fluctuations and maintain β-cell function in T1DM.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A multicentre, open-label, randomised trial was performed, including 184 T1DM patients from six medical centres. These patients received insulin with or without saxagliptin at 5 mg per day for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change from the baseline value of the MAGE, as measured by a CGMS after 24 weeks. The secondary endpoints included the change from baseline value of islet function during the 3-hour BMTT, HbA1c, and insulin dosage. The exploratory analysis was the influence of SNPs in the incretin-related genes on saxagliptin treatment outcomes. No differences were observed between the two groups in MAGE after treatment for 24 weeks. The change of C-peptide_max levels from baseline to 24 weeks in SAXA group (insulin plus saxagliptin) was higher than in CONT group (insulin only) [p = 0.040]. No difference were observed between the groups in HbA1c, insulin dosage after 24 weeks. In SAXA group, rs10305439, rs10305441 of GLP1R and rs6233 of PCSK1/3 were associated with HbA1c response (p = 0.026, 0.019, and 0.048 respectively); the G allele of rs2143734 of GLP1R were associated with lower change of fasting C-peptide from baseline (p = 0.029) CONCLUSIONS: The saxagliptin did not ameliorate glucose fluctuations; however, it appeared to maintain β-cell function to some extent, and SNPs in the incretin-related gene may indicate responsiveness to DPP-IV inhibitors in T1DM.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>Gov number, NCT02307695.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12987927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between steatotic liver disease and chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study highlighting metabolic comorbidities.","authors":"Xiang Ji, Jinguo Jiang, Yunyun Liu, Liuxin Li, Honghao Yang, Zheng Ma, Chenying Wang, Tingjing Zhang, Yuhong Zhao, Yashu Liu, Yang Xia","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00412-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00412-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Steatotic liver disease (SLD)-a term encompassing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major global health concerns. Metabolic factors, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are integral to the definitions of MAFLD and MASLD and may confound their association with CKD. This study aimed to update a meta-analysis on the association between SLD and CKD risk and to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal roles of SLD and metabolic factors in CKD. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 5, 2024, for eligible studies. Random-effects models were used to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two-sample MR was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary model, with additional methods applied for sensitivity analyses. A total of 34 studies involving 3,783,136 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant positive associations between MAFLD, NAFLD, and MASLD with CKD (MAFLD: OR 1.41 [1.07-1.84], RR 1.64 [1.39-1.94], HR 1.64 [1.39-1.94]; NAFLD: OR 1.19 [1.08-1.31], RR 1.66 [1.45-1.91], HR 1.43 [1.31-1.55]; MASLD: HR 1.34 [1.08-1.67]). These findings support a significant association between SLD (MAFLD, NAFLD, and MASLD) and an increased risk of CKD. However, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis found no causal effect of SLD on CKD risk. In contrast, genetically predicted metabolic factors-including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-were significantly associated with an increased CKD risk. These findings suggest that metabolic dysfunction, rather than SLD itself, may be the main driver of CKD risk. This underscores the clinical importance of early screening and intervention for metabolic health in patients with SLD to reduce the burden of CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Beverage Quality Index and type 2 diabetes risk in women: a prospective analysis of the Mexican Teachers' Cohort.","authors":"Maria G Jacobo Cejudo, Adriana Monge, Neha Khandpur, Trudy Voortman, Dalia Stern, Johanna M Geleijnse","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00410-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00410-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individual beverages have shown divergent associations with type 2 diabetes. Whether overall beverage quality affects diabetes risk is unknown. Therefore, we estimated the association of a previously developed Beverage Quality Index (BQI) with the incidence of diabetes in Mexican women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 77,484 female participants from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort without diabetes at baseline (2006-2008). At baseline, diet was assessed using a 140-item food-frequency questionnaire. The BQI included seven components (coffee, milk, juices, sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs], alcohol, sugar added to beverages, and energy from beverages), with a total theoretical score ranging from 0 to 70. A higher score represents a healthier beverage intake pattern. Data on diabetes incidence were available through 2018 from self-reports or cross-linkage with administrative data. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' mean (SD) baseline age was 45.9 (7.2) years, and BQI score was 37.3 (8.6), ranging from 9.8 to 69.3. During a median follow-up of 7.6 years, 4521 participants developed diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, when comparing extreme categories (≥55 vs. <25), a higher BQI was suggestively associated with lower diabetes incidence (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.06), although the estimate was imprecise. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed no association between the BQI and diabetes incidence (p-nonlinearity = 0.20).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a cohort of Mexican women, the BQI for overall beverage quality showed no consistent association with diabetes incidence. Further research on beverage quality indices for Mexican populations, including those with high SSB intake, is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between diabetes, vitamin D status, depression, and Hispanic ethnicity: a project FRONTIER study.","authors":"Riley McCready, Claudia Morris, Philip Antwi-Adjei, Mohammed Pourghaed, Ashish Sarangi, Annette Boles, Felipe Ramirez-Velandia, Jonathan Kopel, John Culberson, Jonathan Singer, Gabriela Ashworth, Marwan N Sabbagh, Volker Neugebauer, Boris Decourt, Andrew C Shin, J Josh Lawrence","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00409-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00409-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Vitamin D (VD) status has been linked to the development of diabetes. However, this relationship in the context of comorbid conditions remains understudied. Additionally, ethnic disparities in nutritional status and chronic disease prevalence within rural populations are a vastly underrepresented area of research. In our previous study, we explored VD levels and depression in a rural West Texas aging sample. In the present study, we investigated the associations between diabetes, vitamin D (VD) levels, depression, and Hispanic ethnicity (HE) among a sample of aging, rural West Texans from Project FRONTIER (PF; Facing Rural Obstacles to Health Care Now Through Intervention, Education, and Research).</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A cohort of 299 PF participants (mean age 62.6 ± 11.8 years old, 70.9% female, 40.5% HE) was used. We examined relationships between diabetes diagnosis, blood-based diabetes-related biomarkers, VD level, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score, and HE status. We developed a \"VD-sensitive GDS score\" composed of the 9 GDS questions that were significantly correlated with VD level in our previous study. We further created a complementary \"VD-insensitive GDS score\" composed of the remaining 21 GDS questions. Standard correlation and regression analyses were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VD level was significantly negatively associated with diabetes diagnosis, while VD-sensitive depression score was significantly positively associated with diabetes diagnosis. HE was associated with higher HbA1c levels, higher fasting blood glucose levels, and higher VD-sensitive depression scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this rural West Texas cohort, diabetes was significantly associated with low VD levels and high VD-sensitive depression scores. HE was associated with higher levels of diabetes-related biomarkers and higher VD-sensitive depression scores. These disparities are crucial to consider when examining areas for healthcare improvement in West Texas, particularly among aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12770327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The promising effects of a multi-species synbiotic preparation on metabolic profile in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Neda Dolatkhah, Elnaz Nourizadeh, Naser Aghamohammadzadeh, Shahrzad Yahyavi, Fariba Eslamian, Maryam Hashemian","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00408-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00408-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) experience a significantly raised risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the effect of the multi-species synbiotic supplementation in elderly patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-six patients with T2DM, aged ≥65 years with high cardiovascular risk, were enrolled between January 2022 and May 2023 and randomly allocated to receive a synbiotic supplement, containing a multi-species probiotic, and fructooligosaccharide as a prebiotic, or placebo supplements for 4 months. The primary outcome was the mean difference in weight change between synbiotics and placebo. The secondary outcomes were the mean difference in modifications in the body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM), and biochemical parameters, including glucose metabolism indices, lipid profile, and adhesion molecules between the two groups due to the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-five participants completed the study. The mean weight [-1.16 kg (-1.36 to -0.97)], body mass index (BMI) [-0.44 kg/m² (-0.36 to -0.51)], and BFM [-0.99 kg (-1.05 to -0.93)] decreased significantly in the synbiotic group compared to the placebo group in the linear mixed analysis of covariance analysis (all p < 0.001). The mean serum Low-density-Lipoprotein (LDL-C) [-10.83 mg/dl (-14.78 to -6.88)], and total cholesterol [-11.78 mg/dl (-16.44 to -7.11)], vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) [-85.70 ng/L (-150.14 to -21.26)], fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [-22.83 mg/dl (-31.30 to -14.36)], and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR.) [-1.31 (-1.75 to -0.86)] improved in the synbiotic group significantly compared to the placebo group (p = 0.002, p = 0.012, p = 0.017, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). No serious adverse events were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multi-species synbiotic preparation benefits elderly patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk and improves weight, BMI, BFM, and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VCAM-1, FPG, and HOMA-IR. These findings suggest synbiotics may have health-promoting impacts in older patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12770592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}