Neuroscience bulletin最新文献

{"title":"A Brainstem Pathway for Vagal Analgesia: A Critical Role of Local Inhibition in the cNTS.","authors":"Hong-Bin Wang, Rong Luo, Hao-Di Tang, Ruotian Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01733-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-026-01733-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mescaline Alters Cerebellar Function, Global Connectivity, and Frequency-Selective Acoustic Gating: A BOLD fMRI Study in Awake Rats.","authors":"Noah Cavallaro, Priya Rai, David Akins, Sima Soltanpour, Md Taufiq Nasseef, Richard J Ortiz, Rachel Utama, Caitlyn R Cody, Anoushka Mistry, Heather C Brenhouse, Praveen P Kulkarni, Craig F Ferris","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01632-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01632-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mescaline, a 5-HT2A agonist psychedelic used ceremonially for millennia, lacks neuroimaging characterization due to its Schedule 1 status. Using pharmacological and resting-state fMRI in awake rats, we report mescaline's first comprehensive neurobiological profile. Acutely, mescaline produced cerebellar-selective BOLD suppression, suggesting functional disconnection from forebrain structures. Paradoxically, resting-state analysis revealed global hyperconnectivity, with the cerebellum forming enhanced connections to the hippocampus, thalamus, somatosensory cortex, and midbrain. Mescaline abolished normal BOLD responses to rewarding olfactory stimuli, indicating disrupted sensory processing. Pre-pulse inhibition showed frequency-dependent acoustic gating effects: enhancement at 4 kHz (+ 27.6%) and 20 kHz (+ 27.3%), but impairment at 12 kHz (- 16.4%). These findings distinguish mescaline from LSD and psilocybin, implicating the cerebellum as a dysregulated sensory filter that floods forebrain circuits with unprocessed sensorimotor information-a potential mechanism underlying psychedelic-induced perceptual alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2219-2237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Spinal Dorsal Horn Sensitisation in Chronic Pain: Mechanisms and Translational Strategies.","authors":"Volodymyr Krotov, Olga Kopach","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01642-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01642-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain is a multidimensional, highly debilitating disease arising from diverse functional and structural impairments across the nervous system. Despite heterogeneous aetiologies, chronic pain states converge on shared pathophysiological mechanisms: peripheral and central sensitisation. These dysfunctions reflect long-term functional and structural plasticity within the peripheral and central nociceptive pathways, resulting in amplified signal transmission and pain chronification. Historically, research and drug development prioritised peripheral targets to suppress nociceptive inputs, often neglecting central sensitisation, a core mechanism of treatment-resistant pain. Sensitisation of dorsal horn (DH) circuits underlies network hyperexcitability associated with disrupted excitation-inhibition balance, synaptic potentiation, and circuit reorganisation. This review summarises recent advances in delineating synaptic, cellular, and DH network-level adaptations underlying chronic pain. We discuss emerging mechanism-based strategies to restore circuit balance by targeting cell-type-specific maladaptive plasticity rather than globally suppressing neural activity. Targeted approaches hold promise for improving the specificity, efficacy, and safety of next-generation chronic pain therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2358-2380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Stress Drives Adaptive Anxiety via Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in the Prefrontal-Amygdala Circuit in Male Mice.","authors":"Jia-Xin Zou, En Cao, Zhi-Hao Wang, Rui Han, Xing-Yan Lu, Cheng-Yuan Huang, Xia Qin, Wei-Zhu Liu, Wen-Hua Zhang, Bing-Xing Pan","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01682-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01682-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute stress rapidly reshapes brain function to promote adaptive behavioral responses. Although dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-amygdala circuit is well established in chronic stress-related anxiety, its role in acute adaptive anxiety remains unresolved. Here, using an acute restraint stress (ARS) model in male mice, we identified temporally restricted, projection-specific recruitment of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) circuitry that regulates acute anxiety-like behavior. ARS selectively increased the activity of dmPFC projection neurons (PNs) at 2 h, but not 24 h post-stress, with minimal ventromedial prefrontal cortex engagement. This transient activation was confined to basolateral amygdala-projecting neurons (dmPFC^→BLA PNs) in layer II/III and layer V. Mechanistically, ARS enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission without altering inhibition, shifting the excitation-inhibition balance toward excitation in dmPFC^→BLA PNs. Functionally, inhibiting this circuit attenuated ARS-induced anxiety-like behavior, whereas activating it in unstressed mice recapitulated an anxiogenic state.</p>","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2269-2285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Brain Spatial Metabolic Atlas Reveals Anesthesia-Induced Region-Specific Alterations.","authors":"Wei Feng, Lijuan Pang, Chun-Jie Liu, Jiuming He, Lisi Wang, Zhenyu Xu, Yinglong Zeng, Zengqiang Yuan, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01675-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01675-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain supports consciousness through regional heterogeneity. However, the spatial complexity of its metabolome under anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we established a spatial metabolomic atlas of the mouse brain under wakefulness, inhalation anesthesia, and injectable anesthesia. In total, 727 metabolites were identified and spatially mapped across 11 representative brain regions. We found that anesthesia significantly altered the brain metabolic landscape in a spatially dependent manner, particularly affecting lipid metabolism, amino acid pathways, and neurotransmitter-related metabolites. Furthermore, we monitored the cortical microvascular blood flow and blood oxygen levels during anesthesia. We observed that different anesthesia modalities induced distinct changes in cortical arteriovenous microvascular hemodynamics, suggesting a potential association between metabolic alterations and cerebrovascular regulation. We developed an open-access online database, the mouse brain spatial metabolome atlas ( https://mbsma.liulab.cloud/#/dashboard ), to facilitate access to and analysis of the dataset. Our study reveals anesthesia-induced spatial metabolic reprogramming in the brain, providing insights into neural metabolism and cerebrovascular dynamics, with implications for perioperative brain protection and safer anesthesia strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2181-2198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Rather Than Replacing: MECP2 Isoform Switching Opens a New Therapeutic Avenue for Rett Syndrome.","authors":"Xue Liu, Ling Gong, Miao He","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01696-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01696-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2412-2414"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MPOA-VTA Pathway: From Pup Care to Adult Helping.","authors":"Keyu Chen, Jingkai Fan, Han Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01687-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01687-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2405-2408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining PHOX2B-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders as Circuitopathies: A New Paradigm in Autonomic Network Medicine.","authors":"Zixu Zhang, Shengru Hu, Yaxuan Chen, Ting He, Wei Xie, Mingdao Mu","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01641-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01641-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paired-like homeobox transcription factor 2B (PHOX2B) is a master regulator whose mutations cause a spectrum of severe neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), Hirschsprung disease, and neuroblastoma. For decades, a central paradox has challenged the field: how can PHOX2B's seemingly restricted expression in the brainstem account for the broad, multi-system clinical phenotypes observed in patients? Here, we elucidate how this paradox has been resolved by recent methodological advances. We synthesize evidence from multiple complementary methodologies, including single-cell transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics, and viral circuit tracing, which have revealed a vastly expanded PHOX2B anatomical landscape. These advances uncover previously unrecognized expression in caudal midbrain and higher brainstem regions, supportive glial populations, and peripheral components, extending far beyond classical autonomic nuclei. Furthermore, while mapping evidence predominantly derives from murine models, insights from human disease models, such as pluripotent stem cell-derived brainstem organoids, suggest that PHOX2B orchestrates integrated neuro-glial networks rather than isolated functions. Consequently, we propose reconceptualizing CCHS and related conditions as a class of multi-system network disorders termed PHOX2B circuitopathies. This circuitopathy framework critically differentiates primary circuit disruptions from secondary systemic cascades (such as hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits), providing a cohesive mechanistic basis for the constellation of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurobehavioral symptoms. Crucially, it advances the field beyond the reactive, symptomatic management predominantly outlined in current clinical guidelines. By shifting the focus toward proactive, precision drug discovery and circuit-targeted strategies, this paradigm establishes a roadmap for developing network-based biomarkers and exploring novel disease-modifying interventions beyond conventional ventilatory support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2381-2392"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Theoretical Evolution of Social Memory and the Core Contribution of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.","authors":"Tianyu Li, Xiaohui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01625-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01625-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social interaction is a process in which two or more conspecific individual information and engage with one another, mutually influencing each other's behavior. Within this framework, social cognition and social memory constitute fundamental components that enable adaptive social behaviors. Deficits in social cognition and memory have been implicated in various psychiatric disorders since social memory itself represents a core expression of episodic memory. In this review, we summarize the theoretical evolution of understanding the social cognitive memory from the grandmother cell hypothesis to the concept cells and engram assemblies, and highlight key neural mechanistic advances derived from studies in mice. We particularly focus on the social engram assemblies and their functions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and further discuss the potential role of neural manifold analysis and neural attractor networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2339-2357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium Enhances Survival Bias Associated with the Lateral Habenula Suppression.","authors":"Kunlin Liu, Rui Zhu, Haoyue Guo, Jinghuan Li, Qianfu Wang, Yi He, Chenggang Zhu, Zheng Ma, Xiaodan Jiang, Jack van Honk, Jin Bao","doi":"10.1007/s12264-026-01683-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12264-026-01683-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19314,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"2399-2404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}