NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Attention decoding at the cocktail party: Preserved in hearing aid users, reduced in cochlear implant users","authors":"Constantin Jehn ,&nbsp;Jasmin Riegel ,&nbsp;Tobias Reichenbach ,&nbsp;Anja Hahne ,&nbsp;Niki Katerina Vavatzanidis","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Users of hearing aids (HAs) and cochlear implants (CIs) experience significant difficulty understanding a target speaker in multi-talker environments or when other background noise is present. Segregation of a particular voice from background noise occurs partly through enhanced cortical tracking of amplitude fluctuations in the target signal. Measuring a person’s cortical tracking allows decoding their focus of attention and may be used for neurofeedback in hearing devices, potentially aiding their users with speech-in-noise comprehension. Most studies on cortical speech tracking have employed typical hearing (TH) individuals, whereas studies in people with hearing impairment whose cortical tracking may differ are still scarce. The objective of this study was to compare cortical speech tracking of HA (n=29) and CI users (n=24) to that of age-matched TH individuals (n=29). We recorded EEG data while the participants attended one of two competing talkers (one with a female and one with a male voice), in a free-field acoustic environment. Importantly, HA users as well as CI users used their personal, clinically-fitted devices. Cortical speech tracking was assessed through linear backward and forward models that related the EEG data to the speech envelope. For the CI users, electrical artifacts stemming from the implant were addressed through a bespoke method for artifact rejection. We found that the HA group exhibited cortical tracking and attentional modulation that were largely comparable to those of the TH group. CI users also showed successful cortical tracking. However, they displayed a profound deficit in attentional modulation, seen in the significantly poorer neural segregation of the attended vs. the ignored speech streams. These results shed light on a neurobiological mechanism for speech-in-noise comprehension and have implications for neurofeedback in hearing devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VSSI2p-Net: Physics-guided deep unfolding with L2p-norm and variation sparsity for EEG source imaging","authors":"Luhua Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenghui Gu ,&nbsp;Ke Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Tianyou Yu ,&nbsp;Zhuliang Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroencephalogram (EEG) source imaging (ESI) is highly underdetermined, which poses a long-standing challenge in neuroimaging. Traditional methods typically rely on predefined priors to constrain the solution space; however, the need for manual parameter adjustments often makes it difficult to achieve optimal integration of prior information. Although recent deep learning methods can automatically update parameters in a data-driven manner, their black-box characteristics lead to a lack of interpretability and the need for extensive training sets. To integrate the advantages of these two types of methods, we propose a novel neural network model based on deep unfolding, called variation sparse source imaging network (VSSI<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-Net). Specifically, we introduce variation sparsity and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> norm (<span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>) regularization into the model of the ESI problem and utilize the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to iteratively solve this model. Furthermore, by mapping the iterative process into a neural network structure, the proposed VSSI<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-Net can optimize all parameters, including the critical <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-norm and the variation sparsity operator, in an end-to-end manner with a reasonably sized training set. In this way, VSSI<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-Net achieves more flexible prior information integration while retaining the interpretability of traditional methods, so that a more accurate and efficient solution for ESI can be obtained. We compared the performance of VSSI<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-Net with several traditional baseline methods and state-of-the-art deep learning methods on synthetic and real datasets. The results show that VSSI<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-Net significantly outperforms existing methods in source localization accuracy, spatial range estimation, and imaging speed across various source configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-induced takotsubo syndrome: dynamic changes in regional cerebral metabolism revealed by quantitative PET imaging","authors":"Alejandro Ariza-Carrasco ,&nbsp;Thulaciga Yoganathan ,&nbsp;María Alonso de Leciñana ,&nbsp;Thomas Viel ,&nbsp;Nidaa Mikail ,&nbsp;Joaquin L. Herraiz ,&nbsp;Jose M. Udias ,&nbsp;Paula Ibáñez ,&nbsp;Bertrand Tavitian ,&nbsp;Mailyn Pérez-Liva","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases such as Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), which mimics an acute coronary syndrome without coronary obstruction. TTS is triggered by surgery, trauma, and emergency treatments in patients, and is reproduced in animal models by a catecholamine surge that impacts cardiac sympathetic innervation. The action of catecholamines on energy metabolism is well documented in the heart, less so in the brain. We investigated the effects of acute catecholaminergic stress on regional cerebral glucose metabolism and interregional metabolic organization in a TTS rat model using FDG-PET and quantitative two-tissue compartment modeling. Adult female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO) (50 mg/kg). Dynamic FDG-PET imaging was performed at baseline, 2 hours (acute phase), and 7 days (recovery phase) post-injection. Kinetic parameters, namely glucose inflow (K1) and glucose phosphorylation (k3), were quantified in 58 brain regions. Interregional metabolic coordination, defined as statistically significant linear correlations between regional kinetic parameters, was assessed across functional brain areas. During the acute phase, the catecholaminergic surge induced widespread reductions in glucose inflow and regional decreases in phosphorylation, particularly in the limbic and sensorimotor areas. During the recovery phase, most regions remained below baseline. Metabolic coordination increased for glucose inflow in both phases but declined for phosphorylation, especially during recovery, indicating a disruption of metabolic synchronization. Persistent changes in brain metabolism imply that mid-to-long-term changes in regional cerebral metabolism may contribute to long-term TTS consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling clouded consciousness: Broad-band EEG slowing tracks recovery from post-traumatic confusional state","authors":"Michele Angelo Colombo ,&nbsp;Chiara-Camilla Derchi ,&nbsp;Tiziana Atzori ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Litterio ,&nbsp;Pietro Arcuri ,&nbsp;Chiara Valota ,&nbsp;Arturo Chieregato ,&nbsp;Jorge Navarro ,&nbsp;Marcello Massimini ,&nbsp;Angela Comanducci","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-traumatic confusional state (PTCS) frequently occurs during the recovery from disorders of consciousness (DoC) following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Confusional symptoms span multiple domains influencing consciousness, including impairments in the access and integration of mental contents, distortions in perceptual and emotional experiences, vigilance fluctuations, and deficits in memory, orientation, and executive control. While the clinical presentation can be systematically characterized using the Confusion Assessment Protocol (CAP), the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Specifically, slowing of both periodic and aperiodic EEG activity is a consistent finding across multiple alterations of consciousness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We assessed whether recovery from PTCS involves a renormalization of EEG slowing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recorded resting-state EEG from subacute severe TBI patients at admission (T0), comparing patients with PTCS (N=22) to TBI Controls who had already emerged (N = 19). Patients with PTCS were longitudinally monitored using CAP, and a follow-up EEG (T1) was acquired after rehabilitation either upon recovery (N=19) or at discharge (N=3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Recovery from PTCS was marked by partial normalization of the spectral profile—as indexed by the spectral exponent, and peak frequency—converging toward the profile of TBI Controls. However, marginal persistent elevations in power, indexed by spectral offset and delta power, indicated residual abnormalities. Spectral features, particularly spectral exponent and offset, correlated with CAP and robustly discriminated the presence of PTCS (bivariate model ROC AUC = 0.894).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Results show that PTCS is marked by broadband EEG slowing affecting both periodic and aperiodic activity. Spectral reorganization over time provides insight into the mechanisms of recovery from PTCS and may inform rehabilitation pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of flexible cognitive control","authors":"Chengyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Carol A. Seger ,&nbsp;Yixuan Ku ,&nbsp;Canhuang Luo ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiefeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In dynamic environments, flexible cognitive control adaptively adjusts processing through proactive mechanisms deployed in advance and reactive mechanisms engaged upon conflict. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying neural networks supporting specific control components, while less is known about how multiple components interact over time to support adaptive control. To characterize these temporal dynamics, we combined electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with a face-word Stroop paradigm under changing conflict environment. A hierarchical Bayesian model was used to estimate trial-wise learning rate, predicted conflict level, and prediction error, providing computational indices of cognitive control flexibility. Neural correlation analysis indicated that these variables correlated with Theta, Alpha, and Beta oscillations in distinct brain regions. Granger causality analyses revealed connectivity patterns among these regions that varied across different task phase. Furthermore, connections reflecting updates to predicted conflict level prior to stimulus onset indexed individual strength in proactive control, while connections reflecting learning rate updates after stimulus onset indexed reactive control. These findings highlight how oscillatory dynamics coordinate multiple control components and provide new insight into how proactive and reactive control emerge as distinct modes within this interconnected neural architecture of flexible cognitive control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen dependency of cognition: Neural mechanisms of reversible cognitive changes in Tibetan highlanders during altitudinal migration","authors":"Xiaoyan Li ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Yaping Zeng ,&nbsp;Dacheng Ren ,&nbsp;Hailin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic changes occurring in the brain to adapt to the environment are crucial for human survival. Extensive research has demonstrated that the Tibetan population, indigenous to the plateau, has evolved unique physiological adaptations to hypoxia. However, the neurocognitive basis of these adaptive strategies remains incompletely understood. This study employs a multimodal approach (behavioral testing, event-related potentials, and time-frequency analysis) to systematically examine the effects of long-term high-altitude hypoxic exposure (3680 m) on working memory function in indigenous Tibetans. The aim is to determine whether this impact stems from energy-constrained adaptive functional adjustments or irreversible neurofunctional impairment. Participants included high-altitude native Tibetans, Tibetan migrants residing at plain for 1 and 3 years, and low-altitude Han Chinese controls. Results revealed that spatial working memory remained unaffected in native Tibetans, while verbal working memory accuracy (ACC) showed statistically significant decline. Following relocation to the plains, verbal working memory progressively recovered with increasing duration of residence, with the 3-year group reaching control levels. Neurophysiological data further revealed compensatory increases in late positive potential (LPP) amplitude and beta-band oscillatory power among high-altitude natives, both of which exhibited linear decline with residence duration in individuals relocated to the plains. These findings indicate that high-altitude hypoxia does not cause permanent impairment of verbal working memory function. Instead, it induces selective inhibition of energy-intensive verbal processing systems under energy-constrained conditions. This inhibition is environmentally dependent and reversibly restores upon improved oxygen supply. This study confirms at the cognitive neural mechanism level that functional changes induced by high-altitude hypoxia are fundamentally energy-optimization-driven adaptive reorganization, providing crucial empirical evidence for understanding human brain plasticity under extreme conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the role of sociodemographic factors in sex/gender differences in emotional brain activation: an SDM-PSI meta-analysis of fMRI studies","authors":"Paula Ariño-Braña ,&nbsp;Rita Vieira ,&nbsp;Carles Soriano-Mas ,&nbsp;Joaquim Radua ,&nbsp;Maria Picó-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The study of sex/gender (S/G) differences in neuroscience, particularly in emotional processing, has been hindered by methodological inconsistencies, often producing biased conclusions that overgeneralize brain differences between males and females. Moreover, many studies fail to consider how other sociodemographic factors interact with S/G to influence the brain. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating whether potential S/G effects in brain activation during emotion-evoking functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks are influenced by those factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. We searched for peer-reviewed studies on S/G differences in whole-brain activations during fMRI emotion-evoking tasks. Data analysis was conducted using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the type of tasks and on race, and meta-regressions assessed the impact of age, education, and hormonal contraceptive use on the main effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>63 studies were included for the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 5,436 individuals from the general population (2,635 females). The main meta-analysis showed no significant S/G activation differences at the whole-brain level. Subgroup analyses, however, revealed significant S/G differences depending on the type of task and the race subgroup, while meta-regression analyses showed significant associations between S/G effects and education and hormonal contraceptive use, with notable shifts in activation patterns across these variables.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings highlight the need for more complex, intersectional models that consider the dynamic interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in shaping S/G differences in brain function and mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse waveform and current direction alter network-level TMS-induced functional connectivity: Evidence from TMS-EEG","authors":"Delia Lucarelli ,&nbsp;Giacomo Guidali ,&nbsp;Roberto Guidotti ,&nbsp;Giulia Pieramico ,&nbsp;Nadia Bolognini ,&nbsp;Gian Luca Romani ,&nbsp;Vittorio Pizzella ,&nbsp;Laura Marzetti","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional connectivity analyses of electroencephalographic (EEG) data during concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can offer valuable insight into large-scale network dynamics. Still, the influence of TMS features on these measurements remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of key TMS parameters – pulse waveform and current direction – on the induced EEG functional connectivity of the motor system in the alpha and beta frequency bands.</div><div>We analyzed data from 32 healthy participants retrieved from an open-access repository. Left primary motor cortex (M1) was stimulated at rest while varying TMS pulse waveform (monophasic, biphasic) and current direction (posterior-to-anterior – PA, anterior-to-posterior – AP). TMS-induced functional connectivity patterns were examined across experimental conditions to assess differences given by the distinct parameters used.</div><div>In the alpha-band, TMS-induced left M1 connectivity was associated with a widespread network characterized by right-lateralized (i.e., contralateral to TMS site) communication to sensorimotor regions independent of stimulation features. Beta-band connectivity was more localized, with condition-dependent variations. Monophasic pulses led to stronger connectivity than biphasic pulses in the alpha band, with AP currents inducing the most significant modulation. In biphasic conditions, PA-AP stimulation produced the most substantial connectivity modulation in the alpha-band and the weakest in the beta-band, while AP-PA reversed this pattern.</div><div>Our findings highlight that TMS parameters can significantly modulate M1 oscillatory dynamics. The selective activation of distinct functional networks could represent a vital source of variability in TMS applications, emphasizing the importance of carefully choosing TMS features and supporting the evidence that motor system interregional communication follows frequency-specific patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A partially shared magnitude system: Common and specialized neural substrates underlying spatial, numerical, and temporal arithmetic","authors":"Liangzhi Jia ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengtao Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyi Liu ,&nbsp;Fangwen Yu ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnitude, such as time, space and number, constitutes a foundational construction of perceptual and cognitive experience. A Theory of Magnitude proposes that these dimensions are processed by a shared magnitude system. However, it remains unclear how this system supports the manipulation of multiple continuous magnitude information, such as arithmetic operation across domains and whether it operates as a fully shared or partially specialized subsystem. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated magnitude arithmetic in numerical, spatial and temporal domains. Conjunction analyses were conducted at each arithmetic stage (first operand, second operand, and probe) to identify overlapping activations across magnitude dimensions. To explore domain-specific differences, voxel-wise factorial ANOVA and task-dependent functional connectivity analyses were applied. Conjunction analyses revealed several overlapping neural substrates at each stage, including key components of the magnitude system. Voxel-wise factorial ANOVA demonstrated that numerical and spatial arithmetic showed greater activation in the bilateral superior occipital gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus, whereas temporal arithmetic elicited stronger activation in left precentral gyrus. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that temporal arithmetic showed greater coupling with bilateral precentral gyrus and cerebellum, whereas numerical and spatial arithmetic elicited stronger coupling with left inferior occipital gyrus, by using bilateral IPS as seed regions. In summary, arithmetic across different magnitude domains relies on a shared magnitude network, with numerical and spatial operations depending on visuospatial mechanisms while temporal operations depend on sensorimotor mechanisms. This dissociation indicates that static and dynamic magnitudes are supported by distinct subsystems, providing evidence for a partially shared magnitude system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glymphatic system impairment in Wilson’s disease: An overlooked mechanism for neurological dysfunction?","authors":"Gaiying Li ,&nbsp;Siyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Yupeng Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangzhen Yuan ,&nbsp;Ying Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Jing ,&nbsp;Luguang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wang ,&nbsp;Jianqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mounting evidence highlights the critical role of the brain’s glymphatic system in cerebral waste clearance, yet its alterations in Wilson’s disease (WD) remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate structural and functional alterations of the glymphatic system across WD clinical phenotypes and their associations with neurological impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nineteen patients with neurological WD (neuro-WD), 13 with hepatic WD (hep-WD), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Quantitative MRI metrics included choroid plexus (ChP) volume and diffusion parameters, basal ganglia perivascular space (PVS_BG) volume, and free water-eliminated diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (FWE-DTI-ALPS) index. Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA, post hoc <em>t</em>-tests, and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Partial correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between MRI and clinical parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ChP and PVS_BG volumes increased progressively across HC, hep-WD, and neuro-WD groups, whereas the FWE-DTI-ALPS index decreased (all p &lt; 0.01), accompanied by elevated free water content and altered diffusion properties in the ChP. The combination of ChP and PVS markers distinguished WD from HC (AUC = 0.939), while ChP volume alone effectively differentiated neuro-WD from hep-WD (AUC = 0.799). ChP volume correlated negatively with the FWE-DTI-ALPS index (<em>r</em> = –0.619), and PVS_BG volume was inversely associated with FWE-DTI-ALPS (<em>r</em> = –0.320). Clinically, ChP enlargement correlated with higher urinary copper levels, whereas fractional anisotropy values, both before and after free water correction, were negatively correlated with serum iron.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide preliminary imaging evidence of alterations in glymphatic-related MRI markers in WD and suggest that these markers may help differentiate neurological from hepatic phenotypes in research settings. In addition, we emphasize that the observed ALPS changes should be interpreted cautiously, and future longitudinal and multi-shell studies are required before clinical translation can be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}