NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Frequency- and State-Dependent Dynamics of EEG Microstates During Propofol Anesthesia.","authors":"Yun Zhang, Haidong Wang, Fei Yan, Dawei Song, Qiang Wang, Yubo Wang, Liyu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencephalography microstate analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating brain dynamics during anesthesia-induced unconsciousness. However, existing studies typically analyze EEG signals across broad frequency bands, leaving the frequency-specific temporal characteristics of microstates poorly understood. In this study, we investigated frequency-specific EEG microstate features in the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and EEG-without-delta (4-30 Hz) frequency bands during propofol anesthesia. Sixty-channel EEG recordings were collected from 18 healthy male participants during wakefulness and propofol-induced unconsciousness. Microstate analysis was conducted separately for delta and EEG-without-delta frequency bands and microstate features were compared across frequency bands and conscious states. Our results revealed eight consistent microstate classes (MS1-MS8) with high topographic similarity across frequency bands, while global explained variance (GEV), mean duration (MeanDur), occurrence (Occ), and coverage (Cov) exhibited significant frequency- and state-dependent variations during propofol anesthesia. In the delta band, propofol-induced unconsciousness was associated with significantly longer MeanDur for microstate classes of MS4, MS5, and MS6 (p < 0.05). In the EEG-without-delta band, GEV, Cov, and Occ significantly increased for MS1 and MS3 (p < 0.01) and decreased for MS2 and MS4 (p < 0.05) during unconsciousness. Notably, microstate features in the EEG-without-delta band showed better sensitivity for discriminating conscious states, achieving a classification accuracy of 0.944. These findings emphasize the importance of frequency-specific microstate analysis in unraveling the neural dynamics of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness and highlight its potential clinical applications for improving anesthesia depth monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-switching and frontal cortex functioning across adulthood: An fNIRS study.","authors":"Michael K Yeung","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Switching between tasks is slower and more error-prone than performing a single task. While studies have compared task-switching and associated neural processing between younger and older adults, knowledge of age-related differences in components of task-switching across adulthood, and associated neural mechanisms, remains elusive. In this study, these age differences were investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A sample of 132 adults aged 18-79 undertook a variant of the Trail Making Test and a task-switching paradigm. Hemodynamic changes in the bilateral frontal cortex during the task-switching paradigm were measured using a 48-channel fNIRS device. Behavioral results showed that age showed a negative linear relationship with time taken to task-switch and a negative quadratic relationship with success in task-switching. In addition, fNIRS results showed that age had a positive linear relationship with activation in the left posterolateral frontal cortex across trial conditions. Among older adults, who had slower and less accurate switch performance than younger adults, greater left posterolateral frontal activation was associated with faster and more accurate switch performance. Therefore, different aspects of task-switching performance exhibit varying patterns of age-related differences across adulthood. Increased engagement of the left posterolateral frontal cortex, which plays a specific role in reconfiguring and implementing relevant task rules, may help older adults compensate for declined switch performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter integrity of hearing and cognitive impairments in healthy aging","authors":"Samaneh Nemati ,&nbsp;Meisam Arjmandi ,&nbsp;Jean Neils-Strunjas ,&nbsp;Roger D. Newman-Norlund ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Newman-Norlund ,&nbsp;Laura Droege ,&nbsp;Leonardo Bonilha ,&nbsp;Julius Fridriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-Related Hearing Loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, affects two-thirds of U.S. adults over 70 and is linked to cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. This study examines associations between white matter integrity and hearing and cognitive function in healthy aging using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).</div><div>We recruited 126 participants (92 female) aged 20–79 years (<span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>51</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>34</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>54</mn></mrow></math></span>) from the Aging Brain Cohort Study at the University of South Carolina (ABC@UofSC). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and hearing was evaluated through pure-tone thresholds (PTT) and words-in-noise (WIN) thresholds. White matter integrity was measured with fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), and analyses examined relationships between these DTI metrics and hearing and cognitive scores using the region-of-interest regression analysis.</div><div>Results showed significant associations between lower FA and higher MD values and poorer hearing and cognitive performance, particularly in the anterior and superior corona radiata, corpus callosum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Additionally, ANOVA comparisons between older adults with and without hearing impairments revealed significant MD differences in several regions, indicating specific microstructural changes linked to auditory impairment.</div><div>This study contributes to the understanding of the neural bases of hearing and cognitive impairments, underscoring the potential of DTI as a complementary tool to gray matter-based studies in exploring reliable imaging evidence of hearing and cognitive impairments in healthy aging across adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Express your feelings in words when you get sick of others' pain: Effects of word labeling on pain empathy in phase-amplitude coupling.","authors":"Jiahe Sun, Wenguang He, Hongfei Ji, Jie Li, Jie Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Revealing the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying pain empathy has profound implications for the understanding of social emotions and pain regulation. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which pain empathy modulates individual experiences, focusing on two primary questions: When individuals empathize with pain, do they attend more to the emotional content associated with pain or the nociceptive experience itself? How does lexical labeling modulate negative affect during pain empathy? In this EEG study, we employed a labeling paradigm divided into pain labeling, affect labeling and tool labeling to distinguish emotional content from the nociceptive experience of pain stimuli. We collected data from 39 participants and analyzed their EEG components and frequency-specific brain activity across the experimental conditions. Cross-frequency coupling analyses were conducted to uncover the mechanisms by which pain empathy modulates emotional responses. Our findings revealed that compared to pain labeling and tool labeling, affect labeling more effectively reduces the negative affect associated with pain empathy. This was evidenced by the decreased amplitude of the P300 component and lower theta-band activity within the prefrontal cortex, predominantly during the later stages of labeling. Additionally, affect labeling was associated with enhanced theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling, with theta phase modulation in the posterior parietal and sensorimotor cortices influencing prefrontal gamma-band activity. These results suggest that, during pain empathy, individuals allocate greater attentional and cognitive resources to the emotional aspects of pain. Thus, implicit regulation of pain empathy involves coordinated interactions across multiple brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal executive function enhanced by prior acute inhalation of low-dose hypoxic gas: Modulation via cardiac vagal activity","authors":"Dongmin Lee ,&nbsp;Yudai Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Ryuta Kuwamizu ,&nbsp;Masahiro Okamoto ,&nbsp;Hideaki Soya","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, diverse psychophysiological stresses, such as severe time constraints and busy lifestyles, contribute to cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction, potentially leading to mental health issues and declines in critical executive functions. It is essential to develop accessible methods of enhancing cardiac vagal activity (CVA) to mitigate these adverse effects. We previously demonstrated that inhaling low-dose hypoxic gas (FIO₂: 13.5 %) for 10 min acts as a hormetic stressor, inducing a supercompensation effect in CVA post-hypoxia. Since CVA is a key mediator of brain-heart communication in that it influences executive functions by interacting with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC), increasing CVA may enhance cognitive ability. We hypothesized that acute low-dose hypoxia leads to enhanced executive function via CVA modulation. Twenty-six individuals participated in both normobaric hypoxia (NH; FIO₂: 13.5 %) and normoxia (NN; ambient air) conditions. CVA, measured through heart rate variability, was analyzed three times: pre-hypoxia/normoxia, hypoxia/normoxia, and post-hypoxia/normoxia. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop task before and after exposure, and prefrontal cortex activity during the task was monitored using multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy. A supercompensation of CVA occurred concomitantly with a reduction in heart rate following hypoxic gas inhalation. Stroop performance improved with increased task-related activation of the L<span>-DLPFC</span> in the NH condition. Causal mediation analysis revealed that the post-hypoxia enhancement of CVA mediated improvements in Stroop performance and increased L-DLPFC activation. These findings strongly support our hypothesis that the enhancement of CVA following hormetic hypoxic stress contributes to improved executive function, broadening the scope of neurocognitive approaches for effectively enhancing executive function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Speech and Gray Matter Volume: The Modulating Role of Multilingualism.","authors":"Hanxiang Yu, Keyi Kang, Christos Pliatsikas, Yushen Zhou, Haoyun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speech involves complex processes like language formulation, motor coordination, and cognitive functions. As people age, their speech abilities often decline, showing reduced fluency and complexity. Older adults also show decreased gray matter volume. However, the relationship between age-related differences in speech and gray matter volume remain unclear. Multilinguals may exhibit unique age-related speech patterns depending on their language profiles. This study investigates the relationships between age-related differences in brain structure and multilingual speech across different languages, considering the effects of multilingual experience. An integrated measure of speech was calculated and used to reflect the overall speech quality, which was lower in older than younger adults. Native language speech (i.e., Cantonese) was higher than non-native language speech (i.e., Mandarin), especially in older adults. More extensive use of multiple languages was associated with enhanced speech quality in both native and non-native languages. Age significantly impacts whole brain gray matter volume, which was lower in older than younger adults. The right middle temporal gyrus emerged as a critical region for speech in both languages in older adults. Bilateral putamen shows sensitivity to the effect of multilingual experience on speech performance in older adults. These findings underscore the complex interplay between age, multilingualism, and brain structure, providing valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying multilingual speech performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale connectivity of the human hippocampus and fimbria revealed by ex vivo diffusion MRI.","authors":"Madeline McCrea, Navya Reddy, Kathryn Ghobrial, Ryan Ahearn, Ryan Krafty, T Kevin Hitchens, Jorge Martinez-Gonzalez, Michel Modo","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human hippocampus is essential to cognition and emotional processing. Its function is defined by its connectivity. Although some pathways have been well-established, our knowledge about anterior-posterior connectivity and the distribution of fibers from major fiber bundles remain limited. Mesoscale (250 μm isotropic acquisition, upsampled to 125 μm) resolution MR images of the human temporal lobe afforded a detailed visualization of fiber tracts, including those that related anterior-posterior substructures defined as subregions (head, body, tail) and subfields (cornu ammonis 1-3, dentate gyrus) of the hippocampus. Fifty pathways were dissected between the head and body, highlighting an intricate mesh of connectivity between these two subregions. Along the body subregion, 12 lamellae were identified based on morphology and the presence of interlamellar fibers that appear to connect neighboring lamellae at the edge of the external limb of the granule cell layer (GCL). Translamellar fibers (i.e. longitudinal fibers crossing more than 2 lamellae) were also evident at the edge of the internal limb of the GCL. The dentate gyrus of the body was the main site of connectivity with the fimbria. Unique pathways were dissected within the fimbria that connected the body of the hippocampus with the amygdala and the temporal pole. A topographical segregation within the fimbria was determined by fibers' hippocampal origin, illustrating the importance of mapping the spatial distribution of fibers. Elucidating the detailed structural connectivity of the hippocampus is crucial to develop better diagnostic markers of neurological and psychiatric conditions, as well as to devise novel surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choline Levels in the Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Associated with Unpleasant Pain Experience and Anxiety.","authors":"Lina Hudhud, Jón Hauksson, Michael Haney, Tobias Sparrman, Johan Eriksson, Lenita Lindgren","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique used to measure biochemical molecules such as choline, glutamate, glutamine, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), many of which are relevant to anxiety and pain. However, the relationship between these neurotransmitters/metabolites and their implications for anxiety and subjective experience of pain is not yet fully understood. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between anxiety and pain ratings with levels of total choline, glutamate and GABA in brain regions known to be involved in anxiety and emotional experience of pain, specifically pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The levels of the neurotransmitters/metabolites were measured using GABA-edited Mescher-Garwood PRESS for GABA measurements, with the OFF-sequence measurements for total choline (tCho) and Glx (combined glutamate + glutamine). The total choline (tCho) signal in our analysis included glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and phosphocholine (PC), consistent with standard practices in MRS studies. This approach ensures a robust estimation of tCho concentrations across participants. The study collected data from 38 participants (17 males and 21 females). The analysis revealed a significant correlation between anxiety ratings before a standardized pain provocation and the rated pain unpleasantness during the pain provocation. tCho correlated negatively with these parameters in pgACC. A linear regression analysis indicated that tCho levels in pgACC has a significant negative association with anxiety and perceived pain when controlling for age, depressive symptoms, and alcohol and tobacco intake. We also found that sex significantly moderates the relationship between pgACC choline levels and pain unpleasantness. The study suggests that levels of choline, an essential precursor of acetylcholine, are associated with anxiety and perceived pain. These levels may influence how Glx and GABA contribute to affective pain experiences by modulating the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. However, future research is needed to identify the mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the study indicates that sex is a significant factor in this relationship, with lower choline levels being associated with higher pain ratings in females but not in males. This highlights the significance of addressing sex as a biological factor in pain research to better understand the different responses to treatments and to facilitate the development more effective interventions in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of insulin sensitivity on food cue evoked functional brain connectivity in children.","authors":"Lorenzo Semeia, Ralf Veit, Sixiu Zhao, Shan Luo, Brendan Angelo, Andreas L Birkenfeld, Hubert Preissl, Anny H Xiang, Stephanie Kullmann, Kathleen A Page","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Insulin resistance during childhood is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and other health problems later in life. Studies in adults have shown that insulin resistance affects regional and network activity in the brain which are vital for behavior, including ingestion and metabolic control. To date, no study has investigated how brain connections during exposure to food cues are association with peripheral insulin sensitivity in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 53 children (36 girls) between the age of 7-11 years, who underwent an oral Glucose Tolerance Test (oGTT) to estimate peripheral insulin sensitivity (ISI). Brain responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after glucose ingestion. We compared food-cue task-based activity and functional connectivity (FC) between children with lower and higher ISI, adjusted for age and BMIz.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent of prandial state (i.e., glucose ingestion), children with lower ISI showed higher FC between the anterior insula and caudate and lower FC between the posterior insula and mid temporal cortex than children with higher ISI. Sex differences were found based on prandial state and peripheral insulin sensitivity in the insular FC. No differences were found on mean brain responses to food cues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In response to food cues, children with lower peripheral insulin sensitivity exhibited distinctive patterns of neural connectivity, notably in the insula's functional connections, when contrasted with their counterparts with higher peripheral insulin sensitivity. These differences might influence eating behavior and future risk of developing diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised identification of internal perceptual states influencing psychomotor performance","authors":"Ozan Vardal ,&nbsp;Theodoros Karapanagiotidis ,&nbsp;Tom Stafford ,&nbsp;Anders Drachen ,&nbsp;Alex Wade","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When humans perform repetitive tasks over long periods, their performance is not constant. People drift in and out of states that might be loosely categorised as engagement, disengagement or ’flow’ and these states will be reflected in aspects of their performance (for example, reaction time, accuracy, criteria shifts and potentially longer-term strategy). Until recently it has been challenging to relate these behavioural states to the underlying neural mechanisms that generate them. Here, we acquired magnetoencephalograpy recordings and contemporaneous, dense behavioural data from participants performing an engaging task (Tetris) that required rapid, strategic behavioural responses over the period of an entire game. We asked whether it was possible to infer the presence of distinct behavioural states from the behavioural data and, if so, whether these states would have distinct neural correlates. We used hidden Markov Modelling to segment the behavioural time series into states with unique behavioural signatures, finding that we could identify three distinct and robust behavioural states. We then computed occipital alpha power across each state. These within-participant differences in alpha power were statistically significant, suggesting that individuals shift between behaviourally and neurally distinct states during complex performance, and that visuo-spatial attention change across these states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}