NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Neurovascular coupling in simultaneous EEG-fNIRS studies: A scoping review of analytical frameworks and clinical applications.","authors":"Wsu Yu, Rajamanickam Yuvaraj, Stephane Perrey, Hasan Ayaz, Wei-Peng Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been used across cognitive and physiological states and in diverse clinical populations. However, the interpretation of cross-modal coupling remains difficult because findings from different analytical frameworks, populations, and experimental conditions have not been systematically mapped. This scoping review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and IEEE Xplore were searched through February 10, 2026, for studies that quantitatively related simultaneously recorded EEG and fNIRS signals. Two reviewers independently screened the records. Findings were synthesized narratively, and analytical pipelines were mapped across the signal domain, feature extraction, coupling metric, and temporal lag handling. Fifty-seven studies were included. Amplitude-based studies related event-related potentials and oscillatory EEG features to focal hemodynamic responses, with associations varying across electrophysiological features, cortical regions, and task conditions. Frequency- and scale-specific analyses identified band-dependent relationships, while coupling at ultra-slow scales showed sensitivity to vascular and systemic physiological influences. Studies that explicitly modeled timing identified several-second offsets in some paradigms, while directional estimates varied across tasks and recording states. Network analyses showed partial and context-dependent correspondence between EEG- and fNIRS-derived measures, while model-based approaches characterized multivariate and predictive cross-modal relationships. Across frameworks, observed coupling differed with recording state, frequency band, cortical region, and temporal lag handling rather than representing a single quantity. Clinical findings were heterogeneous, and most condition-specific patterns were supported by small and methodologically diverse evidence bases. These findings support framework-matched analysis and pipeline-explicit reporting when interpreting EEG-fNIRS coupling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing age-dependent diamagnetic and paramagnetic susceptibility properties in 5xFAD Alzheimer's mouse brain using high-resolution MRI.","authors":"Juan Liu, Season K Wyatt-Johnson, Jingjia Chen, Jie Chen, Zhuoheng Liu, Hongbo Wu, Li Feng, Randy R Brutkiewicz, Nian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. This study aimed to characterize magnetic susceptibility changes associated with beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques during AD progression using diamagnetic and paramagnetic susceptibility measurements in the 5xFAD mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ex vivo multi-echo gradient-echo imaging (MGRE) with a spatial resolution of 40 × 40 × 40 μm³ was performed in three age groups of 5xFAD mice (4, 12, and 18 months) using a 9.4T Bruker MRI scanner. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was reconstructed, and DECOMPOSE-QSM was applied to derive diamagnetic component susceptibility (DCS) and paramagnetic component susceptibility (PCS). Aβ plaques were automatically detected based on DCS and quantified to assess age-dependent plaque accumulation, changes in plaque burden, and associated susceptibility alterations. Cortical regions were further segmented into plaque-detected and plaque-undetected regions to assess regional susceptibility variations among the three age groups. In addition, Aβ/ferritin immunostaining was performed on the imaged murine brains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated progressive, spatially heterogeneous, age-dependent accumulation of amyloid plaques, as evidenced by significant increases in plaque burden. In plaque-detected and whole-region cortical areas, DCS consistently shifted toward more negative values (greater diamagnetic susceptibility) with disease progression, while PCS became more positive (greater paramagnetic susceptibility). The concurrent increase in plaque burden, together with progressively more negative DCS and more positive PCS within plaques, are consistent with increasing diamagnetic and paramagnetic tissue contributions associated with amyloid and iron-related pathology, respectively. Histological analysis showed colocalized Aβ aggregation and ferritin deposition within plaques, both of which increased with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The decomposed susceptibility components, DCS and PCS, provide complementary biophysical information beyond conventional QSM, enabling improved characterization of plaque-associated susceptibility changes during AD progression. High-resolution MRI facilitates the visualization and detection of individual plaques, allowing detailed analysis of their susceptibility properties. These findings highlight the importance of high-resolution MRI and the potential of diamagnetic and paramagnetic susceptibility measures as sensitive imaging biomarkers for monitoring neurodegenerative pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving detailed medial temporal lobe segmentation with upsampled isotropic training from implicit neural representation.","authors":"Yue Li, Pulkit Khandelwal, Rohit Jena, Long Xie, Michael Tran Duong, Amanda E Denning, Christopher A Brown, Laura E M Wisse, Sandhitsu R Das, David A Wolk, Paul A Yushkevich","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging biomarkers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important tools for diagnosing, tracking and treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tau pathology in AD is closely linked to neurodegeneration and generally follows a pattern of spread in the brain, with early stages involving subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Accurate segmentation of MTL subregions is needed to extract granular biomarkers of AD progression. MTL subregions are often imaged using T2-weighted (T2w) MRI scans that are highly anisotropic due to constraints of MRI physics and image acquisition, making it difficult to reliably model MTL subregions geometrically and extract morphological measures, such as thickness. In this study, we propose a segmentation framework for MTL subregions in isotropic space, in which an implicit neural representation is used to construct the isotropic training atlas from the anisotropic low-resolution T2w data, with T1w MRI as an auxiliary modality to support the INR and segmentation. In an independent test set, the morphological measures extracted using this isotropic model showed stronger effect sizes than those from models trained on anisotropic data in distinguishing participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively unimpaired individuals. In the test-retest analysis, the morphological measures extracted using the isotropic model showed greater stability than those from the anisotropic segmentation. This study demonstrates improved reliability of MRI-derived MTL subregion biomarkers without additional atlas annotation effort, which may more accurately quantify and track the relationship between AD pathology and brain atrophy for monitoring disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122294"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Stacked regressions and structured variance partitioning for interpretable brain maps” [Neuroimage 298 (2024): 120772]","authors":"Ruogu Lin,&nbsp;Thomas Naselaris,&nbsp;Kendrick Kay,&nbsp;Leila Wehbe","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Default mode network mechanisms of trait rumination in treatment-resistant depression and rTMS: evidence from source-localized EEG.","authors":"Stephanie A Chu, Thomas Earl Valles, Cole C Citrenbaum, Michael K Leuchter, Mohamad Shamas, Andrew F Leuchter, Juliana Corlier","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rumination is a transdiagnostic feature of multiple psychiatric disorders and is a critical risk factor for more severe episodes and poor treatment outcomes in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) ameliorates both depressive and ruminative symptoms in TRD. While prior literature has linked rumination to abnormal default mode network (DMN) connectivity, the electrophysiological correlates of rumination in the DMN are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) data were examined in a cohort of 66 TRD subjects who underwent 30 sessions of rTMS treatment for TRD administered to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We employed source-localization and calculated four metrics of functional connectivity (Amplitude Envelope Correlation [AEC], weighted Phase Lag Index [wPLI], magnitude-squared coherence, and Spectral Correlation Coefficient [SCC]) across five frequency bands within the DMN to identify the neural correlates of rumination in TRD. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the Network Based Statistic (NBS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline severity of rumination and depression were positively correlated, but AEC alpha band connectivity was positively associated only with baseline rumination severity and not depression. Rumination severity prior to treatment was not associated with any other connectivity metric. Severity of rumination and depression decreased following rTMS treatment, but alpha AEC connectivity did not charge after 30 sessions of rTMS treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher DMN connectivity, as measured by alpha-band AEC, is a stable trait-like neurophysiological marker of rumination that is not significantly affected by rTMS administered to left DLPFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of continuous-wave fNIRS with quantitative fMRI-derived indices of brain function in the visual cortex.","authors":"Giulia Rocco, Lucie Chalet, Elizabeth J Fear, Sara Pomante, Francesca Graziano, Davide Di Censo, Manuela Carriero, Édouard Delaire, Fabrizio Esposito, Mauro Gianni Perrucci, Cosimo Del Gratta, David Perpetuini, Richard G Wise, Antonio M Chiarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) both rely on the phenomenon of neurovascular coupling (NVC) to probe brain activity through their sensitivity to cerebral blood oxygenation. However, the relationship between fNIRS chromophores (oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin, HbO and HbR), and fMRI (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent and Arterial Spin Labeling, BOLD and ASL) measurements, and whether this relationship remains consistent across subjects and physiological conditions, has only been partially characterised. We acquired concurrent continuous-wave fNIRS and gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) BOLD-ASL fMRI in healthy adults (n = 10) during visual stimulation. By applying calibrated fMRI methodology, we examined the relationships between fNIRS-derived haemoglobin modulations and fMRI-derived modulations in macrovascular (GE-) and microvascular (SE-) BOLD signals, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxygen metabolism (CMRO₂). Group-level results showed strong temporal cross-modal agreement, with HbO and HbR tightly mirroring all fMRI signal time-courses (|r| > 0.8). A quantitative analysis of trial-by-trial modulations revealed distinct state-dependent behaviours: HbO maintained a stable relationship with the fMRI-derived metrics across conditions, whereas cross-modal relationships between HbR and fMRI-derived metrics substantially strengthened at higher flow-metabolism coupling (FMC), the ratio of CBF to CMRO₂ change, an index of the strength of NVC. Both HbO and HbR were more strongly associated with GE-BOLD than with SE-BOLD. These findings provide a rigorous physiological grounding for fNIRS signal interpretation, demonstrating its utility as a surrogate marker for specific haemodynamic and metabolic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Neuroanatomical predictors of frontal tDCS current distribution in cognitively healthy older adults\" [Neuroimage volume (2026) 122243].","authors":"Tyler A Busch, Skylar E Stolte, Yunfeng Dai, Andrew O'Shea, Kevin Iversen, Samantha Pedersen, Gavin Hart, Jason Chen, Pratyush Shukla, Alejandro Albizu, Ruogu Fang, Adam J Woods, Aprinda Indahlastari","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the between-group comparison problem: Detecting differences between correlation matrix populations due to single-variable perturbations for resting state fMRI.","authors":"Itamar Faran, Michael Peer, Shahar Arzy, Yuval Benjamini","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) has been known for decades as a promising method for evaluating cognitive and mental states, both in health and especially in disease, due to its ease of implementation as a short, standard MRI protocol. In clinical settings, a group of patients with a given disorder is typically compared to a group of healthy controls. This poses an inherent challenge of between-group comparison. We propose a new efficient model for characterizing changes to the temporal synchronization of brain activity measured using RS-fMRI between groups, summarized as individual correlation matrices. Our model posits that the between-group differences are the product of single-region effects describing the increase or decay of synchronization with the rest of the brain. This parsimonious model pools the correlation coefficients of each region with all others, and therefore can detect differences between groups even in small samples. Inference for this model accounts for the variability in individual correlation matrices, the within-group differences across individuals, and for the approximation error of the single-region model. This results in per-region estimates and confidence intervals for the parameters governing the difference between groups. In simulations, our model shows increased power to detect model-aligned alternatives compared with competing approaches. To demonstrate feasibility of the method in a clinical application, we use the model to analyze RS-fMRI correlation matrices in patients with transient global amnesia and healthy controls. Our model detects significant decreases in synchronization for the patient population in the amygdala after multiplicity correction as well as borderline decreases in memory-related brain regions that were not detected using mass-univariate tests without prior knowledge, suggesting its usefulness in the application of RS-fMRI in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Occurring Social Reward and Social Threat Elicits Conflict-Related Neural Activation.","authors":"Sophia Solan, Emma Truchan, David Rothlein, Audreyana Jagger-Rickels, Joseph DeGutis, Michael Esterman, Travis C Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial expressions often exhibit variations in social reward (happiness), social threat (anger), or social reward-threat conflict (co-occurring happiness and anger) and previous research demonstrates that core approach and avoidance motivation systems are highly sensitive to these variations. Moreover, social reward-threat conflict distinctly modulates approach and avoidance motivation compared to isolated variations in social reward or social threat, which plays a particularly pronounced role in social behavior. However, no neuroimaging research has elucidated the extent to which social reward-threat conflict may differentially modulate neural activation compared to isolated variations in social reward or social threat. To address this issue, 29 adults completed an fMRI study to directly compare neural activation patterns elicited by variations in social reward-threat conflict, social reward, or social threat. At the motivational level, social reward-threat conflict elicited opposing modulation of both approach and avoidance motivation. At the neural level, social reward-threat conflict also elicited conflict-related patterns of neural activation within regions commonly implicated in conflict monitoring including the pre-SMA, dACC, right anterior insula, and right vlPFC. Thus, co-occurring variations in social reward and social threat modulates neural regions involved in conflict processing, which may ultimately yield mechanistic insights into social behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"122227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of precise auditory sampling as a sign of value-driven visual attentional capture.","authors":"Rodrigo Caramés Harcevnicow, Thaiz Sánchez-Costa, Alejandra Carboni, Francisco Cervantes Constantino","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conditioning sensory signals endows persistent salience that influences attention, even after they no longer connect with rewards. As distractors shape multisensory target processing, conditioning phenomena remain poorly understood in relation to continuous sensory encoding. We investigate the effects of value-driven attentional capture by visual cues on the ability to reliably phase-lock cortical activity to temporal modulations of sound in audiovisual (AV) displays. Listening to periodically-modulated sound, observers discriminated between two visual object streams flickering at different rates, searching for an AV match. Also in view were peripheral color cues, used to evaluate how they modulate participant tracking fidelity as a result of color-reward associative training. Behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings (N=31) show that performance impoverished in presence of colors previously associated with reward, and so did tracking reliability measured by phase locking of AV responses. Decreased temporal precision predicted participants' reward-driven distraction, evidencing the attentional shift away from the multimodal target timing structure. Loss of consistency was furthermore present in auditory response estimates, suggesting value-driven attentional capture withdraws cortical tracking fidelity across the senses. The findings are consistent with inter-modal competition at times when incentive salience cues overtake top-down tracking of multisensory streams connected in time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}