NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Predicting imitative performance through cortico-cerebellar circuits: A multivariate and effective connectivity study","authors":"Antonino Errante ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ciullo ,&nbsp;Settimio Ziccarelli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Piras ,&nbsp;Cristina Russo ,&nbsp;Leonardo Fogassi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to accurately imitate actions requires the contribution of the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) and of prefrontal and cerebellar regions. The present study aimed at investigating whether functional interaction between cortical areas and the cerebellum during the observation of complex bimanual actions can predict individual ability to imitate the same actions. Nineteen healthy participants underwent an fMRI task in which they observed complex bimanual action sequences (paper folding) and subsequently imitated the same sequences. Control conditions included passive observation of bimanual actions, observation of reaching movements, observation of actions without intent to imitate, and observation of natural landscapes. Participants’ imitation performance was video-recorded and scored for accuracy. Univariate whole-brain regression, multivariate pattern recognition, and generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses were used to assess whether activation patterns during the observation phase could predict subsequent imitation performance. The results showed that: (i) observing actions during the imitation condition activated parietal, premotor, prefrontal cortex, and lateral cerebellum; (ii) activation levels in the left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and right lateral cerebellum (CB VI) predicted imitation accuracy; (iii) a bilateral distribution pattern involving aIPS, PMv, DLPFC, and CB VI better predicted imitation performance than a whole-brain approach; (iv) increased effective connectivity between the right CB VI, left aIPS, and left DLPFC during observation-to-imitate condition correlated with higher imitation accuracy. These findings underscore the role of the cerebellum within the MNS in simulating observed actions and enabling their accurate reproduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"fNIRS neurofeedback facilitates emotion regulation: Exploring individual differences over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","authors":"Yiwei Li ,&nbsp;Sijin Li ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Yuyao Tang ,&nbsp;Dandan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) plays a pivotal role in emotion regulation, yet the effectiveness of neurofeedback (NF) training targeting the VLPFC remains uncertain, suggesting significant individual differences in outcomes. In this study, we aimed to clarify these differences by enrolling 90 participants, randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a sham group (<em>n</em> = 48/42). Participants in the experimental group underwent VLPFC<img>NF training over eight sessions across two consecutive days, while those in the sham group received random signals from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). To investigate individual variability, participants in the experimental group were further categorized as high or low-efficacy groups based on their training efficiency, determined by the regression slope of VLPFC activity over the sessions. Our results revealed a significant reduction in negative emotions and increased VLPFC activity during emotion regulation in the high-efficacy group, compared to both the low-efficacy group and sham group. Importantly, the benefit in emotion regulation, as reflected by decreased negativity ratings, was predicted by NF training efficiency. Furthermore, the enhancement of VLPFC activity during emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between NF training efficiency and emotion regulation benefits. Participants with higher VLPFC<img>NF training efficiency exhibited greater engagement of the VLPFC during emotion regulation, leading to superior emotional outcomes. Additionally, VLPFC<img>NF training efficiency was linked to the habitual use of reappraisal strategies in daily life. This study provides novel causal evidence that VLPFC<img>NF training can effectively enhance emotion regulation, highlighting the importance of individual differences in training outcomes. Our findings suggest that NF training targeting the VLPFC offers a promising and personalized intervention strategy for improving emotion regulation, with potential applications for treating emotional disorders. This research underscores the potential of personalized NF approaches, offering new avenues for tailored therapeutic interventions in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odor-enhanced Visual Processing in PTSD","authors":"Aicko Y. Schumann ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Uhde ,&nbsp;David C. Houghton ,&nbsp;Qing X. Yang ,&nbsp;Bernadette M. Cortese","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant differences in the independent processing of trauma-related visual or olfactory cues have been demonstrated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, it remains unclear if PTSD-related differences exist in how the olfactory and visual systems interact to process potential threat. The present fMRI study assessed odor-enhanced visual processing (i.e. greater activation in visual areas to combined odor-picture cues compared to picture cues presented alone) in 46 combat veterans (19 with PTSD (CV+PTSD) and 27 healthy controls (HCV)). As expected, general odor-enhanced visual processing was demonstrated in the overall group, and CV+PTSD, compared to HCV, demonstrated significantly more threat odor-enhanced visual cortical activation to neutral images. Unexpectedly, however, CV+PTSD, compared to HCV, demonstrated significantly less threat odor-enhanced visual cortical activation to combat-related images. Functional connectivity findings mirrored those results and indicated a PTSD-related increase in olfactory-visual connectivity with neutral images and decrease with combat-related images. These findings suggest potential sensory processing dysregulation in PTSD that could be based in an olfactory-visual coupling impairment. Findings are also consistent with a PTSD-related focus on potential threat that may override the need to process additional sensory information important for the biological functions that promote survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 121072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DeepCERES: A deep learning method for cerebellar lobule segmentation using ultra-high resolution multimodal MRI","authors":"Sergio Morell-Ortega ,&nbsp;Marina Ruiz-Perez ,&nbsp;Marien Gadea ,&nbsp;Roberto Vivo-Hernando ,&nbsp;Gregorio Rubio ,&nbsp;Fernando Aparici ,&nbsp;Maria de la Iglesia-Vaya ,&nbsp;Gwenaelle Catheline ,&nbsp;Boris Mansencal ,&nbsp;Pierrick Coupé ,&nbsp;José V. Manjón","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel multimodal and high-resolution human brain cerebellum lobule segmentation method. Unlike current tools that operate at standard resolution (1 mm³) or using mono-modal data, the proposed method improves cerebellum lobule segmentation through the use of a multimodal and ultra-high resolution (0.125 mm³) training dataset. To develop the method, first, a database of semi-automatically labelled cerebellum lobules was created to train the proposed method with ultra-high resolution T1 and T2 MR images. Then, an ensemble of deep networks has been designed and developed, allowing the proposed method to excel in the complex cerebellum lobule segmentation task, improving precision while being memory efficient. Notably, our approach deviates from the traditional U-Net model by exploring alternative architectures. We have also integrated deep learning with classical machine learning methods incorporating a priori knowledge from multi-atlas segmentation which improved precision and robustness. Finally, a new online pipeline, named DeepCERES, has been developed to make available the proposed method to the scientific community requiring as input only a single T1 MR image at standard resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuroscientific basis of flow: Learning progress guides task engagement and cognitive control","authors":"Hairong Lu ,&nbsp;Dimitri Van der Linden ,&nbsp;Arnold B. Bakker","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People often strive for deep engagement in activities, a state typically associated with feelings of flow - full task absorption accompanied by a sense of control and enjoyment. The intrinsic factors driving such engagement and facilitating subjective feelings of flow remain unclear. Building on computational theories of intrinsic motivation, this study examines how learning progress predicts engagement and directs cognitive control. Results showed that task engagement, indicated by feelings of flow and low distractibility, is a function of learning progress. Electroencephalography data further revealed that learning progress is associated with enhanced proactive preparation (e.g., reduced pre-stimulus contingent negativity variance and parietal alpha desynchronization) and improved feedback processing (e.g., increased P3b amplitude and parietal alpha desynchronization). The impact of learning progress on cognitive control is observed at the task-block and goal-episode levels, but not at the trial level. This suggests that learning progress shapes cognitive control over extended periods as progress accumulates. These findings highlight the critical role of learning progress in sustaining engagement and cognitive control in goal-directed behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical representation of novel tool use: Understanding the neural basis of mechanical problem solving","authors":"Clara Seifert ,&nbsp;Thabea Kampe ,&nbsp;Cilia Jäger ,&nbsp;Jennifer Randerath ,&nbsp;Afra Wohlschläger ,&nbsp;Joachim Hermsdörfer","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Using tools effectively is a fundamental human ability. Besides the proper recall of semantic knowledge, the application of mechanical problem solving strategies allows one to execute tool-related tasks properly. Past fMRI studies have shown a mainly left-lateralized network, including ventral, ventro-dorsal, and dorso-dorsal streams while using familiar tools with access to semantic information. However, to what degree the network is recruited when applying mechanical problem solving strategies to handle novel tools remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An event-related fMRI study including 22 participants was conducted. During scanning, participants had to manipulate novel tools, the function of which they could infer by mechanical problem solving. Brain activity was measured during actual novel tool use and selection, both during the planning and execution phase.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Similar brain activation during tool use and tool selection could be observed, ranging from left-hemispheric inferior parietal to frontal regions in the ventro-dorsal stream with lack of ventral activation. Task-specific activations were more pronounced during the planning phases.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>During mechanical problem solving brain activation is more pronounced in the ventro-dorsal stream, where mechanical understanding and motor control need to be integrated. Similar networks recruited during tool selection compared to tool use trials reflect mental simulation strategies used to determine the appropriate tool-recipient fit. The ventral stream, linked to the recall of semantic knowledge, plays a subordinate role during this task and a stronger involvement of anterior regions reflect the relevance of the frontal lobe contributing to mechanical problem solving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial vibration stimulation at 40 Hz induced neural activity and promoted the coupling of global brain activity and cerebrospinal fluid flow","authors":"Linghan Kong ,&nbsp;Wei Jin ,&nbsp;Yue Jiang ,&nbsp;Fuhua Yan ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Eric C. Leuthardt ,&nbsp;Guang-Zhong Yang ,&nbsp;Yuan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroscience advances have highlighted the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation in influencing cognitive and emotional processes. Conventional stimulation methods such as electrical, magnetic, and ultrasound have been studied intensively, but little is known about the mechanical stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the effects of 40 Hz transcranial vibration stimulation (TVS) on human brain activity, specifically focusing on changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) as measures of spontaneous brain activity. Additionally, this study investigates alterations in the global blood-oxygen-level-dependent (gBOLD) signal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflow coupling, which serve as indicators of glymphatic system function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A custom-built head actuator was used to apply 40 Hz TVS to human brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed before and after 5 mins TVS to explore the changes in ALFF and fALFF and the coupling of global brain activity with cerebrospinal fluid flow (CSF), which is related to the glymphatic clearance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant increases were observed in both ALFF and fALFF metrics, indicating that 40 Hz TVS effectively enhanced spontaneous brain activity. Additionally, 40 Hz TVS promoted the synchronization of overall brain activity with CSF, suggesting an improvement in glymphatic clearance processes, an effect that 30 Hz or 50 Hz TVS did not replicate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Non-invasive brain stimulation using TVS provided important implications for modulating brain physiology and showed prospective therapeutic benefits for neurological diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Quality of kMI for Complex Motor Skills through Simulated Muscle Activation Color Visualization: Evidence from Time-Frequency and Functional Connectivity Analyses.","authors":"Ma Xiaogang, Shi Bing","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neural-muscular activation pathways of quasi-sensory, quasi-perceptual and low \"enslavement\" kinesthetic motor imagery contribute to the construction of internal cognitive representations of complex motor skills. Based on the perspective that the relative duration and force of muscle activation in the generalized motor program theory facilitate the long-term perceptual memory of motor skills learning, there exists a potential possibility of enhancing the quality of Kinesthetic motor imagery by providing muscle force information in the demonstration models of complex motor skills. Therefore, this study used motion simulation technology (AnyBody Modeling System) to create complex motor skill demonstration materials and compared the EEG rhythms and functional connectivity differences between the key interest brain regions during the kinesthetic motor imagery period with and without muscle force information visual cues. In addition, the results of the VMIQ-2 measurement of the vividness of motor imagery were also measured. The research findings indicated that, under the baseline condition where there was no difference in the kinesthetic motor imagery ability before the experiment, the vividness of kinesthetic motor imagery in the experimental group during the experiment was significantly higher than that in the control group. The ERSP results revealed that both groups exhibited the ERS phenomenon in the frontal, central, and temporal brain regions, and the ERD phenomenon in the parieto-occipital brain regions. However, the ERS value of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, while the ERD value was higher than that of the control group. The functional connectivity results indicated that the experimental group enhanced the connectivity of the occipital-right parietal (V1-R PPC) and right frontal-right parietal (R DLPFC-R PPC) brain regions. Conclusion: The muscle force information enhanced the vividness of kinesthetic motor imagery, which was associated with the weakened selective inhibition in the frontal-central-temporal brain regions and the enhanced activation in the occipital-parietal brain regions in the brain rhythm information, and it also strengthened the information circulation between the occipital-parietal and frontal-parietal brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":" ","pages":"121051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity-based compensation in the brains of non-demented older adults and the influence of lifestyle: A longitudinal 7-year study","authors":"Pascal Frédéric Deschwanden ,&nbsp;Isabel Hotz ,&nbsp;Susan Mérillat ,&nbsp;Lutz Jäncke","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The aging brain is characterized by structural decline and functional connectivity changes towards dedifferentiation, leading to cognitive decline. To some degree, the brain can compensate for structural deterioration. In this study, we aim to answer two questions: Where can we detect longitudinal functional connectivity-based compensation in the brains of cognitively healthy older adults? Can lifestyle predict the strength of this functional compensation?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using longitudinal data from 228 cognitively healthy older adults, we analyzed five measurement points over 7 years. Network-based statistics and latent growth modeling were employed to examine changes in structural and functional connectivity, as well as potential functional compensation for declines in processing speed and memory. Random forest and linear regression were used to predict the amplitude of compensation based on demographic, biological, and lifestyle factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both functional and structural connectivity showed increases and decreases over time, depending on the specific connection and measure. Increased functional connectivity of 27 connections was linked to smaller declines in cognition. Five of those connections showed simultaneous decreases in fractional anisotropy, indicating direct compensation. The degree of compensation depended on the type of compensation and the cognitive ability, with demographic, biological, and lifestyle factors explaining 3.4–8.9% of the variance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There are widespread changes in structural and functional connectivity in older adults. Despite the trend of dedifferentiation in functional connectivity, we detected both direct and indirect compensatory subnetworks that mitigated the decline in cognitive performance. The degree of compensation was influenced by demographic, biological, and lifestyle factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143326795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local structural–functional coupling with counterfactual explanations for epilepsy prediction","authors":"Jiashuang Huang ,&nbsp;Shaolong Wei ,&nbsp;Zhen Gao ,&nbsp;Shu Jiang ,&nbsp;Mingliang Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Sun ,&nbsp;Weiping Ding ,&nbsp;Daoqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural–functional brain connections coupling (SC–FC coupling) describes the relationship between white matter structural connections (SC) and the corresponding functional activation or functional connections (FC). It has been widely used to identify brain disorders. However, the existing research on SC–FC coupling focuses on global and regional scales, and few studies have investigated the impact of brain disorders on this relationship from the perspective of multi-brain region cooperation (i.e., local scale). Here, we propose the local SC–FC coupling pattern for brain disorders prediction. Compared with previous methods, the proposed patterns quantify the relationship between SC and FC in terms of subgraphs rather than whole connections or single brain regions. Specifically, we first construct structural and functional connections using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, subsequently organizing them into a multimodal brain network. Then, we extract subgraphs from these multimodal brain networks and select them based on their frequencies to generate local SC–FC coupling patterns. Finally, we employ these patterns to identify brain disorders while refining abnormal patterns to generate counterfactual explanations. Results on a real epilepsy dataset suggest that the proposed method not only outperforms existing methods in accuracy but also provides insights into the local SC–FC coupling pattern and their changes in brain disorders. Code available at <span><span>https://github.com/UAIBC-Brain/Local-SC-FC-coupling-pattern</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 120978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}