NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Diffusion tensor imaging after COVID-19 infection: A systematic review","authors":"Breanna K. Nelson ,&nbsp;Lea N. Farah ,&nbsp;Sidney A. Saint ,&nbsp;Catie Song ,&nbsp;Thalia S. Field ,&nbsp;Vesna Sossi ,&nbsp;A. Jon Stoessl ,&nbsp;Cheryl Wellington ,&nbsp;William G. Honer ,&nbsp;Donna Lang ,&nbsp;Noah D. Silverberg ,&nbsp;William J. Panenka","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most COVID-19 neuroimaging research focuses on clinically evident lesions occurring during the acute period after infection. Chronic effects on brain structure, especially at a microstructural level, are less well defined. Existing advanced neuroimaging studies report inconsistent differences in white matter integrity after COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to systematically evaluate the advanced neuroimaging literature with a specific focus on examining diffusion MRI (dMRI) abnormalities observable after the resolution of the acute phase of COVID-19 illness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus on May 27th, 2023, and an updated search was performed September 20th, 2024. Inclusion criteria were a quantitative comparison of dMRI metrics between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers with MRI acquired &gt;6 weeks after COVID-19. Studies that included only subgroups of COVID-19 patients with specific symptoms, case reports, and post-mortem studies were excluded. Forwards and backwards citation chasing were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial search identified 1709 unique records, and 11 met inclusion criteria. Most studies included hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with brain MRI acquired between 2 and 6 months after COVID-19 infection. The majority of studies reported lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity in the post-COVID-19 cohort, compared to non-COVID-19 controls. However, there were inconsistent findings, with one study reporting higher fractional anisotropy after COVID-19 infection. Cohorts with a more severe acute COVID-19 illness tended to have lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity than cohorts with a milder illness course. Compared to shorter follow-up periods, a longer time between COVID-19 and MRI was associated with fewer differences between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A review of the literature indicates that the heterogeneity of findings regarding dMRI metrics after the resolution of the acute phase of COVID-19 illness may be due in part to the severity of COVID-19 illness and the time between COVID-19 and MRI. Future studies should also consider how different SARS-CoV-2 variants differentially affect the structural brain differences after COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography does not improve EEG Alzheimer's disease assessment","authors":"Wolfgang Frühw ,&nbsp;Martin Mairhofer ,&nbsp;Andreas Hahn ,&nbsp;Heinrich Garn ,&nbsp;Markus Waser ,&nbsp;Reinhold Schmidt ,&nbsp;Thomas Benke ,&nbsp;Peter Dal-Bianco ,&nbsp;Gerhard Ransmayr ,&nbsp;Dieter Grossegger ,&nbsp;Stephen Roberts ,&nbsp;Georg Dorffner","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative EEG has been shown to reflect neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may provide non-invasive and widely available biomarkers to enhance the objectivization of disease assessment. To address EEG's major drawback – its low spatial resolution – many studies have employed 3D source localization. However, none have investigated whether this complex mapping into 3D space actually adds value over standard surface derivation. In fact, we found no prior study – in any disease – that quantitatively compared the results of a 3D source localization method with those achieved by surface derivation. We analyzed data from one of the largest prospective AD EEG studies ever conducted (four study centers, 188 patients, 100 female). Thousands of distinct quantitative EEG markers of slowing, complexity, and functional connectivity were computed and regressed against disease severity, with rigorous control for multiple testing. We found highly significant associations between quantitative EEG markers and disease severity. However, standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), a widely used 3D source localization method, did not improve results. Furthermore, a surface derivation marker (auto-mutual information of the left hemisphere during the eyes-closed condition) was the best performing marker across our entire sample. While our findings strongly support that quantitative EEG markers reflect neurodegenerative processes in AD, they do not demonstrate additional benefit from sLORETA. Importantly, our results are specific to AD and sLORETA. Therefore, they should not be generalized to other neurological or psychiatric disorders or to other 3D source localization methods without further validation. Finally, these findings do not diminish the value of 3D source localization for visual EEG inspection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative brain volume differences between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers: A systematic review","authors":"Breanna K. Nelson ,&nbsp;Lea N. Farah ,&nbsp;Sidney A. Saint ,&nbsp;Catie Song ,&nbsp;Thalia S. Field ,&nbsp;Vesna Sossi ,&nbsp;A. Jon Stoessl ,&nbsp;Cheryl Wellington ,&nbsp;William G. Honer ,&nbsp;Donna Lang ,&nbsp;Noah D. Silverberg ,&nbsp;William J. Panenka","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The majority of COVID-19 neuroimaging literature focuses on the acute period after infection and clinically evident lesions. The chronic effects of COVID-19 on brain structure are less well defined. There are inconsistencies in the existing structural neuroimaging studies regarding differences in brain volumes after COVID-19 infection. It was thus our aim to systematically evaluate the structural neuroimaging literature focusing on volumetric differences between patients with COVID-19, and volunteers without COVID-19, at greater than 6 weeks post-infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched in May 2023 with an updated search in September 2024, for studies with a quantitative comparison of brain volumes between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers with MRI acquired more than 6-weeks after COVID-19. Exclusion criteria included COVID-19 patients selected for the presence of specific symptoms, case reports and case studies, and post-mortem studies. Forwards and backwards citation chasing were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported smaller grey matter volumes amongst COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers. However, there were inconsistent findings, with 3 studies reporting larger grey matter volumes in the COVID-19 groups. Additionally, studies with COVID-19 cohorts with more severe presentations, characterized by admission to the hospital or the ICU, were more likely to report smaller grey matter volumes compared to healthy volunteers, than studies that were focused on patients who recovered at home.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A systematic review of the literature indicates that COVID-19 illness severity may explain some of the heterogeneity in brain volume differences between COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers. More longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to assess the longitudinal course of COVID-19′s effects on brain volumes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes of blood-brain barrier and transcytolemmal water exchange permeability in Alzheimer's disease mice: A non-contrast MRI study","authors":"Chuhan Xiong ,&nbsp;Ziyang Yu ,&nbsp;Yu Yin ,&nbsp;Qinfeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruicheng Ba ,&nbsp;Yao Shen ,&nbsp;Haotian Li ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Wei ,&nbsp;Zixuan Lin ,&nbsp;Dan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked with the dysfunction of glymphatic system. Previous studies were primarily cross-sectional and focused on only one specific component, hindering the understanding of overall glymphatic function in AD. We evaluated the longitudinal changes in multiple components of glymphatic system (blood-brain barrier (BBB) and transcytolemmal water exchange (TWE) permeability) in AD mice. Five female wild-type and four 3 × Tg-AD mice from 5 to 13 months of age were scanned monthly using two non-contrast MRI techniques, water-extraction-with-phase-contrast-arterial-spin-tagging (WEPCAST) and diffusion-time-dependent kurtosis imaging (<em>t</em>DKI), yielding BBB and TWE permeability. Immunostaining was used to evaluate tight junction proteins associated with BBB structural integrity, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) related to TWE, and AQP4 perivascular space (PVS) polarization that might represent PVS-parenchyma water exchange. The relationship between glymphatic function and AD pathology, as measured by amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, was also explored. Our results revealed significantly increased BBB and hippocampal TWE permeability in AD mouse brains, consistent with the histological findings of reduced tight junction proteins and upregulated AQP4, which were correlated with each other and can be predictive of Aβ and tau deposition. Impaired AQP4 PVS polarization was also found in AD mice. In conclusion, water exchange in multiple components of glymphatic system altered in AD mice, and these <em>in vivo</em> MRI findings were validated pathologically, which might affect the waste clearance in the glymphatic neurofluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting forward connectivity between primary visual and body selective cortex reduces interference between sex and emotion judgements of bodies","authors":"Marco Gandolfo ,&nbsp;Giulia D'Argenio ,&nbsp;Paul E. Downing ,&nbsp;Cosimo Urgesi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We effortlessly categorise other people along socially relevant categories such as sex, age, and emotion. A core question in social vision relates to whether we perceive these categories independently or in relation to each other. Here, we investigated categorisation of sex and emotion from the body, finding that participants generally fail to fully ignore task-irrelevant variations of sex while judging body emotional expressions. In contrast, sex categorisation was unaffected by variations in emotional expression. This asymmetric interaction between sex and emotion may arise because of bottom-up visual processing, due to partially shared visual features used for both judgments, or because of top-down, categorical associations between sex and emotion categories. To disentangle these possibilities, we used cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) to modulate the connectivity between primary visual cortex and the extrastriate body area. We posited that boosting forward connectivity between these regions would increase efficiency of feature-based processing, while boosting feedback connectivity would enhance the separability of semantic categories related to sex and emotion. We found that boosting forward connectivity eliminated the interference of sex on emotion judgments, while that interference remained unaffected with modulation of feedback connectivity. These findings suggest that interactions between sex and emotion in body perception emerge during the perceptual analysis of the stimuli, and add to our understanding of person perception and social categorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glymphatic dysfunction in moyamoya disease: The influence of arterial stenosis and ventricular enlargement","authors":"Duo Xu ,&nbsp;Linglin Yang ,&nbsp;Biao Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The glymphatic system is a vascular-dependent network, involving cerebrospinal fluid circulation, that facilitates waste clearance from the brain. Although glymphatic dysfunction has been implicated in various neurologic diseases, its influencing factors are still not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate glymphatic clearance in moyamoya disease (MMD) and explore its associations with arterial stenosis and ventricular size. Patients with MMD and healthy controls were prospectively recruited to undergo multi-modal MRI scans. Patients were divided into three subgroups based on initial symptoms: hemorrhagic, ischemic, and other. We used diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, magnetic resonance angiography, 3D T1-weighted images to evaluate glymphatic clearance, arterial stenosis and ventricular size. The relationships between arterial stenosis, ventricular size, and ALPS index were analyzed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Compared to controls (<em>n</em> = 39), patients (<em>n</em> = 55) exhibited reduced ALPS index (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and increased volumes of the lateral ventricles (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), third ventricle (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and fourth ventricle (<em>p</em> = 0.013). In MMD, arterial stenosis (standardized β=-0.283, <em>p</em> = 0.013), lateral ventricular volume (standardized β=-0.504, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and their interaction (standardized β=-0.606, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) were all significantly associated with the ALPS index in multivariable analysis. Among the three subgroups, hemorrhagic subgroup had the lowest ALPS index (<em>p</em> = 0.085) and the largest lateral ventricular volume (<em>p</em> = 0.013). Our findings demonstrated that enlarged lateral ventricles were associated with decreased ALPS index, both alone and synergistically with arterial stenosis, and the reduced ALPS index and ventricular enlargement would be exacerbated in hemorrhagic MMD. This evidence provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying glymphatic impairment in MMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context influence on speech perception: evidence for acoustic-level mechanism across the voice onset time continuum","authors":"Shun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contextual information plays a significant role in shaping our perception of speech, yet it remains uncertain at which level of processing such information integrates with acoustic cues. A key area of debate is whether top-down information influences acoustic encoding within the lower levels of the speech-processing hierarchy. This study employed a machine learning algorithm to decode the voice onset time (VOT) of speech and investigated how the gender of the speaker of a precursor sentence impacted subsequent speech perception. Using EEG recordings, we examined neural responses to a VOT continuum following male and female voices. Our results reveal that a linear representation of the VOT continuum emerged at an early EEG time window and that gender-based contextual cues modulated speech perception at this stage. Notably, since context information was not involved in the decoding procedure itself, we conclude that this modulation reflected the true effects of context on the perception of VOT. Moreover, the contextual influence extended across the entire VOT continuum, not just at specific sounds, suggesting a broad and consistent modulation of speech perception by gender-based context. These findings support the idea of a general acoustic-level mechanism through which contextual information influences the early stage of speech processing, contributing to ongoing debates about the interaction between top-down and bottom-up processes in speech perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the causal involvement of the rIPL and white matter interindividual variability in spatial orienting and consciousness","authors":"Joaquín J. Ramírez-Guerrero,&nbsp;Cristina Narganes-Pineda,&nbsp;Mar Martín-Signes ,&nbsp;Ana B. Chica","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Spatial attention enables the selection of relevant over irrelevant stimuli through dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal networks. These networks are connected through long white matter tracts, such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus (IFOF).</div></div><div><h3>Objective/hypothesis</h3><div>The main purpose of this study was to explore, in healthy participants, the causal role of the right Inferior Parietal Lobe (rIPL) in spatial orienting and conscious perception. We also explored how interindividual differences in the microstructural properties of white matter were related to the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and, secondarily, to attentional orienting effects in the control stimulation condition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (n=51) performed a behavioural task involving the detection of a visual stimulus at the threshold of consciousness, preceded by either central (endogenous) or peripheral (exogenous) cues. After cue onset, a burst of TMS pulses was applied over the rIPL or a control active region (vertex). White matter properties were explored through diffusion-weighted imaging tractography and whole-brain NODDI analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TMS over the rIPL (compared to the control condition) did not modulate spatial attention nor conscious perception, but it decreased accuracy when attention was endogenously oriented (compared to the exogenous condition) and speeded up reaction times when targets were presented in the attended right hemifield (compared to the left hemifield). Part of the variability in the TMS and attentional orienting effects were explained by the integrity of the SLF and the IFOF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individual variability in attentional orienting effects was associated with the anatomical links between attentional networks. Negative correlations between TMS effects and relevant white matter tracts were interpreted as compensatory mechanisms, while positive correlations with tracts innervating the stimulated area could reflect a TMS signal propagation effect. These results will contribute to the understanding of the role of white matter variability in the susceptibility to neuromodulation, with potential implications for research and clinical treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive MRI measurements of age-dependent in vivo human glymphatic exchange using magnetization transfer spin labeling","authors":"Dahan Kim ,&nbsp;Yujia Huang ,&nbsp;Jiaen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The water exchange between brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered to be responsible for glymphatic clearance of solutes and metabolic wastes from the brain, including amyloid-<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>, a biomarker in neurodegeneration. Despite the potential significance, no noninvasive technique for in vivo measurement of parenchyma-CSF water exchange has been demonstrated in humans, capable of investigating age-related changes in glymphatic clearance.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To demonstrate a noninvasive, translatable MRI technique capable of measuring glymphatic water exchange in humans and to apply this technique to examine age-related changes in the glymphatic exchange measures in healthy subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Repeating on-resonance magnetization transfer (MT) RF pulses were applied to saturate macromolecules within the brain parenchyma and label its interstitial water, followed by measuring partial CSF saturation resulting from the parenchyma-CSF water exchange. Bloch simulations and phantom experiments determined the extent of direct CSF saturation by the MT pulses. An additional labeling nulling experiment was performed by preemptively saturating parenchyma spins to disable the following MT-based spin labeling, to examine non-exchange contributions to the observed CSF saturation. These techniques were applied to young (<em>n</em> = 6; ages 25–41) and elder (<em>n</em> = 6; ages 53–66) healthy participants to examine age-related changes in their saturation-based exchange measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both Bloch simulations and phantom experiments indicated small (0.4-0.7 %) direct CSF saturation when B₀ inhomogeneities and CSF T2 variations were considered. A statistically significant (<em>P</em> = 0.037) difference was observed in the average CSF saturation ratio within the subarachnoid space (SAS) between the young (4.7 %±0.5 %) and the elder (3.5 %±1.2 %) subjects, with their ages negatively correlating with this exchange metric (<em>R</em>²=0.34, <em>P</em> = 0.046). The substantial saturation reductions in the labeling nulling experiment (40–50 % in young; 10–30 % in elder) suggested parenchyma-CSF exchange as a substantial source of the observed saturation signal. These findings survived when the exchange metrics were compensated for potential atrophy-related dilution effect caused by variations in intra-voxel CSF volume.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Optimized MT-based parenchyma spin labeling followed by CSF partial saturation measurement demonstrated feasibility of a noninvasive MRI approach to detect glymphatic water exchange between human brain parenchyma and CSF in vivo, with statistically significant findings of age-related differences in the exchange measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural representation of allegedly sex-specific human body odor compounds","authors":"Camille Ferdenzi ,&nbsp;Arnaud Fournel ,&nbsp;Luca Fantin ,&nbsp;Stéphane Richard Ortegón ,&nbsp;Cédric Manesse ,&nbsp;Nicolas Baldovini ,&nbsp;Marc Thévenet ,&nbsp;Franck Lamberton ,&nbsp;Danielle Ibarrola ,&nbsp;Frédéric Faure ,&nbsp;Moustafa Bensafi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body odors play an important role in nonverbal communication, and particularly in one's attractiveness. However, their central processing remains underexplored, especially as a function of gender. This study aims at identifying the neural networks involved in the processing of two allegedly sex-specific human body odor compounds (3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid, HMHA, and 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, MSH). We hypothesized that i) these body odors would be processed by different brain regions than non-body odors, and that ii) their role in attractiveness, if any, would be indicated by the activation of specific regions and by differential verbal and neurophysiological responses in men and women. Thirty participants (15 men, 15 women) performed a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) session during which they rated the attractiveness of HMHA, MSH, and 5 non-body odorants. At the end of the session, participants rated all odors on multiple perceptual scales. HMHA activated visual (striate area and occipital gyrus) rather than olfactory brain regions. Men rated HMHA as more masculine than women did, and presented greater neural activity in the superior and medial frontal gyri while women activated the inferior frontal gyrus significantly more than men in response to this odor. MSH was processed as the other non-body odors, and not subject to gender differences. The results suggest that HMHA (not MSH) bears specific social information, resulting in a neural processing outside the main olfactory network. It is also processed differently in men and women, although our findings do not provide clear evidence in favor of relevance for one's attractiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 121114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}