NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Neural representations of emotional response inhibition reveal trait and state biomarkers in pediatric bipolar disorder","authors":"Jia Li ,&nbsp;Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Jianze Wu ,&nbsp;Qian Xiao ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is characterized by disrupted cognitive control, particularly in response inhibition under emotional interference. However, the neural underpinnings of these deficits, particularly how these impairments vary across emotional valence and whether they reflect trait markers or state alterations, remain unclear. While traditional univariate fMRI analyses reveal broad activation differences, they lack sensitivity to fine-grained neural patterns. This study aims to examine the neural representations of emotional response inhibition in PBD under valence-dependent interference using representational similarity analysis(RSA). We included manic (<em>n</em> = 15) and euthymic (<em>n</em> = 18) PBD patients, along with matched healthy controls (<em>n</em> = 17). Participants completed an emotional Go/NoGo task with happy, sad, and neutral faces during fMRI. Six contrast conditions were modeled to assess trait- and state-related effects. Whole-brain searchlight RSA (8 mm radius) was used to identify regions showing group differences in neural representational patterns. Results showed that emotional response inhibition engaged distributed neural systems, with distinct patterns across valence conditions. Compared to controls, PBD patients exhibited trait-related representational differences during happy inhibition, sad inhibition, and sad-specific inhibition, involving regions such as the precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. Manic patients showed state-related reductions in neural representations during sad-specific inhibition within frontal areas compared to euthymic patients. These findings indicate that emotional response inhibition deficits in PBD arise from both trait- and state-dependent abnormalities in neural representations. The study highlights the value of multivariate fMRI in uncovering clinically relevant biomarkers and provides a novel framework for developing phase-specific interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural correlates of pedagogy: An fNIRS hyperscanning study of constructivist and instructivist approaches in teacher-child dyads","authors":"Hui Li ,&nbsp;John Chi-Kin Lee ,&nbsp;Dandan Wu ,&nbsp;Keya Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A foundational debate in education contrasts constructivist and instructivist pedagogies, yet their neurocognitive underpinnings remain largely unknown. This study provides a pioneering direct neural comparison of these pedagogical paradigms. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, we simultaneously recorded prefrontal cortex activity from 54 teacher-child dyads (children aged 4–7 years) during a collaborative LEGO-building task in a Chinese context. Dyads were randomly assigned to either a constructivist (facilitator-led) or an instructivist (expert-led) approach. We analyzed intra-brain (within-person) and inter-brain (between-person) synchrony using wavelet transform coherence.</div><div>Results revealed distinct neural signatures for each approach. Both teachers and children exhibited unique patterns of intra-brain connectivity reflecting the different cognitive demands of each role. Critically, dyads in the constructivist approach displayed significantly higher inter-brain synchrony in right prefrontal regions (implicated in social cognition and mentalizing) compared to dyads in the instructivist condition. These findings suggest that constructivism fosters a neurally coupled, collaborative state between teacher and child, potentially reflecting a shared cognitive space. In contrast, instructivist teaching appears to impose a higher, more independent cognitive load on the teacher with less dyadic neural alignment. This work provides the first neurobiological evidence differentiating these cornerstone teaching frameworks and offers a new avenue for a neurally-informed science of learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-dimensional neural space for moral inference","authors":"Jinglu Chen ,&nbsp;Severi Santavirta ,&nbsp;Vesa Putkinen ,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio Boggio ,&nbsp;Lauri Nummenmaa","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intuitive moral inference enables us to evaluate moral situations and judge their rightness or wrongness. Although Moral Foundations Theory provides a framework for understanding moral inference, its underlying neural basis remains unclear. To capture spontaneous neural activity during moral inference, participants were instructed to watch a film rich in moral content without making explicit judgments while undergoing fMRI scanning. Independent participants evaluated the moment-to-moment presence of twenty moral dimensions in the film. Correlation and consensus cluster analyses revealed four independent main moral dimensions: virtue, vice, hierarchy, and rebellion. While each dimension exhibited unique neural activation patterns, the temporoparietal junction and inferior parietal lobe were activated across all types of moral inference. These findings establish the low-dimensional nature for the neural basis of intuitive moral inference in everyday settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess iron in deep gray matter is associated with cognitive and functional decline: The mediating role of white matter myelin","authors":"Jonghyun Bae ,&nbsp;Angelique De Rouen ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Gong ,&nbsp;Nathan Zhang ,&nbsp;Noam Y. Fox ,&nbsp;Murat Bilgel ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Bergeron ,&nbsp;Luigi Ferrucci ,&nbsp;Mustapha Bouhrara","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Cerebral iron accumulation is a hallmark of aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions. This study explored whether higher iron levels in deep gray matter (DGM) structures contribute to motor and cognitive decline and whether this association is mediated by demyelination in white matter (WM) tracts connecting the DGM to the cortex.</div></div><div><h3>METHOD</h3><div>We used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to quantify brain iron and multi-component relaxometry to estimate myelin content in 86 cognitively unimpaired adults (ages 22–94) who underwent longitudinal assessments of cognitive and motor function. We analyzed age-related differences in DGM iron levels, examined their association with cognitive and functional decline, and conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the role of WM myelination.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Higher iron levels in the putamen and caudate nucleus were significantly correlated with older age. Higher putamen iron level was negatively associated with usual and rapid gait speed. In longitudinal analyses, higher iron levels in DGM were associated with a steeper decline in verbal fluency, processing speed, and motor function. Myelin content revealed a significant indirect mediated effect on the relationship between high iron content and motor function in the superior corona radiata, a WM tract connecting the putamen to the cortex.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>These findings suggest that excessive iron is linked to cognitive and functional decline in aging, with motor deterioration specifically mediated by demyelination of white matter pathways connecting the deep gray matter to the cortex. Together, iron and myelin metrics may serve as early biomarkers of age-related clinical decline and represent promising therapeutic targets for preserving motor function in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for enhanced backward connectivity in the third visual pathway following cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation","authors":"Gabriele Pirazzini ,&nbsp;Antonio Cataneo ,&nbsp;Silvana Pelle ,&nbsp;Alice Marra ,&nbsp;Giorgio Arcara ,&nbsp;Simone Battaglia ,&nbsp;Mauro Ursino ,&nbsp;Alessio Avenanti","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and early visual cortex (V1/V2) form part of a lateral occipito-temporal network - proposed as a “third” visual pathway - supporting the processing of socially and emotionally relevant information. Prior studies using cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) applied from pSTS to V1/V2 have shown enhanced recognition of facial emotional expressions, interpreted as reflecting strengthened temporo-occipital backward connectivity. However, direct evidence that ccPAS can modulate pSTS-to-V1/V2 connectivity has been lacking. Here, we applied ccPAS consisting of repeated paired TMS pulses, with the first pulse delivered over pSTS and the second pulse over V1/V2 (ccPAS<em>_STS-V1</em>). A reverse-order protocol (ccPAS<em>_V1-STS</em>) served as a control. Resting-state EEG was recorded before, immediately after, and 30 min post-stimulation to assess functional connectivity. Multivariate spectral Granger Causality analysis characterized the directionality and frequency-dependent dynamics of connectivity. Outdegree metrics revealed that ccPAS<em>_STS-V1</em> enhanced backward functional connectivity immediately after stimulation, with effects persisting after 30 min, possibly consistent with Hebbian-like associative plasticity in top-down pathways. In addition, an increase in forward connectivity was observed 30 min after ccPAS<em>_V1-STS</em>, and more weakly after ccPAS<em>_STS-V1</em>, possibly reflecting broader compensatory mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that ccPAS can transiently and selectively modulate directional connectivity within the “third” visual pathway, providing insights into the physiological basis of ccPAS and suggesting that previously observed improvements in emotion recognition following ccPAS<em>_STS-V1</em> may arise from plastic changes in backward pSTS-to-V1/V2 connectivity. More broadly, they underscore the potential of ccPAS to probe and modulate the dynamics of higher-order visual circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal MRI data fusion reveals distinct structural, functional and neurochemical correlates of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Xiaorong Hou ,&nbsp;Jiajian Zhang ,&nbsp;Junhong Duan ,&nbsp;Yafei Song ,&nbsp;Xuxiong Tang ,&nbsp;Ziwei Gong ,&nbsp;Ziwen Li ,&nbsp;Zhineng Kang ,&nbsp;Yunchen Huang ,&nbsp;Jingqi He ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zhou ,&nbsp;Beisha Tang ,&nbsp;Yin Liu ,&nbsp;Lifang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) involves complex structural, functional and multiple neurotransmitter systems alterations. So far, the precise interplay between structural and functional brain alterations and their underlying neurotransmitter processes remains largely unexplored. The advent of parallel independent component analysis (pICA) and the JuSpace toolbox provide a possible clue to elucidate their interrelationships and underlying mechanisms. In this study, we employed pICA to examine co-varying components interaction between gray matter volume (GMV) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in a cohort of 142 PD patients, comprising 53 PD patients with depression (PDD) and 89 PD patients without depression (PDND). Furthermore, we examined the spatial correlations between the GMV/fALFF components identified by pICA and neurotransmitter system maps using the JuSpace toolbox. Our analysis revealed significant negative correlations between one fMRI component (fALFF_IC6, frontoparietal, temporal and cerebellar regions) and two sMRI components (GMV_IC1 and GMV_IC4, basal ganglia, thalamocortical circuits, cerebellum and sensorimotor networks), which was significantly different between PDD and PDND group. Meanwhile, we found that alterations in both fALFF and GMV were widely associated with multiple neurotransmitter systems, primarily the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. Notably, the severity of depression in PD was significantly correlated with these two distinct structural networks, independent of disease duration, motor symptoms and cognitive performance. These findings suggest the PD related depression-specific interrelationships between intrinsic network activity and GMV, potentially elucidating the multimodal neural circuitry and potential neurotransmitter patterns underlying depression in PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145945269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent neural mechanisms of reward processing and cognitive control in non-substance and substance addiction: A meta-analytic perspective","authors":"Qi Li ,&nbsp;Mei Du ,&nbsp;Jing Xiao ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Kesong Hu ,&nbsp;Song Tu ,&nbsp;Xun Liu ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Weine Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addiction disorders, encompassing non-substance and substance addiction, are a prevalent and devastating class of mental illnesses. The dual-system theory of addiction posits that abnormal processing in the brain's reward and control systems underlies addictive behaviors. However, challenges in previous neuroimaging studies on addiction, including small sample sizes, subjective narrative reviews, and inconsistent findings, have limited the comprehensive clarification of the neural mechanisms underlying addiction. This meta-analysis addresses these limitations by integrating neuroimaging data from multiple studies. Here, the random-effects activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method was applied to systematically synthesize data to elucidate the neural mechanisms of reward processing and cognitive control in non-substance and substance addiction. The study revealed that individuals with non-substance addiction presented increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and caudate activation during cue reactivity, enhanced putamen and globus pallidus responses to non-specific rewards, and no significant group differences in cognitive control tasks. In contrast, substance addiction was found to be characterized by heightened activation in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and putamen during cue reactivity, accompanied by reduced responses of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to non-specific rewards and reduced activation in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) during cognitive-control tasks. These findings not only reveal a potential \"motivation-control equilibrium\" mechanism in non-substance addiction but also support the dual-system framework for substance addiction, providing neurobiological targets for precision interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards contrast- and pathology-agnostic clinical fetal brain MRI segmentation using SynthSeg","authors":"Ziyao Shang ,&nbsp;Misha Kaandorp ,&nbsp;Kelly Payette ,&nbsp;Marina Fernandez Garcia ,&nbsp;Roxane Licandro ,&nbsp;Georg Langs ,&nbsp;Jordina Aviles Verdera ,&nbsp;Jana Hutter ,&nbsp;Bjoern Menze ,&nbsp;Gregor Kasprian ,&nbsp;Meritxell Bach Cuadra ,&nbsp;Andras Jakab","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a crucial role in fetal neurodevelopmental research. Structural annotations of MR images are an important step for quantitative analysis of the developing human brain, with Deep Learning providing an automated alternative for this otherwise tedious manual process. However, segmentation performances of Convolutional Neural Networks often suffer from domain shift, where the network fails when applied to subjects that deviate from the distribution with which it is trained on. In this work, we aim to train networks capable of automatically segmenting fetal brain MRIs with a wide range of domain shifts pertaining to differences in subject physiology and acquisition environments, in particular shape-based differences commonly observed in pathological cases. We introduce a novel data-driven train-time sampling strategy that seeks to fully exploit the diversity of a given training dataset to enhance the domain generalizability of the trained networks. We adapted our sampler, together with other existing data augmentation techniques, to the SynthSeg framework, a generator that utilizes domain randomization to generate diverse training data. We ran thorough experimentations and ablation studies on a wide range of training/testing data to test the validity of the approaches. Our networks achieved notable improvements in the segmentation quality on testing subjects with intense anatomical abnormalities (<em>p</em> &lt; 1e-4), though at the cost of a slighter decrease in performance in cases with fewer abnormalities. Our work also lays the foundation for future works on creating and adapting data-driven sampling strategies for other training pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Added value of quantitative [18F]FDG-PET analysis in MRI-negative epilepsy: A simulation-based study using realistic ground-truths","authors":"Andrés Perissinotti ,&nbsp;Arnau Farré-Melero ,&nbsp;Francisco J. López-González ,&nbsp;María del Carmen Mallón-Araujo ,&nbsp;Julia Cortés ,&nbsp;Xavier Setoain ,&nbsp;Andrea Fritsch ,&nbsp;Katherine Quintero ,&nbsp;Angela Esteban ,&nbsp;Silvia Morbelli ,&nbsp;Matteo Bauckneht ,&nbsp;Alberto Miceli ,&nbsp;Aida Niñerola-Baizán ,&nbsp;Pablo Aguiar ,&nbsp;Jesús Silva-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Quantitative analysis of [¹⁸F]FDG-PET images is expected to improve the localization of foci in non-lesional epilepsy. However, the lack of reliable gold standards has prevented a comprehensive evaluation of the potential improvements derived from this approach. Here, we aimed at evaluating these improvements using a novel dataset of realistic simulated studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>125 realistic simulated [¹⁸F]FDG-PET studies were generated (100 with synthetic hypometabolic foci (HF) with different levels of identification complexity and 25 controls). Eight nuclear physicians performed visual rating (VR) and were given the chance to modify their assessment after reviewing quantitative results (QR). Physicians reported the presence/absence of HF, HF location, and diagnostic confidence (DC) before/after QR. Success Rate (SR) of physician’s assessments was analyzed, as well as inter-rater agreement and changes in DC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 31.3% of the assessments, physicians changed their interpretation after QR, with SR increasing from 16.3% to 61.0% in these cases. Overall SR improved from 49.5% in VR to 63.5% in QR, mostly on pathologic cases (relative improvement: +34.0%). Improvement was found at each level of HF identification complexity and was higher for challenging cases (relative improvement: +71.8%). Inter-rater agreement also improved significantly (0.273 vs. 0.475, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). QR also significantly increased DC (\"High\" confidence of 8.1% on VR vs. 38.5% on QR, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Quantitative analysis significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, confidence and inter-rater agreement, especially in challenging cases. Furthermore, this work introduces a novel methodological approach using simulated MRI-negative epilepsy [¹⁸F]FDG-PET images for realistic quantification research studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontotemporal bursting supports human working memory","authors":"Vladimir Omelyusik ,&nbsp;Tyler S. Davis ,&nbsp;Satish S. Nair ,&nbsp;Behrad Noudoost ,&nbsp;Patrick D. Hackett ,&nbsp;Elliot H. Smith ,&nbsp;Shervin Rahimpour ,&nbsp;John D. Rolston ,&nbsp;Bornali Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cortical neural activity varies dynamically during memory periods, when relevant information is not present in the environment. But how those dynamics are related to a code defining working memory (WM) performance is not known. Recent data shows brief bursts of activity in the high gamma (70-140 Hz) and beta (12-30 Hz) band within non-human primate lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with WM processing. However, WM may be related to activity within a network of frontal executive and posterior sensory areas involved in stimulus perception. Here we tested whether gamma and beta bursting exist in lateral PFC and multisensory lateral temporal areas in humans during visual WM, and whether these areas are coupled via a phase-burst code. We used intracranial macroelectrode recordings from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), which includes dorsolateral PFC, and from the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), an area important for visual processing. High gamma bursting increased in human left PFC during encoding and delay periods while beta bursting decreased. Interestingly, beta bursting increased in multisensory areas during encoding and remained high during the delay period, more so on the right. These effects varied with WM performance. Finally, we quantify the degree to which delay-period gamma bursting is locked to beta phase within and between regions of this network using a proposed metric termed ‘phase-burst coupling’ (PBC). We find evidence that delay-period gamma bursting in temporal areas is locked to beta phase in PFC. Our findings suggest that WM may use bursting to support memory maintenance until readout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 121718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}