NeuroImage最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying task-locked information transmission between cortical areas with TMS-EEG","authors":"Zhaohuan Ding ,&nbsp;Wenbo Ma ,&nbsp;Leixiao Feng ,&nbsp;Mingsha Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to develop TMS-EEG (Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with EEG) technology to detect task-locked neural network activation and dynamically quantify information transmission.</div></div><div><h3>Approach</h3><div>30 participants performed visually guided gap saccade tasks while TMS-EEG data were recorded, with the TMS pulses delivered to prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) at different task stages. The directed transfer function (DTF) method was applied to TMS-EEG data to indicate the information flow. By analyzing the channel combinations associated with the PFC and PPC, we calculated differences in information flow within the alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands to determine whether TMS-EEG could quantitatively characterize the direction of information flow between cortical areas.</div></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><div>Analysis of eye tracker data revealed that all participants successfully performed the saccade task, with a correct rate exceeding 90 %. The mean saccade latency was 132.25 ± 22.59 ms after target appearance. Stimulation of the PFC and PPC revealed significant differences in information flow in the gamma bands at different time points. Specifically, during the preparatory period, the C3 electrode acts as a hub for incoming information from O1, later transitioning to send information towards F4 and O1 post-target. Then, P3 emerges as a hub, sending data towards P4, with connectivity between them intensifying post 100 ms from the target's appearance.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study utilized DTF values derived from TMS-EEG to characterize information flow between cortical areas during the gap saccade task. This approach provides a novel method for quantifying dynamic changes in connectivity and causality between cortical areas during task processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 121323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring multidimensional brain mechanisms in robot-assisted surgical simulation","authors":"Haoxin Cui ,&nbsp;Yujing Liang ,&nbsp;Fankai Sun ,&nbsp;Desheng Li ,&nbsp;Xiangqing Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of robotic-assisted surgical systems has revolutionized surgical procedures; however, current training programs often overlook the role of brain activity during surgery, making it challenging to detect cognitive differences between surgeons. To address this gap, this paper designed an experimental task closely resembling real surgical scenarios using a robotic surgical simulation system. The study introduced Principal Component Analysis (PCA) weights and Mahalanobis distance as metrics for identifying cognitive differences, with a focus on investigating the brain mechanisms underlying varying levels of surgical proficiency in terms of frequency domain, neural connectivity, and graph theory. Frequency domain analyses revealed that experienced surgeons exhibited greater activation in the alpha bands of the prefrontal cortex (Fp1, Fp2), occipital cortex (O1, O2), and midline parietal cortex (Pz) during task execution, compared to less experienced surgeons. Connectivity analysis indicated that high-level surgeons demonstrated superior neural efficiency, characterized by weaker localized activity but enhanced global integration of brain regions. Graph theoretical analyses further highlighted differences in network organization, with higher-level surgeons achieving a balanced interplay between local specialization and global integration of brain networks. Finally, classification and ablation experiments confirmed that the EEG features identified in this study effectively differentiate surgeons based on their operational expertise. These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying brain mechanisms involved in surgical proficiency and offer potential applications for supporting surgeon training and objective assessment of surgical skills. This research paves the way for the development of more targeted training programs for robotic surgery, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of skill development and performance evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 121294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast complex-valued 4D fMRI reveals sleep-induced brain respiratory pulsation changes in both magnitude and phase signals","authors":"Saara Sofia Syväoja ,&nbsp;Lauri Raitamaa ,&nbsp;Heta Helakari ,&nbsp;Jussi Kantola ,&nbsp;Matti Järvelä ,&nbsp;Janne Kananen ,&nbsp;Ville Isokoski ,&nbsp;Vesa Korhonen ,&nbsp;Tommi Väyrynen ,&nbsp;Timo Tuovinen ,&nbsp;Jürgen Hennig ,&nbsp;Vesa Kiviniemi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physiological brain pulsations play a critical role in sleep physiology, but their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To study these pulsations more deeply, we employed ultrafast magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG) to capture complex-valued 4D fMRI brain data at a critical 10 Hz sampling rate in healthy volunteers during wakefulness and sleep. We compared the phase and magnitude components of the MREG signal, as the phase component is known to be particularly sensitive to subtle flow and susceptibility changes, offering insights beyond magnitude-only analysis. This approach enabled whole-brain mapping of the amplitudes of all three physiological pulsations - very low frequency (VLF), cardiac, and respiratory - using an extended amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method. We identified significant increases in respiratory amplitudes during sleep compared to wakefulness in both phase and magnitude signals, while the VLF and cardiac phase amplitudes did not show significant differences. Phase respiration map showed increase especially in default mode network regions, while additional patterns were observed in the cerebellum, ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, and subarachnoid cisterns. In contrast, the magnitude maps showed increased amplitudes more widespread across the cerebrum. These findings highlight the complementary nature of phase and magnitude data in fMRI and suggest that combining these signals provides a more comprehensive understanding of brain physiological dynamics during sleep than conventional magnitude-only analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 121290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effects of selective auditory attention in ERPs: From the brainstem to the cortex","authors":"Daniel J. Strauss ,&nbsp;Farah I. Corona–Strauss ,&nbsp;Adrian Mai ,&nbsp;Steven A. Hillyard","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A little over fifty years ago, it was reported that selectively attending to one of two dichotically presented tone sequences enhances the major N1 component of the cortical event-related potential (ERP) to the attended tones. The present study revisited this classic experiment but replaced the tones in one ear with frequency-modulated “chirps” that were designed to activate the entire cochlea simultaneously and thereby elicit robust ERPs in the auditory brainstem pathways. Participants attended selectively to the sounds in one ear at a time with the task of reporting occasional targets of lower intensity. When chirps were attended, they elicited enhanced ERPs at multiple levels of the auditory pathways (0–<span><math><mrow><mn>250</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></math></span>), including a brainstem response at the level of the inferior colliculus. These results help to resolve a long-standing question of whether selective attention exerts top-down control over the initial transmission of competing auditory inputs in the brainstem pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 121295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of reading Kana (syllabograms) and Kanji (morphograms)","authors":"Kazuto Katsuse ,&nbsp;Kazuo Kakinuma ,&nbsp;Shin-Ichiro Osawa ,&nbsp;Shoko Ota ,&nbsp;Hana Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Ai Kawamura ,&nbsp;Kazushi Ukishiro ,&nbsp;Kazuyo Tanji ,&nbsp;Nobuko Kawakami ,&nbsp;Chifumi Iseki ,&nbsp;Shigenori Kanno ,&nbsp;Yuichiro Shirota ,&nbsp;Masashi Hamada ,&nbsp;Tatsushi Toda ,&nbsp;Hidenori Endo ,&nbsp;Nobukazu Nakasato ,&nbsp;Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reading engages complex neural networks integrating visual, phonological, and semantic information. The dual-stream model posits ventral and dorsal pathways for lexical and sublexical processing in the left hemisphere and is well-supported in alphabetic languages. However, its applicability to non-alphabetic scripts remains unclear. The Japanese writing system, comprising Kana (syllabograms) and Kanji (morphograms) with distinct orthographic, phonological, and semantic properties, provides a unique framework to investigate neural dissociation between phonological and orthographic-semantic processing. Previous studies suggest that Kanji relies on the ventral route for whole-word recognition and semantic processing, whereas Kana depends mainly on the dorsal route for phonological decoding via grapheme-to-phoneme conversion; however, their spatiotemporal dynamics remain unknown. Using high-gamma power analysis from electrocorticography recordings in 14 patients with epilepsy and subdural implants, we examined the spatiotemporal neural dynamics of Kana and Kanji reading. Participants completed a visual lexical decision task with Kana and Kanji words and pseudowords. Across 912 electrodes, differential high-gamma power analysis showed that Kanji activated bilateral occipitotemporal fusiform regions early (120–550 ms) and the left inferior temporal gyrus (150–240 ms). Conversely, Kana showed prolonged late activation (270–750 ms) in the left-lateralised superior temporal, supramarginal, and inferior frontal gyri, especially during pseudoword processing. These findings indicate that Kanji relies on bilateral ventral stream earlier, while Kana depends on the left dorsal stream, with slower processing reflecting the extra grapheme-to-phoneme conversion. This underscores the value of non-alphabetic languages in elucidating both universal and script-specific neural mechanisms, advancing a cross-linguistic understanding of the reading network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 121316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of antagonistic network-targeted tDCS on brain co-activation patterns depends on the networks’ electric field: a simultaneous tDCS-fMRI study","authors":"Hechun Li ,&nbsp;Hongru Shi ,&nbsp;Sisi Jiang ,&nbsp;Changyue Hou ,&nbsp;Haonan Pei ,&nbsp;Hanxi Wu ,&nbsp;María Luisa Bringas Vega ,&nbsp;Gang Yao ,&nbsp;Dezhong Yao ,&nbsp;Cheng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brain networks should be ideal targets for non-invasive brain stimulation, as network dysfunction is a common feature of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of network-targeted stimulation is essential for advancing its clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>The current study utilized simultaneous network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the effects of tDCS targeting antagonistic networks on brain dynamics. A total of 143 healthy participants were recruited and assigned to receive central executive network (CEN)-targeted tDCS (C-targeted group), default mode network (DMN)-targeted tDCS (D-targeted group), or sham tDCS (sham group). fMRI data with three sections (pre-stimulation, during-stimulation, post-stimulation) were collected across all subjects. Individual electric field (EF) strength was simulated using individual head model. Six recurring brain patterns (co-activation patterns, CAPs) were identified. The temporal indices of these CAPs (occurrence, fraction time, persistence time) and their transition probabilities were calculated. This study first examined the effects of C-targeted / D-targeted / sham tDCS on temporal indices and further explored the contribution of brain networks’ EF strength on the altered temporal indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>C-targeted tDCS significantly increased the temporal indices of CAPs dominated by DMN and the transition probabilities from other CAPs to DMN-dominated CAPs during stimulation. Meanwhile, the decreased temporal indices of CAP dominated by CEN, and its transition probabilities to these CAPs were also found during C-targeted tDCS. In contrast, the d-targeted tDCS had only a slight effect on brain dynamics, while sham tDCS showed no significant impact. Further fusion analyses revealed that the EF strength in the salience network made a large contribution to the temporal indices of CAPs during stimulation, highlighting tight interactions within the triple networks. Moreover, integrating the EF strength of networks with large contributions and the pre-stimulation temporal indices effectively predicted the temporal indices of CAPs during stimulation. These findings suggest that C-targeted tDCS can modulate brain dynamics and emphasize the critical role of networks’ EF during stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of network-targeted tDCS in modulating brain dynamics, providing a new choice for treating neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant brain dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 121318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatosensory cortical representations of the assimilation effect for vibrotactile stimulation","authors":"Ji-Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Dooyoung Jung ,&nbsp;Junsuk Kim ,&nbsp;Sung-Phil Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Specific sensory pathways are well-described, but relatively less is known about how these different sensory information streams are integrated to create a coherent representation of the external environment. Several sensory illusions can help reveal these integration mechanisms. This study investigated the neural activity patterns associated with the assimilation effect in the perception of vibrotactile stimuli. The assimilation effect refers to a tactile perceptual bias in which the vibrotactile frequency perception on one finger is biased toward the frequency of a distracting vibrotactile stimulus on a different finger. The assimilation effects occur not only between fingers of the same hand (across-finger) but also between fingers on different hands (across-hand). These behavioral aspects of the assimilation effect led to the assumption that neural processes related to the assimilation effect would involve integrating different tactile information mediated by the somatosensory cortex. We addressed this hypothesis by investigating brain responses using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to vibrotactile stimuli that induced the assimilation effect under across-finger and across-hand conditions. As expected, vibrotactile stimuli activated the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. However, these local neural responses did not correlate with the assimilation effect among individuals. Instead, the connectivity between S1 and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was correlated with individual across-finger assimilation effects and connectivity between S2 and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) with individual across-hand assimilation effects. These results suggest that the assimilation effect may be related to tactile information integration via functional connections between the somatosensory cortex and higher-order brain regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 121310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain short T2 component imaging using double adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort Echo time (DIR-UTE) sequence","authors":"Jiyo S. Athertya ,&nbsp;Mahyar Daskareh ,&nbsp;Soo Hyun Shin ,&nbsp;Jiaji Wang ,&nbsp;James Lo ,&nbsp;Yajun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short T₂ components in the brain are uniquely associated with myelin structure, but direct MR imaging is challenging due to their relatively short T₂ values and low proton density compared to long T₂ water. This study introduces a novel 3D double adiabatic inversion recovery-prepared ultrashort echo time (DIR-UTE) sequence for selective whole-brain imaging of short T₂ components. The sequence employs two identical adiabatic inversion pulses with optimized inversion times (TIs) to suppress long T₂ signals, followed by a 3D UTE acquisition to capture rapidly decaying signals. Technical feasibility was evaluated using phantoms, six healthy volunteers, and five patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on a 3T MRI scanner. Short T₂ proton fraction (SPF) was measured in white matter, gray matter, MS lesions, and across the whole brain to assess differences in myelin content. Phantom studies confirmed effective suppression of long T₂ signals over a wide range of T₁ values. In healthy volunteers, DIR-UTE selectively captured short T₂ signals, with an estimated T₂* of 0.21±0.01 ms in white matter. SPF in normal white matter (5.12±0.57 %) was significantly higher than in normal-appearing white matter (4.06±0.61 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and MS lesions (2.76±0.78 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Similar trends were observed in gray matter. Whole-brain analysis also showed lower average SPF in MS patients (3.42±0.38 %) compared to healthy controls (4.01±0.35 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). These results demonstrate the DIR-UTE sequence's ability to suppress long T₂ signals and selectively image short T₂ components, with SPF emerging as a potential biomarker for demyelinating diseases like MS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 121315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial photobiomodulation improves functional brain networks and working memory in healthy older adults: An fNIRS study","authors":"Qin Yang ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Qu ,&nbsp;Can Sheng ,&nbsp;Xing Zhao ,&nbsp;Guanqun Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoni Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxia Li ,&nbsp;Wenying Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Li ,&nbsp;Haijing Niu ,&nbsp;Ying Han","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), as a novel non-invasive neurostimulation technique, has shown the compelling potential for improving cognitive function in aging population. However, the potential mechanism remains unclear. Neuroimaging studies have found that tPBM-induced physiological changes exist in both targeted and non-targeted brain areas, suggesting the necessity of understanding the modulation mechanism from the perspective of the whole brain level.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled crossover study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that tPBM improved working memory in healthy older adults through the mechanism of optimizing the properties of the resting-state functional brain networks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 55 right-handed healthy older adults were randomly assigned to sham tPBM session group or active tPBM session group. After a washout interval, they were assigned to the opposite intervention session. Each session included the following: active or sham tPBM application with a 1064-nm laser to the left forehead; before and after, resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements; and the digital n-back task. Differences in accuracy and reaction time of the n-back task, and changes in functional connectivity and graph metrics of the brain networks were investigated and compared between the active and sham tPBM sessions. In addition, correlations between tPBM-induced changes in functional brain networks, and the n-back task were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that compared with the sham tPBM session, the accuracy and reaction time during 3-back task significantly improved in the active tPBM session. In addition, the global efficiency, local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and functional connectivity significantly increased in the active tPBM session, particularly in the frontoparietal areas. Importantly, the altered 3-back accuracy was positively correlated with the changes of functional connectivity and nodal efficiency mainly in left prefrontal cortex in those who had increased 3-back accuracy in the active tPBM session.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that tPBM may serve as an effective tool to improve working memory in older adults through the modulation of resting-state functional brain network properties. Investigations in large-scale samples are needed to further validate the findings of this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 121305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the neurovascular coupling across multiple motor execution and imagery conditions: a whole-brain EEG-informed fMRI analysis","authors":"Elena Bondi ,&nbsp;Yidan Ding ,&nbsp;Yisha Zhang ,&nbsp;Eleonora Maggioni ,&nbsp;Bin He","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complementary strengths of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have driven extensive research into integrating these two noninvasive modalities to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive, sensory, and motor functions. However, the precise neural patterns associated with motor functions, especially imagined movements, remain unclear. Specifically, the correlations between electrophysiological responses and hemodynamic activations during executed and imagined movements have not been fully elucidated at a whole-brain level. In this study, we employed a unified EEG-informed fMRI approach on concurrent EEG-fMRI data to map hemodynamic changes associated with dynamic EEG temporal features during motor-related brain activities. We localized and differentiated the hemodynamic activations corresponding to continuous EEG temporal dynamics across multiple motor execution and imagery tasks. Validation against conventional block fMRI analysis demonstrated high precision in identifying regions specific to motor activities, underscoring the accuracy of the EEG-driven model. Beyond the expected sensorimotor activations, the integrated analysis revealed supplementary coactivated regions showing significant negative covariation between blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activities and sensorimotor EEG alpha power, including the cerebellum, frontal, and temporal regions. These findings confirmed both the colocalization of EEG and fMRI activities in sensorimotor regions and a negative covariation between EEG alpha band power and BOLD changes. Moreover, the results provide novel insights into neurovascular coupling during motor execution and imagery on a brain-wide scale, advancing our understanding of the neural dynamics underlying motor functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 121311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}