Neuropeptides最新文献

{"title":"Bee venom ameliorates oxidative stress and histopathological changes of hippocampus, liver and testis during status epileptics","authors":"Esraa K. Aly ,&nbsp;Hanan S. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah ,&nbsp;Gaber M.G. Shehab ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz S.A. Abuelsaad ,&nbsp;Eman S. Abdel-Rehiem ,&nbsp;Manal Abdul-Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The unrelenting progression of neurodegenerative diseases<span><span> has a negative impact on affected individuals, their families, and society. Recurrent epileptic seizures are the hallmark of epilepsy, and treating it effectively remains difficult. Clarify and understanding effects of the </span>antiepileptic drugs<span><span><span> (AEDs) in epilepsy by comparing the therapeutic effects between rats receiving valproic acid (VPA) and </span>Bee venom<span> (BV) was aimed throughout the present study. Four male Wistar rat<span> groups were included: control, epileptic group receiving pilocarpine<span> (PILO), epileptic group treated with VPA and BV respectively. Cognitive functions were assessed by evaluating latency time in hot plate, </span></span></span></span>despair<span> swim test, grooming, rearing and ambulation frequency in the open field. BV has ameliorative effect on electrolytes balancing, assured by decreasing lipid peroxidation<span><span>, nitric oxide and increasing </span>catalase, </span></span></span></span></span>superoxide dismutase and </span>glutathione peroxidase<span><span> activities. BV enhanced restoration of liver functions indicated by alanine transaminase (ALT) and </span>aspartate transaminase (AST), total proteins, and albumin; hormonal parameters total and </span></span>free testosterone<span><span>, follicle stimulating hormone<span> (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone<span> (LH) were preserved by BV with great recovery of hippocampus, liver and testicular </span></span></span>histopathology<span> and ultrastructure comparing with the epileptic rats. The present findings suggested that BV and its active components offer fresh options for controlling epilepsy and prospective methods via minimize or manage the severe consequences.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10520891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF-18 alleviates memory impairments and neuropathological changes in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Arzuhan Cetindag Ciltas ,&nbsp;Sebahattin Karabulut ,&nbsp;Bilal Sahin ,&nbsp;Ahmet Kemal Filiz ,&nbsp;Fatih Yulak ,&nbsp;Mustafa Ozkaraca ,&nbsp;Ozhan Karatas ,&nbsp;Ali Cetin","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology marked by </span>amyloid beta<span><span> (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and progressive cognitive decline. Previous studies show that </span>fibroblast growth factor 18<span> (FGF18) exerts a neuroprotective<span> effect in experimental models of neurodegeneration; however, how it affects AD pathology remains unknown. This study aimed to ascertain the impact of FGF18 on the behavioral and neuropathological changes in the rat model of sporadic AD induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of </span></span></span></span>streptozotocin<span><span> (STZ). The rats were treated with FGF18 (0.94 and 1.88 pmol, ICV) on the 15th day after STZ injection. Their cognitive function was assessed in the Morris water maze and </span>passive avoidance<span><span><span> tests for 5 days from the 16th to the 21st days. Aβ levels and histological signs of neurotoxicity were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and histopathological analysis of the brain, respectively. FGF18 mildly ameliorated the STZ-induced </span>cognitive impairment; the Aβ accumulation was reduced; and the neuronal damage including </span>pyknosis<span> and apoptosis was alleviated in the rat brain. This study highlights the promising therapeutic potential for FGF18 in managing AD.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of TNIP2 on the inflammatory response of microglia after spinal cord injury in rats","authors":"Jiawei Fu ,&nbsp;Chunshuai Wu ,&nbsp;Guanhua Xu ,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiajia Chen ,&nbsp;Chu Chen ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Hong ,&nbsp;Pengfei Xue ,&nbsp;Jiawei Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Huang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Ji ,&nbsp;Zhiming Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Spinal cord injury<span> (SCI) is a devastating disease that can lead to tissue loss and neurological dysfunction. TNIP2 is a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling due to its capacity to bind A20 and suppress inflammatory cytokines-induced NF-κB activation. However, the anti-inflammatory role of TNIP2 in SCI remains unclear. Our study's intention was to evaluate the effect of TNIP2 on the inflammatory response of microglia after spinal cord injury in rats.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>HE </span>staining<span> and Nissl staining were performed on day 3 following SCI to analyze the histological changes. To further investigate the functional changes of TNIP2 after SCI, we performed immunofluorescence staining experiments. The effect of </span></span>LPS<span> on TNIP2 expression in BV2 cells was examined by western blot. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in spinal cord tissues of rats with SCI and in BV2 cells with LPS were measured by using qPCR.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>TNIP2 expression was closely associated with the pathophysiology of SCI in rats, and TNIP2 was involved in regulating functional changes in microglia. TNIP2 expression was increased during SCI in rats and that overexpression of TNIP2 inhibited M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in microglia, which might ultimately protect against inflammatory responses through the </span>MAPK<span> and NF-κB signaling pathways.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present study provides evidence for a role of TNIP2 in the regulation of inflammation in SCI and suggests that induction of TNIP2 expression alleviated the inflammatory response of microglia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10249146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiochemical characteristics of arginine-rich peptides explain their potential therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Sedigheh Eskandari ,&nbsp;Ameneh Rezayof ,&nbsp;S. Mohsen Asghari ,&nbsp;Shiva Hashemizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Neurodegenerative diseases<span><span>, including Alzheimer̕ s disease (AD), Parkinson̕ s disease (PD), Huntington̕ s disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) require special attention to find new potential </span>treatment<span> methods. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the biochemical properties of arginine-rich peptides (ARPs) and their neuroprotective effects to deal with the harmful effects of risk factors. It seems that ARPs have portrayed a promising and fantastic landscape for treating neurodegeneration-associated disorders. With multimodal mechanisms of action, ARPs play various unprecedented roles, including as the novel delivery platforms for entering the </span></span></span>central nervous system<span><span><span> (CNS), the potent antagonists for calcium influx<span>, the invader molecules for targeting mitochondria, and the protein stabilizers. Interestingly, these peptides inhibit the proteolytic enzymes<span> and block protein aggregation to induce pro-survival signaling pathways. ARPs also serve as the scavengers of toxic molecules and the reducers of </span></span></span>oxidative stress<span><span> agents. They also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, by providing an efficient </span>nucleic acid delivery system, ARPs can play an essential role in developing various fields, including gene vaccines, gene therapy, gene editing, and imaging. ARP agents and ARP/cargo therapeutics can be raised as an emergent class of neurotherapeutics for </span></span>neurodegeneration<span>. Part of the aim of this review is to present recent advances in treating neurodegenerative diseases using ARPs as an emerging and powerful therapeutic tool. The applications and progress of ARPs-based nucleic acid delivery systems have also been discussed to highlight their usefulness as a broad-acting class of drugs.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of voluntary, and forced exercises on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in animal models of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Forouzan Rafie ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh ,&nbsp;Mehdi Shahbazi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Pourranjbar ,&nbsp;Amir H. Nekouei ,&nbsp;Vahid Sheibani ,&nbsp;Daniel Peterson","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Parkinson's disease<span> (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. </span></span>Cognitive dysfunction<span> represents a common and challenging non-motor symptom for people with Parkinson's disease. The number of neurotrophic proteins in the brain is critical in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. This research aims to compare the effects of two types of exercise, forced and voluntary, on spatial memory and learning and neurochemical factors (CDNF and BDNF).</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this research, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups (<em>n</em><span><span> = 10): the control (CTL) group without exercise, the Parkinson's groups without and with forced (FE) and voluntary (VE) exercises, and the sham groups (with voluntary and forced exercise). The animals in the forced exercise group were placed on the treadmill for four weeks (five days a week). At the same time, voluntary exercise training groups were placed in a special cage equipped with a rotating wheel. At the end of 4 weeks, learning and spatial memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze<span> test. BDNF and CDNF protein levels in the </span></span>hippocampus<span> were measured by the ELISA method.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that although the PD group without exercise was at a significantly lower level than other groups in terms of cognitive function and neurochemical factors, both types of exercise, could improve these problems.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>According to our results, 4 weeks of voluntary and forced exercises were all found to reverse the cognitive impairments of PD rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10537783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal oxytocin treatment alters levels of precursor and mature BDNF forms and modifies the expression of neuronal markers in the male rat hippocampus","authors":"Stanislava Bukatova ,&nbsp;Alexandra Reichova ,&nbsp;Zuzana Bacova ,&nbsp;Jan Bakos","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Neuropeptide oxytocin appears to be involved in the formation of hippocampal circuitry, underlying social memory and </span>behaviour. Recent studies point to the role of oxytocin in regulating the levels of </span>nerve growth factors that could influence </span>neurogenesis<span> and neuritogenesis<span> during the early stages of brain development. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the early developmental effect of oxytocin administration (P2 and P3 days, two doses, 5 μg/pup, s.c.) on the expression of 1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) isoforms<span><span> and 2) GABAergic and glutamatergic<span> markers in the male rat hippocampus. Furthermore, we evaluated the branching of dendrites of primary hippocampal GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in response to incubation with oxytocin (1 μM). We found that after oxytocin administration, levels of proBDNF increased on P5 and mBDNF on P7 in the </span></span>CA1 hippocampal region. We also observed a reduction in the expression of glutamatergic marker (</span></span></span></span><em>VGluT2</em>) on P7 compared to P5 in control and oxytocin treated rats. During the early developmental stages (P5, P7, P9) the expression of GABAergic markers (<em>Gad65</em> and <em>Gad67</em><span><span>) decreased regardless of oxytocin treatment<span>. Incubation in a presence of oxytocin reduced branching of glutamatergic hippocampal neurons and the opposite stimulatory effect of oxytocin was observed in GABAergic neurons. These findings suggest that oxytocin affects </span></span>neurotrophin isoforms in the male rat hippocampus in the early stages of development, which could explain changes in glutamatergic neurons and their morphology.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the functional significance of HSP90AB1 and other heat shock proteins in countering glioblastomas and ependymomas using omics analysis and drug prediction using virtual screening","authors":"Sudhanshu Sharma,&nbsp;Pravir Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the evolutionary family of proteins that are highly conserved and present widely in various organisms and play an array of important roles and cellular functions. Currently, very few or no studies are based on the systematic analysis of the HSPs in </span>Glioblastoma<span><span><span> (GBMs) and ependymomas. We performed an integrated </span>omics<span> analysis to predict the mutual regulatory differential HSP signatures that were associated with both glioblastoma and ependymomas. Further, we explored the various common dysregulated biological processes<span><span><span><span> operating in both the tumors, and were analyzed using functional enrichment, gene ontology along with the pathway analysis of the predicted HSPs. We established an </span>interactome network of protein-protein interaction (PPIN) to identify the hub HSPs that were commonly associated with GBMs and ependymoma. To understand the mutual molecular mechanism of the HSPs in both </span>malignancies, transcription factors, and </span>miRNAs<span> overlapping with both diseases were explored. Moreover, a transcription factor-miRNAs-HSPs coregulatory network was constructed along with the prediction of potential candidate </span></span></span></span>drugs<span> that were based on perturbation-induced gene expression analysis. Based on the RNA-sequencing data, HSP90AB1 was identified as the most promising target among other predicted HSPs. Finally, the ranking of the drugs was arranged based on various drug scores. In conclusion, this study gave a spotlight on the mutual targetable HSPs, biological pathways, and regulatory signatures associated with GBMs and ependymoma with an improved understanding of crosstalk involved. Additionally, the role of therapeutics was also explored against HSP90AB1. These findings could potentially be able to explain the interplay of HSP90AB1 and other HSPs within these two malignancies.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The regulatory effects of the apelin/APJ system on depression: A prospective therapeutic target","authors":"Yanjun Tian ,&nbsp;Ruihao Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Wenhuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiqing Liu ,&nbsp;Liqing Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunlu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depression is a debilitating neuropsychological disorder characterized by high incidence, high recurrence, high suicide, and high disability rates, which poses serious threats to human health and imposes heavy psychological and economic burdens on family and society. The pathogenesis of depression is extremely complex, and its etiology is multifactorial. Mounting evidence suggests that apelin and apelin receptor APJ, which compose the apelin/APJ system, are related to the development of depression. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear, and research in this area in human is still insufficient. Acceleration of research into the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the apelin/APJ system in depression may identify attractive therapeutic targets and contribute to the development of novel intervention strategies against this devastating psychological disorder. In this review, we mainly discuss the regulatory effects of apelin/APJ system on depression and its potential therapeutic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mate calling alters expression of neuropeptide, cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript (CART) in the brain of male frog Microhyla nilphamariensis","authors":"Shobha Bhargava ,&nbsp;Ketaki Shetye ,&nbsp;Swapnil Shewale ,&nbsp;Nitin Sawant ,&nbsp;Sneha Sagarkar ,&nbsp;Nishikant Subhedar","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Croaking is a unique component of reproductive behaviour<span> in amphibians which plays a key role in intraspecies communication and mate evaluation. While gonadal hormones are known to induce croaking, central regulation of sound production is less studied. Croaking is a dramatic, transient activity that sets apart an animal from non-croaking individuals. Herein, we aim at examining the profile of the neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in actively croaking and non-croaking frog </span></span><em>Microhyla nilphamariensis</em><span><span>. In anurans, this peptide is widely expressed in the areas inclusive of acoustical nuclei as well as areas relevant to reproduction. CART immunoreactivity<span><span> was far more in the preoptic area (POA), anteroventral </span>tegmentum (AV), ventral </span></span>hypothalamus<span><span><span> (vHy), pineal (P) and pituitary gland of croaking frog compared to non-croaking animals. On similar lines, tissue fragments collected from the mid region of the brain inclusive of POA, vHy, AV, pineal and pituitary gland of croaking frog showed upregulation of CART mRNA. However, CART immunoreactivity in the neuronal </span>perikarya of </span>raphe (Ra) was completely abolished during croaking activity. The data suggest that CART signaling in the brain may be an important player in mediating croaking behaviour in the frog.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced mastication during growth inhibits cognitive function by affecting trigeminal ganglia and modulating Wnt signaling pathway and ARHGAP33 molecular transmission","authors":"Eri Misawa-Omori,&nbsp;Hidemasa Okihara,&nbsp;Takuya Ogawa,&nbsp;Yasunori Abe,&nbsp;Chiho Kato,&nbsp;Hideyuki Ishidori,&nbsp;Akiyo Fujita,&nbsp;Satoshi Kokai,&nbsp;Takashi Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2023.102370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Binding of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) is essential for the development of the hippocampus, which regulates memory and learning. Decreased masticatory stimulation during growth reportedly increases BDNF expression while decreasing TrkB expression in the hippocampus. Increased BDNF expression is associated with Wnt family member 3A (Wnt3a) expression and decreased expression of Rho GTPase Activating Protein 33 (ARHGAP33), which regulates intracellular transport of TrkB. TrkB expression may be decreased at the cell surface and affects the hippocampus via BDNF/TrkB signaling. Mastication affects cerebral blood flow and the neural cascade that occurs through the trigeminal nerve and hippocampus. In the current study, we hypothesized that decreased masticatory stimulation reduces memory/learning in mice due to altered Wnt3a and ARHGAP33 expression, which are related to memory/learning functions in the hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, we fed mice a powdered diet until 14 weeks of age and analyzed the BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the right hippocampus using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Wnt3a and ARHGAP33 levels in the left hippocampus using western blotting. Furthermore, we used staining to assess BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus and the number of nerve cells, the average size of each single cell and the area of intercellular spaces of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). We found that decreased masticatory stimulation affected the expression of BDNF, Wnt3a, ARHGAP33, and TrkB proteins in the hippocampus, as well as memory/learning. The experimental group showed significantly decreased numbers of neurons and increased the area of intercellular spaces in the TG. Our findings suggest that reduced masticatory stimulation during growth induces a decline in memory/learning by modulating molecular transmission mechanisms in the hippocampus and TG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10085261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}