Neuropeptides最新文献

{"title":"Galectin-9 and Tim-3 are upregulated in response to microglial activation induced by the peptide Amyloid-β (25–35)","authors":"Eleazar Ramírez Hernández,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Hernández Zimbrón,&nbsp;Emmanuel Segura Pérez,&nbsp;José Luis Sánchez Salgado,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali Pereyra Morales,&nbsp;Edgar Zenteno","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2024.102426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding lectins associated with regulating immunological response. In the brains of AD patients and 5xFAD (familial AD) mice, galectin-3 (Gal-3) was highly upregulated and found to be expressed in microglia associated with Aβ plaques. However, the participation of other galectins, specifically galectin-9 (Gal-9) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) receptors, are unknown in the inflammatory response. The experimental model of the Aβ₂₅_–₃₅ peptide will allow us to study the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and describe the changes in the expression of the Gal-9 and Tim-3 receptor. This study aimed to evaluate whether Aβ₂₅_–₃₅ peptide administration into the lateral ventricles of rats upregulated Gal-9 and Tim-3 implicated in the modulation of neuroinflammation. The vehicle or Aβ₂₅_–₃₅ peptide (1 μg/μL) was bilaterally administered into the <em>lateral ventricles</em> of the rat, and control group. After the administration of the Aβ_25–35 peptide, animals were tested for learning (day 29) and spatial memory (day 30) in the novel object recognition test (NOR). On day 31, hippocampus was examined for morphological changes by Nilss stain, biochemical changes by NO₂ and MDA, immunohistochemical analysis by astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba1), Gal-9 and Tim-3, and western blot. Our results show the administration of the Aβ₂₅_–₃₅ peptide into the <em>lateral ventricles</em> of rats induce memory impairment in the NOR by increases the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This result is associated with an upregulation of Gal-9 and Tim-3 predominantly detected in the microglia cells of Aβ₂₅_–₃₅-treated rats with respect to the control group. Gal-9 and Tim-3 are upregulated in activated microglia that could modulate the inflammatory response and damage in neurodegenerative processes induced by the Aβ₂₅_–₃₅ peptide. Therefore, we suggest that Gal-9 and Tim-3 participate in the inflammatory process induced by the administration of the Aβ₂₅_–₃₅ peptide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143417924000258/pdfft?md5=471e20bb5ca6ddae159f76bd82c815ee&pid=1-s2.0-S0143417924000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140209005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Important role of NPY-Y4R signalling in the dual control of feeding and physical activity","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Herbert Herzog","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The control of feeding and physical activity is tightly linked and coordinated. However the underlying mechanisms are unclear. One of the major regulatory systems of feeding behaviour involves neuropeptide Y (NPY) signalling, with the signalling mediated through NPY Y4 receptor also known to influence activity. Here we show that mice globally lacking the <em>Npy4r</em> (<em>Npy4r</em>^−/−) in the absence of access to a running wheel behaved WT-like with regards to food intake, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and locomotion regardless of being fed on a chow or high fat diet. Interestingly however, when given the access to a running wheel, <em>Npy4r</em>^−/− mice while having a comparable locomotor activity, showed significantly higher wheel-running activity than WT, again regardless of dietary conditions. This higher wheel-running activity in <em>Npy4r</em>^−/−mice arose from an increased dark-phase running time rather than changes in number of running bouts or the running speed. Consistently, energy expenditure was higher in <em>Npy4r</em>^−/− than WT mice. Importantly, food intake was reduced in <em>Npy4r</em>^−/−mice under wheel access condition which was due to decreased feeding bouts rather than changes in meal size. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role of Npy4r signalling in the dual control of feeding and physical activity, particularly in the form of wheel-running activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baroreflex afferent function is a part of insights of Leptin-mediated blood pressure reduction and Leptin-resistance hypertension","authors":"Shi-gang Ren ,&nbsp;Dong-mei Li ,&nbsp;Hua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2024.102418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to verify the impact of Leptin in blood pressure (BP) regulation and Leptin-resistance in metabolic/neurogenic hypertension through baroreflex afferents and dysregulation. Artery BP/heart rate (HR) were measured while nodose (NG) microinjection of Leptin, membrane depolarization/inward current were obtained by whole-cell patch from NG neurons isolated from adult female rats. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) tested with PE/SNP, distribution/expression of Leptin/receptors in the NG/nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) examined using immumostaining and qRT-PCR, and serum concentrations of Leptin/NE measured by ELISA were observed in control and high fructose-drinking induced hypertension (HTN-HFD) rats. The results showed that BP was significantly/dose-dependently reduced by Leptin NG microinjection likely through direct excitation of female-specific subpopulation of Ah-type neurons showing a potent membrane depolarization/inward currents. Sex-specific distribution/expression of OB-Ra/OB-Rb in the NG were detected with estrogen-dependent manner, similar observations were also confirmed in the NTS. As expected, BRS was dramatically decreased in the presence of PE/SNP in both male and female rats except for the female with PE at given concentrations. Additionally, serum concentration of Leptin was elevated in HFD-HTN model rats of either sex with more obvious in females. Under hypertensive condition, the mean fluorescent density of OB-R and mRNA expression for OB-Ra/OB-Rb in the NG/NTS were significantly down-regulated. These results have demonstrated that Leptin play a role in dominant parasympathetic drive via baroreflex afferent activation to buffer Leptin-mediated sympathetic activation systemically and Leptin-resistance is an innegligible mechanism for metabolic/neurogenic hypertension through baroreflex afferent dysregulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140030341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illuminating the neuropeptide Y4 receptor and its ligand pancreatic polypeptide from a structural, functional, and therapeutic perspective","authors":"Corinna Schüß,&nbsp;Victoria Behr,&nbsp;Annette G. Beck-Sickinger","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The neuropeptide Y₄ receptor (Y₄R), a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the hormone pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are members of the neuropeptide Y family consisting of four receptors (Y₁R, Y₂R, Y₄R, Y₅R) and three highly homologous peptide ligands (neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, PP). In this family, the Y₄R is of particular interest as it is the only subtype with high affinity to PP over NPY. The Y₄R, as a mediator of PP signaling, has a pivotal role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis, offering potential avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity. PP as anorexigenic peptide is released postprandial from the pancreas in response to food intake, induces satiety signals and contributes to hamper excessive food intake. Moreover, this system was also described to be associated with different types of cancer: overexpression of Y₄R have been found in human adenocarcinoma cells, while elevated levels of PP are related to the development of pancreatic endocrine tumors. The pharmacological relevance of the Y₄R advanced the search for potent and selective ligands for this receptor subtype, which will be significantly progressed through the elucidation of the active state PP-Y₄R cryo-EM structure. This review summarizes the development of novel PP-derived ligands, like Obinepitide as dual Y₂R/Y₄R agonist in clinical trials or UR-AK86c as small hexapeptide agonist with picomolar affinity, as well as the first allosteric modulators that selectively target the Y₄R, <em>e.g.</em> VU0506013 as potent Y₄R positive allosteric modulator or <em>(S)</em>-VU0637120 as allosteric antagonist. Here, we provide valuable insights into the complex physiological functions of the Y₄R and PP and the pharmacological relevance of the system in appetite regulation to open up new avenues for the development of tool compounds for targeted therapies with potential applications in metabolic disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143417924000155/pdfft?md5=b8a385486d41fb866d575d8ce8c463a3&pid=1-s2.0-S0143417924000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral administration of lipidized NPAF and NPFF analogs does not influence central food intake regulation but induces anxiety-like behavior","authors":"Veronika Strnadová ,&nbsp;Alena Morgan ,&nbsp;Magdalena Škrlová ,&nbsp;Eliška Haasová ,&nbsp;Kristina Bardová ,&nbsp;Aneta Myšková ,&nbsp;David Sýkora ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Kuneš ,&nbsp;Blanka Železná ,&nbsp;Lenka Maletínská","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RF-amide peptides influence multiple physiological processes, including the regulation of appetite, stress responses, behavior, and reproductive and endocrine functions. In this study, we examined the roles of neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR1 and NPFFR2) by generating several lipidized analogs of neuropeptide AF (NPAF) and 1DMe, a stable analog of neuropeptide FF (NPFF). These analogs were administered peripherally for the first time to investigate their effects on food intake and other potential physiological outcomes. Lipidized NPAF and 1DMe analogs exhibited enhanced stability and increased pharmacokinetics. These analogs demonstrated preserved high affinity for NPFFR2 in the nanomolar range, while the binding affinity for NPFFR1 was tens of nanomoles. They activated the ERK and Akt signaling pathways in cells overexpressing the NPFFR1 and NPFFR2 receptors.</p><p>Acute food intake in fasted mice decreased after the peripheral administration of oct-NPAF or oct-1DMe. However, this effect was not as pronounced as that observed after the injection of palm¹¹-PrRP31, a potent anorexigenic compound used as a comparator that binds to GPR10 and the NPFFR2 receptor with high affinity. Neither oct-1DMe nor oct-NPAF decreased food intake or body weight in mice with diet-induced obesity during long-term treatment. In mice treated with oct-1DMe, we observed decreased activity in the central zone during the open field test and decreased activity in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in plasma noradrenaline levels and an increase in plasma corticosterone levels, as well as an increase in <em>Crh</em> expression in the hypothalamus. Moreover, neuronal activity in the hypothalamus was increased after treatment with oct-1DMe.</p><p>In this study, we report that oct-1DMe did not have any long-term effects on the central regulation of food intake; however, it caused anxiety-like behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143417924000167/pdfft?md5=d8c7a303e8855876aba893145ad60858&pid=1-s2.0-S0143417924000167-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recent update on drugs and alternative approaches for parkinsonism","authors":"Sneha Kispotta,&nbsp;Debajyoti Das,&nbsp;Shakti Ketan Prusty","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Parkinson's disease</strong>, often known as PD, is a more common age-related neurological disorder that affects a huge number of older adults worldwide. Parkinson's disease is predominantly a movement-related pathosis and is distinguished by the deposition of intra-neuronal aggregates, as the alpha-synuclein gene is expressed as Lewy bodies (LB) causing dopaminergic neurons to die. Stress in early life may contribute to the development of depression, and depression in patients may result in the development of Parkinson's disease as they mature. Depression is a non-motor condition that leads to motor symptoms, such as Parkinson's disease. PD Patients are currently utilizing a variety of other therapies like utilizing nutritional supplements, herbal remedies, vitamins, and massage. When a patient's functional ability is impaired, drug treatment is usually initiated according to the individual's condition and the severity of signs and symptoms. The current marketed anti-Parkinson drugs, has low brain distribution and failing to repair dopaminergic neurons or delaying the progression of the disease these negative effects were unavoidable. To overcome these disadvantages, this review considers the inclusion of drugs used in Parkinson's disease, focusing on strategies to reuse existing compounds to speed up drug development, their capacity to traverse the BBB, and drug dispersion in the brain. We look at cellular therapies and repurposed drugs. We also investigate the mechanisms, effectiveness, as well as safety of several new medications that are being repositioned for Parkinson's disease pharmacotherapy. In this study, we focus on global trends in Parkinson's disease research. We hope to raise awareness about the present state of major factors for disability worldwide, including yearly prevalence's from international and national statistics. The pathophysiology of Parkinsonism and also analyze existing therapies for Parkinson's disease, moreover new and innovative drug therapies, and to assess the prospects for disease modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative changes of serum orphanin in diabetic patients and its relationship with sympathetic nervous system","authors":"Lin-Zhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng-Li Xie ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Zhang Liang ,&nbsp;Si-Kun Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Han","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The occurrence of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients during the perioperative period is related to the activation of sympathetic nerves. Basic research shows that serum nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) levels in diabetic neuropathy rats increased, and N/OFQ reduces the release of norepinephrine (NE). We hypothesize that N/OFQ will affect the sympathetic nervous system during perioperative myocardium of diabetic patients. 66 patients with unilateral knee arthroplasty were divided into diabetes group (D group) and non-diabetes group (N group). Measured blood glucose, serum NE, N/OFQ concentrations at the 30 min before anesthesia (T0), 1 h after surgery (T1), 24 h after surgery (T2) and the cardiac troponinI (cTnI) concentration at T0 and T2. Compared with N group, the concentration of blood glucose, N/OFQ and cTnI in D group was higher and the NE was lower at T0 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At T1, the blood glucose, N/OFQ, NE concentrations of D group increased, only the blood glucose increased in N group (P &lt; 0.05). Serum N/OFQ of D group from T0 to T1 was correlated with the change trend of blood glucose, NE concentration from T0 to T1 and cTnI from T0 to T2(<em>r</em> = 0.386, <em>P</em> = 0.027; <em>r</em> = 0.350, <em>P</em> = 0.046; <em>r</em> = 0.363, <em>P</em> = 0.038). The outcomes demonstrated that the preoperative serum N/OFQ concentration in diabetic patients was increased, and the increase in N/OFQ concentration during the operation was related to the increase in NE and cTnI concentrations, perioperative N/OFQ may mediate myocardial injury through sympathetic nervous system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of neuropeptide Y with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole on carbon fiber microelectrodes","authors":"Luis López ,&nbsp;Kelly Lozano ,&nbsp;John Cruz ,&nbsp;Krystal Flores ,&nbsp;Lauren Fernández-Vega ,&nbsp;Lisandro Cunci","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2024.102413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The measurement of neuropeptides using small electrodes for high spatial resolution would provide us with localized information on the release of neuromolecules. The release of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is related to different neurological diseases such as stress, obesity, and PTSD, among others. In this conference paper, we electrodeposited polypyrrole on carbon fiber microelectrodes in the presence of NPY to develop a molecularly imprinted polypyrrole sensitive to NPY. Optimization of the electrodeposition process resulted in the full coverage of the polymer with nucleation sites on the carbon fiber ridges, achieving completion by the seventh cycle. Electrodeposition was performed for five cycles, and using cyclic voltammetry (CV), we studied the change in the oxidation current peak for polypyrrole due to the presence of NPY. We also observed a change in capacitance due to the presence of NPY, which was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A linear correlation was found between the oxidation peak and the concentration of NPY between 50 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL. In addition, a linear correlation was also found between microelectrode capacitance and the concentration of NPY between 50 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL at 100 kHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of NPY signaling pathway in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of stroke","authors":"Taotao Jiang ,&nbsp;Ting Zheng ,&nbsp;Rundong Li ,&nbsp;Jingjing Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Luan ,&nbsp;Manxia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an extensively distributed neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS), was initially detected and isolated from the brain of a pig in 1982. By binding to its G protein-coupled receptors, NPY regulates immune responses and contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. The hippocampus contained the maximum concentration in the CNS, with the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum following suit. This arrangement suggests that the substance has a specific function within the CNS. More and more studies have shown that NPY is involved in the physiological and pathological mechanism of stroke, and its serum concentration can be one of the specific biomarkers of stroke and related complications because of its high activity, broad and complex effects. By summarizing relevant literature, this article aims to gain a thorough understanding of the potential clinical applications of NPY in the treatment of stroke, identification of stroke and its related complications, and assessment of prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of truncated TrkB and co-expression with full-length TrkB in the cerebral cortex of adult mice","authors":"Koji Ohira","doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npep.2024.102411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the neurotrophins, and its specific receptor TrkB, are abundantly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and have a variety of biological effects, such as neural survival, neurite elongation, neural differentiation, and enhancing synaptic functions. Currently, there are two TrkB subtypes: full-length TrkB (TrkB-FL), which has a tyrosine kinase in the intracellular domain, and TrkB-T1, which is a tyrosine kinase-deficient form. While TrkB-FL is a typical tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkB-T1 is a main form expressed in the CNS of adult mammals, but its function is unknown. In this study, we performed fluorescent staining of the cerebral cortex of adult mice, by using TrkB-T1 antiserum and various antibodies of marker molecules for neurons and glial cells. We found that TrkB-T1 was expressed not only in neurons but also in astrocytes. In contrast, little expression of TrkB-T1 was found in oligodendrocytes and microglia. TrkB-T1 was expressed in almost all of the cells expressing TrkB-FL, indicating the direct interaction between TrkB subtypes. These findings suggest that a part of various functions of BDNF-TrkB signaling might be due to the interaction and cellular localization of TrkB subtypes in the cerebral cortex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19254,"journal":{"name":"Neuropeptides","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139578964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}