Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Probiotic supplementation contributes to glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Dengrong Ma ,&nbsp;Pingping Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Hui Suo ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Mei Han ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zan ,&nbsp;Chongyang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lyu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Jingfang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic medical condition prevalent worldwide. Currently, probiotic therapy has demonstrated favorable outcomes in T2DM management, albeit with a lingering controversy. In this network meta-analysis (NMA), we aimed to assess and rank the glycemic control efficacy of various probiotic strains or combinations in T2DM patients. A systematic literature review was conducted across 4 major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) including data published up to November 8, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on probiotic therapy in T2DM patients. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the risk-of-bias tool version 2, while Bayesian NMA was used for analysis. The efficacy of different probiotics and their combinations was ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for various outcome indicators. This study included 1861 T2DM patients from 30 RCTs. The combination of LAC (<em>Lactobacillus</em>) + BIF (<em>Bifidobacterium</em>) + PRO (<em>Propionibacterium</em>) + STR (<em>Streptococcus</em>) exhibited the most favorable effect in reducing the fasting plasma glucose concentration and improving the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (SUCRA: 88.8% and 77.3%). For reducing the concentration of glycated hemoglobin A1c, BIF (SUCRA: 93.1%) was the most effective; for improving insulin secretion, LAC + BIF (SUCRA: 84.7%) exhibited the most favorable outcome for improving insulin secretion. Cluster analysis of the 4 outcome indicators showed that the LAC + BIF + STR combination may have superior therapeutic effects. Multistrain probiotic combinations demonstrated greater glycemic control effects than single-strain probiotics. Thus, LAC + BIF + STR may be a promising probiotic combination for the treatment of T2DM. Nevertheless, owing to the inherent limitations of existing studies, further research is warranted to ascertain the long-term efficacy of probiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"136 ","pages":"Pages 133-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention design and adherence to Mediterranean diet in the Cardiovascular Risk Prevention with a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat (CADIMED) randomized trial","authors":"Lourdes Chávez-Alfaro ,&nbsp;Carmen Tenorio Jiménez ,&nbsp;Víctor Silveira-Sanguino ,&nbsp;María José Noguera Gómez ,&nbsp;Concepción Fernández-Moreno ,&nbsp;Ana María Rodríguez Cuesta ,&nbsp;Antonio F. Lebrón Arana ,&nbsp;Óscar Segura Calvo ,&nbsp;Ignacio Merino De Haro ,&nbsp;Concepción M. Aguilera ,&nbsp;Carolina Gómez-Llorente ,&nbsp;Óscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta ,&nbsp;Nerys Astbury ,&nbsp;Aurora Pérez-Cornago ,&nbsp;Marta Guasch-Ferre ,&nbsp;Carmen Piernas","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective interventions targeting modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as diet, are urgently needed. The Cardiovascular Risk Prevention with a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat study hypothesizes that eliminating red and processed meat in the context of a Mediterranean diet (MD) will significantly modify circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and the fatty acid profile compared to general CVD prevention advice. Here we describe the intervention design and summarize baseline dietary intakes (mean ± standard deviation) related to MD adherence and red/processed meat intakes in a sample of 81 participants. The Cardiovascular Risk Prevention with a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat study is a two-arm, 8-week parallel randomized controlled intervention trial involving a final sample of 156 adults (≥18 years) with dyslipidemia (not undergoing pharmacological treatment) recruited from healthcare and community settings in Granada (Spain). The primary outcome will assess changes in circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the fatty acid profile, whilst secondary outcomes will measure changes in CVD-related metabolites/biomarkers, gut microbiome, diet/lifestyle, and intervention feasibility/acceptability. Preliminary findings indicate low MD adherence (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener score 7.6 ± 1.9), and high consumption of red and processed meat (1.04 ± 0.90) servings/d). These results underscore the need for targeted dietary interventions to address the growing burden of dyslipidemia and CVD. If successful, this intervention holds potential for scalability and significant impact on public health, dietary guidelines, and advancements in nutrition science by improving MD adherence and reducing CVD risk factors in adults with dyslipidemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"136 ","pages":"Pages 120-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish consumption is inversely associated with stroke in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013 to 2021","authors":"Eunje Kim,&nbsp;Youjin Je","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing evidence supporting a potential role of fish consumption in relation to stroke risk. Several studies have examined the association between fish consumption and stroke risk in various populations, but none have been conducted in Koreans. We hypothesized that there may also be an inverse association between fish consumption and stroke risk in Korean adults. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013 to 2021. A total of 30,143 adults aged 19 to 64 years were included in the analysis. Fish consumption was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall, and the subjects were categorized into four groups based on their total fish consumption (0, 0≤ to &lt;1/2, 1/2≤ to &lt;1, ≥1 serving/d). Stroke status was assessed using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physician-diagnosed stroke. After adjusting for covariates, high fish consumption was associated with 46% lower odds of stroke in Korean adults compared with no fish consumption (OR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.94, <em>P</em> for trend = .041). A similar inverse association was found in male adults (OR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.97, <em>P</em> for trend = .042), and an inverse association between moderate fish consumption and stroke risk was found in female adults (OR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.78). Our findings suggest that high fish consumption is associated with lower odds of stroke in Korean adults, particularly in men, and moderate fish consumption was associated with lower odds of stroke in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory control is related to fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in adults with overweight and obesity","authors":"Nathaniel B. Willis ,&nbsp;Corinne N. Cannavale ,&nbsp;Anne M. Walk ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Burd ,&nbsp;Hannah D. Holscher ,&nbsp;Naiman A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a pro-inflammatory condition with negative effects on executive functioning. Increased inflammation dysregulates gastrointestinal homeostasis and alters microbiota community composition. The gut microbiota produce immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that have been related to cognition in obesity, but the neural effects are not explored. Here, we hypothesized that greater fecal SCFA would be positively related to neuroelectric markers of inhibitory control and conflict monitoring in obesity. A cross-sectional cohort of 87 adults (35 ± 6 years, 53 females) with overweight and obesity (BMI = 32 ± 6 kg/m²) provided fresh fecal samples and participated in cognitive testing to assess response inhibition and conflict monitoring with electroencephalographic recording. Linear regressions, controlling for age, sex, BMI, and energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake, revealed positive relationships between NoGo N2 mean amplitude and fecal SCFA concentrations. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed 16 amplicon sequence variants differentially abundant between high and low butyrate groups with <em>Roseburia</em> and <em>Adlercreutzia</em> individually related to NoGo N2 mean amplitude in MaAsLin2 modeling. Thus, greater fecal SCFA concentrations and SCFA producing microbiota (i.e., <em>Roseburia</em>) were related to markers of superior conflict monitoring in the NoGo task when adjusting for key covariates. These data highlight key associations between bacterial derived gut signaling molecules and neural regulation in cognitive domains particularly relevant to weight status that warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"138 ","pages":"Pages 12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher serum vitamin B6 is associated with lower all-cause mortality among cancer survivors in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Yutong Zhao,&nbsp;Ruhua Zhou,&nbsp;Fangting Lin,&nbsp;Caixia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variations in serum concentrations of vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, and folate may influence cancer development and progression. However, the association between these 3 serum B vitamins and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors remains unclear. We evaluated the potential associations between serum vitamins B₆, B₁₂, and folate and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors. Our hypothesis proposed that higher serum concentrations of vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, and folate might be inversely associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in this population. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 were used. All-cause mortality was determined by linking participant data to National Death Index records till 31 December 2019. Serum vitamins B₆, B₁₂, and folate status were measured. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between serum vitamins B₆, B₁₂, and folate concentrations and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors. Serum vitamin B₆ was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, with a fully-adjusted HR of 0.54 (95%CI: 0.38, 0.78, <em>P</em> _trend&lt; .001). However, no statistically significant association was observed between serum vitamin B₁₂ as well as serum folate concentration and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors (B₁₂: fully-adjust HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.63, 1.27, <em>P</em> _trend = .771; folate: fully-adjust HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.63, 1.08, <em>P</em> _trend = .269). No statistically significant interaction for age, sex, and BMI was found in stratified analyses. No non-linear relationship was found except for serum folate. These results suggest that higher serum vitamin B₆ may be associated with improved survival in cancer survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"138 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of calorie restriction with and without time-restricted eating on the circadian regulation of metabolism: rationale and protocol of a three-arm randomised controlled trial in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes","authors":"You Jin Chang ,&nbsp;Laurent Turner ,&nbsp;Xiao Tong Teong ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhao ,&nbsp;Athena Variji ,&nbsp;Gary A. Wittert ,&nbsp;Sophia Thompkins ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Vincent ,&nbsp;Linda Grosser ,&nbsp;Morag J. Young ,&nbsp;Stephen Blake ,&nbsp;Satchidananda Panda ,&nbsp;Emily N.C. Manoogian ,&nbsp;Siobhan Banks ,&nbsp;Leonie K. Heilbronn ,&nbsp;Amy T. Hutchison","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-restricted eating (TRE) may extend the cardiometabolic health benefits of calorie restriction (CR). However, few studies have compared its effect on the circadian regulation of glucose metabolism and the optimal time of day to initiate TRE is also unclear. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of CR with and without TRE on glucose tolerance in response to 3 identical meals consumed over the day. A parallel, single-blinded, 3-arm randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 114 adults, aged 35 to 75 years with a BMI ≥25.1 but &lt;45.0 kg/m², elevated waist circumference and fasting blood glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L), and who score ≥12 on the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment tool. Participants will be stratified by sex and fasting blood glucose (≤6.0 mmol/L; &gt;6.0 mmol/L) and then randomised (1:1:1) to CR (unrestricted meal timing), eCR (0800 to 1600) or dCR (1200-2000) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the natural logarithm of the mean over 3 identical meals of the postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC). The analysis will be performed using a covariate adjusted linear regression of the differences in postprandial glucose log AUC at 8 weeks from baseline. This randomised clinical trial will be the first to delineate the benefits of CR alone or in combination with time restricted eating on postprandial glucose metabolism over the day in adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"138 ","pages":"Pages 33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketone therapy improves cardiac function and structure in rodents with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Tingting Lv ,&nbsp;Chunyan Liu ,&nbsp;Mengfei Ye ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the effects of ketone intervention on cardiac function and structure in rodents with heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that ketone intervention could enhance the cardiac function and structure in HF. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for relevant studies up to April 13, 2024. Ketone therapy encompassed a ketogenic diet, ketone esters, medium-chain triglycerides, and β-hydroxybutyrate. The effect measures are mainly expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Our meta-analysis included 24 animal studies. Ketone therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (SMD: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.79-1.82, <em>I</em>² = 77%), cardiac output (SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.28-1.11, <em>I</em>² = 0%), and ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy (SMD: −1.95, 95% CI: −2.76 to −1.13, <em>I</em>² = 76%), myocardial fibrosis (SMD: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.60 to −0.15, <em>I</em>² = 68%), and ventricular remodeling in HF rodents. Subgroup analysis indicated that ketone intervention worsened myocardial fibrosis in non-HF rodents (SMD: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.09-1.63, <em>I</em>² = 78%) and had no significant effect on cardiac function. Additionally, further subgroup analysis indicated that ketogenic diet significantly alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, whereas ketone esters did not yield significant effects. The effect of ketone on left ventricular ejection fraction strengthened with the duration of intervention. Our results suggested that ketone therapy significantly improved the cardiac systolic function and structure in rodents with HF, and had no effect in rodents non-HF. Thus, ketone intervention may be a promising treatment for HF patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 56-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake and plasma isoflavones are inversely associated with inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sihan Song ,&nbsp;Zisun Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Jo Youn ,&nbsp;Jihyoung Cho ,&nbsp;Yoo Seok Kim ,&nbsp;Jun Won Min ,&nbsp;Sang-Woon Choi ,&nbsp;Adrian A. Franke ,&nbsp;Shinyoung Jun ,&nbsp;Hyojee Joung ,&nbsp;Jung Eun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of isoflavones in breast cancer, particularly their relationship with inflammatory markers, remains underexplored. We hypothesized that higher intakes of soy and isoflavones are inversely associated with inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors. This cross-sectional study included 432 breast cancer survivors (mean age: 52 years). We assessed dietary soy and isoflavone intake and measured plasma concentrations of isoflavones, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted least squares means (LSmeans) and odds ratios (ORs) for individual or combined (if associated with soy intake) inflammatory markers. Participants with higher soy and isoflavone intakes had lower hsCRP and IL-6 concentrations and higher adiponectin concentrations. The LSmeans (95% confidence intervals, CIs) of the lowest and highest quintiles of soy food intake were 0.71 (0.49, 0.96) and 0.52 (0.33, 0.73) for hsCRP (mg/L), and 0.42 (-0.08, 0.91) and -0.02 (-0.50, 0.46) for the combined scores of hsCRP and adiponectin. The OR (95% CI) comparing extreme quintiles of isoflavone intake was 0.43 (0.20, 0.94) for elevated hsCRP. When plasma isoflavone concentrations were examined in relation to the combined scores of hsCRP and IL-6, the OR (95% CI) comparing the extreme quintiles was 0.32 (0.12, 0.91). Our results suggest that dietary soy and isoflavone intake, as well as plasma isoflavone concentrations, are inversely associated with inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors. These findings highlight the need for further research to better understand their clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"138 ","pages":"Pages 22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet was associated with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","authors":"Sadra Momeni ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Pashaei","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has long been recommended for the management of hypertension, while it may provide other metabolic benefits. This study aimed to analyze the association between the DASH diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We hypothesized that the adherence to DASH diet is inversely associated with NAFLD risk. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant publications up to September 2024. We included observational studies evaluating the association between the DASH diet score and the risk of NAFLD. Pooling effect sizes was conducted using a random effects model to determine the odd ratio (OR) of incident NAFLD associated with the DASH diet. Eight studies with a total of 120937 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR for NAFLD in the highest score of the DASH diet vs. lowest score was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.86, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), indicating a significant inverse association between the DASH diet and NAFLD risk. The result was stable to sensitivity analysis. A significant heterogeneity was observed between studies (I²=62.7%, <em>P</em> = .009). Overall, this meta-analysis showed that individuals with the highest score of the DASH diet were 22% less likely to have NAFLD in comparison to those with the lowest score of the DASH diet, independent of body mass index. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the protective effect of the DASH diet on NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prebiotics on growth metrics in infants: A GRADE approach systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Seyedeh-Tarlan Mirzohreh ,&nbsp;Asma Sohrabnavi ,&nbsp;Padideh Panahi ,&nbsp;Zeinab Nikniaz ,&nbsp;Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ,&nbsp;Sevana Daneghian ,&nbsp;Leila Nikniaz","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breastfeeding is often not feasible for all mothers, making infant formula a critical alternative for ensuring infant safety and nutrition. We hypothesized that the inclusion of prebiotics in infant formula significantly affects growth metrics in infants compared to standard formula. This study aims to fill a knowledge gap regarding the effects of prebiotics in infant formula on infant growth and development, particularly given the varying compositions and durations of prebiotic supplementation. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 24 studies sourced from databases such as PubMed and Cochrane, with risk of bias assessed using RoB-2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The findings revealed no significant differences in weight gain (WG), height gain (HG), or head circumference gain (HCG) between prebiotic-fed infants and control groups overall. However, infants receiving prebiotics for 3 or more months exhibited a significant decrease in WG compared to controls (SMD -0.479, <em>P</em> &lt; .05). Notably, those fed formulas containing fructo-oligosaccharides/galacto-oligosaccharides and a combination of polydextrose/galacto-oligosaccharides/lactulose demonstrated improved WG (SMDs of 0.214 and 0.184, <em>P</em> &lt; .05 respectively). Conversely, infants on formulas with inulin-enriched oligo-fructose (IOF) experienced reduced WG and HG. In conclusion, while prebiotics did not consistently enhance growth metrics, specific combinations showed potential benefits, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in infant formula design to optimize growth without compromising health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 22-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}