Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness and Experience of Implementing Digital Interventions to Promote Smoking Cessation Among Adults With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Lisa Huddlestone, Emily Shoesmith, Jodi Pervin, Rosie Stevens, Simon Gilbody, Elena Ratschen","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae237","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Digital technology is increasingly used to support interventions targeting smoking cessation in people with severe mental illness (SMI). However, little is known about their implementation and effectiveness in this population. We aimed to determine the effectiveness, stakeholder experiences, factors influencing implementation, and quality of reporting of digital interventions for smoking cessation in adults living with SMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five online bibliographic databases were searched for articles published between December 31, 2000 and January 31, 2023. Studies involving adults accessing treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and terminal illnesses were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A Mantel-Haenszel random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Participant experience and intervention implementation were explored using a narrative synthesis. Quality of reporting of interventions was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one studies enrolling 3794 participants were included. Meta-analysis of biochemically verified abstinence at longest follow-up (month 1 to month 6) did not find an overall effect in favour of intervention (risk ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = -0.005 to 1.37). Interventions tailored to people with SMI were perceived as acceptable. Implementation strategies concentrated on overcoming practical challenges at the participant/user level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No evidence of the effectiveness of digital interventions to support smoking cessation in people with SMI was found. The importance of tailoring interventions to the needs of people with SMI is highlighted. Robust reporting of implementation is required to enhance future efforts to support smoking cessation in adults with SMI.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The findings of this review add to the emerging evidence on digital interventions to support smoking cessation among people with SMI. We highlight the importance of tailoring interventions to the population, particularly considering the role of mental illness and the side effects of psychotropic medication in the accessibility and usability of digital interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"951-961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Residential Segregation and Cigarette Smoking Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults.","authors":"Shyanika W Rose, Mary Kay Rayens, Mona Azadi, Elexis C Kierstead, Amanda Y Kong, Kimberly Horn","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae277","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Predominantly Black, Hispanic or Latino, and lower-income communities are overexposed to tobacco. This study investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and racial/ethnic and economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE).</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>A nationally representative sample of 4091 (aged 18-34 years) was surveyed between September and October 2016. We calculated census-tract population estimates to form ICE measures for ethnicity, race, income, ethnicity and income, and race and income. Quintiles were determined, with Quintile 1 (Q1) representing the most Hispanic/Latino, Black, and lowest-income neighborhoods and Q5 representing the most non-Hispanic/Latino, White, and highest-income neighborhoods. State fixed effects logistic regression models, weighted for national representativeness, assessed the relationship between ICE measures and past 30-day cigarette use, controlling for individual smoking correlates (eg, income, race/ethnicity, tobacco use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For racial/ethnic segregation alone, individuals in neighborhoods with the highest proportions of Hispanic/Latino versus non-Hispanic/Latino (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4 range 1.47-1.79) and Black versus White residents had higher smoking risk (Q5 vs. Q1 [1.41] and Q2 [1.40]). For economic segregation, individuals in Q2 and Q3 neighborhoods had higher smoking risk than those in Q5 (Q5 vs. Q2 [1.60] and Q3 [1.73]), but smoking risk did not differ between Q1 and Q5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this sample, living in areas with the most Hispanic/Latino and Black residents was associated with the highest smoking risk, while living in areas with highest-income residents was associated with lowest smoking risk, even controlling for individual factors. Understanding the impact of ethnic, racial, and economic segregation on smoking behaviors informs targeted interventions to reduce tobacco overexposure.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study's findings highlight the association between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and cigarette smoking. Racial and ethnic segregation is associated with higher smoking rates. The combined influence of racial, ethnic, and economic factors adds intricacy to the association between segregation and the risk of smoking. This research is significant as it provides valuable insights for designing focused interventions aimed at mitigating tobacco overexposure in predominantly Black, Hispanic/Latino, and low-income neighborhoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1016-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"What can I do? fight him?\" Perceptions and Experiences in Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study Among Israeli Women.","authors":"Maya Rodnay, Nisreen Agbaria, Yehuda Neumark, Anne-Laure Yehudit Guri-Scherman, Yael Bar Zeev","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae291","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is associated with negative health outcomes. We aimed to explore Israeli pregnant women's perspectives on SHS exposure, with a focus on barriers and enablers to reducing SHS exposure at home and in the car.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews with 68 women-54 Jewish and 14 Arab. Inclusion criteria: pregnant or up to 12 months post-partum; living with a person who smokes; age 18-45; Hebrew or Arabic speakers. Participants could be from any smoking status. Interviews were analyzed according to a reflective and collaborative thematic approach supported by the Capability (C) Opportunity (O) Motivation (M)-Behavior model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants knew SHS is harmful, but a lack of specific knowledge (C) was evident across all smoking status groups and population groups (Jewish, Arab). Women harbored misconceptions regarding their SHS exposure (C), employing ineffective strategies to eliminate exposure. Many perceived smoking as a significant source of tension in their relationship with their partners (M). Women described feeling uncomfortable asking people to not smoke around them (O) and bemoaned the lack of support from health professionals (O). Women who never smoked or formerly smoked described situations where they felt trapped and helpless. Specifically, Arab participants reported social isolation (O). The living environment (eg, building with no elevator) was a commonly mentioned barrier to reduce home SHS exposure (O).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite high motivation, the low level of knowledge and negotiation skills, misconceptions about exposure and effective strategies, together with insufficient support lead to behaviors resulting in high SHS exposure.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This research explored women's experiences of SHS exposure during pregnancy, and barriers and enablers to reducing prenatal SHS exposure. Interventions need to empower pregnant women to feel confident in asking people not to smoke around them, focus on acquiring negotiation skills, raise awareness of actual exposure, and increase self-efficacy to use effective SHS reduction strategies. Interventions should be inclusive of all family members who smoke. These findings will inform the development of a digital intervention. Digital interventions have the potential for high reach among socially disadvantaged populations while allowing the tailoring of individualized messaging to the pregnant woman and her partner.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"962-969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHRNA5-A3-B4, CYP2A6, and DBH Genetic Associations With Smoking Cessation Throughout Adulthood Within Two Longitudinal Studies of Women.","authors":"Stephanie K Jones, Anthony J Alberg, Kristin Wallace, Brett Froeliger, Matthew J Carpenter, Bethany J Wolf","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae284","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited by short-term follow-up or cross-sectional design. Within seven genes (CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNB2, CHRNB4, DRD2, DBH, and CYP2A6) influencing biological mechanisms relevant to smoking, this study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with smoking cessation throughout up to 38 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Participants were from two all-female cohort studies, Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (n = 10 017) and NHS-2 (n = 2793). For 132 SNPs providing coverage of these genes, genotype associations with the probability of quitting smoking over time were evaluated using generalized estimating equations models. For SNPs reaching nominal statistical significance (p < .05) within NHS, NHS-2 was used as the replication cohort to control for multiple testing (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). SNP genotype by smoking intensity (lifetime light vs. non-light smoking) interactions were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five SNPs identified in NHS were replicated in NHS-2 with FDR < 0.05. Women with the minor alleles of CHRNA5 SNPs rs637137 (odd ratio [OR] = 1.21) and rs503464 (OR = 1.24) had increased odds of cessation. Women with the minor alleles of CYP2A6 SNPs rs56113850 (OR = 0.81) and rs56267346 (OR = 0.82) and DBH SNP rs6479643 (OR = 0.78) had lower odds of cessation throughout adulthood. An interaction with smoking intensity was indicated for three SNPs, CHRNB4 rs4887074, CHRNA3 SNP rs77438700, and CHRNA5 SNP rs76474922.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic associations with smoking cessation over decades of follow-up were observed and may guide targeted approaches for smokers most at risk for long-term relapse.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms within CHRNA5-A3-B4, CYP2A6, and DBH that were associated with smoking cessation in women over decades of follow-up. This study is the first to examine these genetic associations over years of follow-up. Some associations were novel while others replicated previous findings from short-term studies for the first time. Potential differences in some associations between light and non-light smokers were also observed. Genetic factors associated with long-term smoking behavior may help inform interventions modeled on long-term chronic disease management approaches; specifically, targeted maintenance interventions to sustain abstinence could be implemented among high-risk smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"970-979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering Relative Rurality in Tobacco Regulatory Science.","authors":"Mary Kay Rayens, Ann E Kingsolver, W Jay Christian, Ellen J Hahn, Teresa M Waters, Shyanika W Rose, Mikhail N Koffarnus, Seth Himelhoch","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae303","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1147-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Analysis of Patterns of Weight Change in a Post-Cessation Weight Management Trial.","authors":"Mackenzi Oswald, Arin Shahbazian, Kathryn M Ross, Wen You, Rebecca A Krukowski","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous research investigating trajectories of weight change after quitting smoking has been limited due infrequent weight measurements; newer e-scales data facilitate more frequent weight measurement. We explored rate of weight gain and when weight change stabilized via secondary data analyses from the post-cessation weight management-focused \"Fit & Quit\" trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After completion of one of three randomized weight intervention conditions, all participants located in the United States completed a behavioral smoking cessation intervention with varenicline pharmacotherapy in 2018-2022. Participants were asked to weigh daily on study-provided e-scales throughout the 12-month study. Mixed-effects models were performed to characterize weight change over time and to test whether the intervention condition or gender impacted the temporal rate of weight change (n=132).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rate of weight change in the first month after quitting smoking was most rapid, at +0.0111 kg/day. To identify when weight stabilized, we use a fifth-degree polynomial model and found that participants began gaining weight immediately after quitting, with the rate of gain peaking around the 21st day. Weight gain continued at a lower, but still statistically significant, rate until approximately 70 days after cessation, after which the weight began to plateau. All intervention condition groups had similar rates of weight gain, with no gender differences in the rate of weight gain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The first month after quitting smoking was a particularly vulnerable time period for weight gain. Future programs combining weight management and smoking cessation should emphasize maintenance of weight management strategies within the first month after quitting smoking.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Future post-cessation weight management programs should priorize maintenance of weight management strategies within the first month after quitting smoking, regardless of the type of weight management strategy or the gender of the participants. Studies examining post-cessation weight gain should ensure measurement of weight gain for at least 2-3 months after quitting smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Changes in Non-Cigarette Tobacco Product Availability following California's Statewide Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction - A Synthetic Control Method using Retail Scanner Data.","authors":"Doris G Gammon, Morgan A Whitney, James Nonnemaker, Lisa Henriksen, Nina C Schleicher, Elizabeth Andersen-Rodgers, Rafael Colonna, Todd Rogers","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>California's statewide law restricting most flavored tobacco product sales could reduce youth tobacco use if policy-restricted flavored tobacco products were to be fully removed from the marketplace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used NielsenIQ retail scanner data to analyze changes in non-cigarette product availability among tracked brick-and-mortar California retailers from pre- to post-intervention (i.e., the law's effective date, 12/21/2022). We assessed availability changes in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and nicotine pouches by flavor category: explicit (e.g., cherry), concept (e.g., fusion), or unflavored (e.g., labeled as \"tobacco\" or no flavor label). We employed a synthetic control method to create trends for a synthetic California that did not experience the law and compared these to actual California trends. We compared the ratio of the root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) in the pre and post periods between the main and placebo models. A larger value for the main compared to placebo models suggests an effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Availability of ENDS, cigars, SLT, and nicotine pouches with explicit flavor names decreased more in California than in synthetic California from pre- to post-intervention; the post/pre RMSPE ratio was highest in California compared to each placebo model; the ratio for unflavored and concept flavor name categories in California was not consistently different from synthetic California.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Availability decreased among non-cigarette tobacco products with explicit flavor names, but hundreds of policy-restricted products remained available for sale during the first six months of California's law, suggesting stronger enforcement and compliance opportunities.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>California's statewide flavored tobacco sales restriction resulted in a significant decrease in the availability of non-cigarette tobacco products with explicit flavor names in traditional retail stores (e.g., convenience, grocery), suggesting continued access to flavored tobacco products though with fewer options. Continued availability of flavored tobacco can limit the intended public health benefits of California's flavored tobacco sales restriction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Children and Young People in England on the Smokefree Generation Policy: A Focus Group Study.","authors":"Nathan P Davies, Rachael L Murray, Tessa Langley, Joanne R Morling, Manpreet Bains","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae300","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modeling shows smokefree generation (SFG) policies could effectively reduce smoking rates by banning tobacco sales to those born after a specific year. Little is known about how young people perceive the legitimacy and impact of the planned SFG policy in England.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted seven semi-structured focus groups with 36 participants aged 12-21 (mean = 15) in England over video call and in person. Twenty-one participants were female and 15 male. Participants were purposively sampled to include those from areas of greater deprivation and for use of tobacco or e-cigarettes. Data was analyzed using the framework approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants expressed broadly negative perceptions toward tobacco and its manufacturers. Most participants supported SFG policy goals and its focus on freedom from addiction and harm; some believed it should also encompass electronic cigarettes. Many believed the law would only be successful if it included stringent enforcement, accompanying tobacco licensing, and input from young people. A minority raised concerns about the loss of freedom to purchase tobacco.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Communication of the freedom-giving nature of SFG is likely to resonate with many young people. Enforcement, communication, and involvement of young people in SFG should be considered carefully to maximize policy impact.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The smokefree generation (SFG) policy's potential to offer freedom from addiction and disease can resonate with young people. Its effectiveness could be maximized through targeted enforcement in areas with high youth smoking rates and low adherence to age-of-sale laws, and through the introduction of additional policies that offer restrictive licensing of tobacco retailers. A phased approach to SFG, initially covering tobacco and later incorporating e-cigarettes as smoking prevalence declines, could balance reducing youth vaping and harm reduction; future research could investigate optimal policy conditions for this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1066-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Examination of US and Israeli Adults' Perceptions of IQOS Advertising Messages: Modified Exposure and Risk Statements, US FDA Endorsement, and Health Warnings.","authors":"Carla J Berg, Hagai Levine, Cassidy R LoParco, Yuxian Cui, Amal Khayat, Zongshuan Duan, Lorien C Abroms, Yan Wang, Yael Bar-Zeev","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae266","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>IQOS, a leading heated tobacco product, is advertised as less harmful than cigarettes and received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for \"reduced exposure\" advertising claims. Perceptions of advertising messages, including reduced exposure/risk\" claims, FDA endorsements, and health warning labels (HWLs), are understudied.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Qualitative interviews (N = 84) from US and Israeli adults (2022) examined perceptions of advertising messages, specifically: 1) scientific claims that switching completely from cigarettes to IQOS reduces 1a) chemical exposure and 1b) tobacco-related disease risk; 2) FDA endorsement of IQOS as a 2a) better choice for adult smokers and 2b) fundamentally different product (heat-not-burn); and 3) promoting IQOS as cigarette alternatives with a HWL pertaining to cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For half of the participants, referencing scientific studies or the FDA enhanced credibility; some believed this implied unbiased, rigorous research. Half were skeptical due to lack of research-related details. Half interpreted message 1 (switching) to mean any substitution could be beneficial; half interpreted it as complete substitution was necessary. Most did not perceive differences between message 1a (reduced exposure) versus 1b (reduced risk). Some believed message 2a (FDA endorsement, not targeting youth) demonstrated IQOS' social responsibility. Some interpreted message 2b (fundamentally different product) as risk reduction; others perceived no difference. The majority paraphrased messages using the terms \"safer,\" \"healthier,\" or \"less harmful.\" For message 3 (a safer alternative), some did not think the HWL applied to IQOS; some believed it promoted IQOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regulators and researchers must monitor harm-reduction advertising messaging and take actions to prevent consumer misinterpretations.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Philip Morris International's IQOS received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for \"reduced exposure\" advertising claims, which are often misinterpreted, and has exploited FDA authorization to promote IQOS globally. This qualitative study showed that most participants perceived no difference between reduced risk versus exposure messages in IQOS ads, half believed that references to scientific studies or FDA enhanced credibility, some believed certain messages demonstrated IQOS' social responsibility, and some perceived warnings in IQOS ads to promote IQOS. Product ads using harm reduction messages must be monitored to inform efforts to prevent potentially harmful misinterpretations and mitigate negative population-level impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics Associated With Ice Flavor Use Among Middle and High School Students Currently Using E-cigarettes: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2023.","authors":"Eunice Park-Lee, Hannah Cowan, Mo'Nique Gaines-Harris, Maria R Cooper, Michael D Sawdey, Karen A Cullen","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae216","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine ice flavor use and its correlates among middle and high school students who currently (any past 30 days) used e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) assessed for the first time the use of e-cigarette flavors that included the word \"ice\" or \"iced\" in the name. Using logistic regression, data from the 2023 NYTS were used to examine differences in sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use behaviors by ice flavor use among students who currently used e-cigarettes (n = 1,565).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among middle and high school students who currently used e-cigarettes, an estimated 1.1 million or 57.9% reported ice flavor use. Youth who currently used e-cigarettes were more likely to use ice flavors if they used e-cigarettes on ≥20 of the past 30 days compared to 1-5 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 3.94); used fruit (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.80), candy (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.54 to 4.82), or mint flavors (aOR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.98 to 6.65) compared to those who did not use the respective flavor type; reported any nicotine dependence compared to those who did not (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.80); or had mild/moderate (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.01 to 3.83) or severe psychological distress (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.25 to 4.62) compared to those without psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study found that ice-flavored e-cigarette use among youth was associated with the use of e-cigarettes for ≥20 days, the use of fruit, candy, or mint flavors, any symptoms of nicotine dependence, and psychological distress (mild/moderate, severe). The emergence of novel flavor categories and features of e-cigarettes warrant continued surveillance to provide an understanding of associated use patterns, especially among youth.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study examined ice flavor use and its correlates among middle and high school students who currently use e-cigarettes. Ice-flavored e-cigarette use among youth was positively associated with frequent e-cigarette use, use of fruit, candy, or mint flavors, and any symptoms of nicotine dependence. Additionally, the likelihood of ice-flavored e-cigarette use was associated with the severity of psychological distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1137-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}