Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Addressing tobacco screening and treatment among racially and ethnically minoritized parents in pediatric clinics: barriers and facilitators.","authors":"April K Wilhelm, Karen Bauer, Michele L Allen, Steven S Fu, Junia N de Brito, Rebekah J Pratt","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure remains a significant health issue for racially and ethnically minoritized children in the United States. Delivering parental tobacco treatment during pediatric primary care visits can reduce children's SHS exposure. This study examined current tobacco screening practices and health system stakeholder perceptions of facilitators and barriers to addressing tobacco use during pediatric visits among racially and ethnically minoritized parents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with clinicians, staff, and health system leaders from 5 pediatric primary care clinics in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. The study was informed by the Health Equity Implementation Framework. Interviews were analyzed using both directed content and thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants identified multilevel facilitators and barriers to addressing parental tobacco use in minoritized families. Within the clinical encounter, barriers included linguistic and cultural barriers, health system navigational challenges, medical mistrust, low levels of clinician and staff knowledge, skills, and confidence, time constraints, and lack of alignment with external metrics. Facilitators centered on leveraging interpreters' cultural knowledge and the presence of culturally-congruent clinicians and staff to reduce medical mistrust and stigma, developing linguistically and culturally relevant resources, and integrating prompts and resources into the electronic health record. Participants described how lessons from previous system change mechanisms would facilitate this work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing health system, training and resources, and linguistic and cultural barriers among clinicians and staff is essential to strengthen their capacity to address household SHS exposure among racially and ethnically minoritized populations as a component of pediatric preventive care.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Clinicians and health system staff perceive unique barriers to identifying and addressing parental tobacco use among racially and ethnically minoritized parents during pediatric primary care visits. Solutions to expand tobacco treatment access to minoritized parents in pediatric settings must attend to clinician training needs on tobacco treatment, embedding clinical encounter resources and reminders that match the linguistic and cultural needs and preferences of their patient populations, and increasing access to high quality interpreting services and culturally-congruent staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cigarette-E-Cigarette Transitions With Respiratory Symptom Resolution.","authors":"Jonathan B Berlowitz, Wubin Xie, Alyssa F Harlow, Hasmeena Kathuria, Emelia J Benjamin, Andrew C Stokes","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adults increasingly use e-cigarettes for cigarette cessation because of the perceived reduced risk. While e-cigarette use is associated with reduced toxicant exposure compared with smoking, it is unclear whether transitioning from cigarettes to e-cigarettes is associated with resolution of respiratory symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study waves 1-5. US adult participants were separated into observations with cigarette-e-cigarette exposure intervals determined from PATH waves 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4. Observations were included if the participant reported exclusively smoking at baseline and reported a baseline cough or wheeze. Mixed-effect Poisson models measured the association between cigarette-e-cigarette transitions over the two-wave exposure interval (from smoking to nonuse, exclusive e-cigarette use, continued smoking, or dual use) and the reported resolution of the participant's cough or wheeze.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5210 (3362 unique) observations, transitioning from cigarettes to e-cigarettes was associated with increased rates of wheeze resolution (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.75) but not cough resolution (IRR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.50) compared with persistent smoking. Cigarette to dual-use transitions were not associated with improvements in symptom resolution, and those who switched to dual use and maintained or increased their smoking intensity had 15% decreased rates of respiratory symptom resolution compared with persistent smoking.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>E-cigarette-assisted smoking cessation may increase rates of respiratory symptoms resolution among smokers who completely transition to e-cigarettes; however, there is risk for additional harm among those who initiate e-cigarette use without decreasing their smoking intensity.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Government agencies are increasingly weighing the risks and benefits of e-cigarette-assisted cigarette cessation given the reduced harm associated with e-cigarette use. This study provides novel evidence that completely transitioning from cigarettes to e-cigarettes is associated with increased rates of resolution from self-reported wheeze symptoms. However, risk exists in e-cigarette-assisted cigarette cessation, as those who transitioned from exclusive cigarette smoking to dual use and did not reduce their cigarette smoking intensity had decreased rates of respiratory symptom resolution compared with persistent smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Analysis and Flavour Distribution of Electronic Cigarettes in Australian Schools.","authors":"Caitlin Jenkins, Fraser Powrie, Celine Kelso, Jody Morgan","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescent usage of electronic cigarettes has increased globally. Inconsistent, or absent, labelling of nicotine and other ingredients requires chemical analysis to accurately determine the chemical composition of these products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic cigarettes confiscated from public and private high school students (N=598) were provided for analysis from three regions in New South Wales, Australia. The products were examined for brand, model and flavour and a subset were further analysed for chemical composition (n=410) quantifying nicotine, synthetic cooling agents, flavouring chemicals and prohibited ingredients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of samples provided were fruity-flavoured disposable e-cigarettes across three main brands (IGET, HQD and Gunnpod). Nicotine was quantified in 97.3% of disposable samples with an average concentration of 40.0 mg/mL while one refill e-liquid was found to contain nicotine at a low concentration. Almost all samples contained the coolant WS-23 in relatively high concentrations compared to other flavouring chemicals present. Chemicals prohibited under the TGO110 (Australian e-cigarette product standard) were identified in 3.4% of the samples which were chemically analysed. This included the presence of ethylene glycol in moderately high concentrations (up to 13.2 mg/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Australian students' preferences for fruity, disposable e-cigarettes were identified regardless of region with the vast majority containing high concentrations of nicotine. WS-23 was found in most disposable e-cigarettes, potentially to reduce the throat irritation from nicotine and other flavouring chemicals. The inhalational safety of the samples is of concern due to health risks associated with detected prohibited compounds, particularly ethylene glycol.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This is the first study to quantify nicotine, coolants and flavouring chemicals in ecigarette products seized from Australian high school students and has significant implications for future policy development. Students appear to be almost exclusively using disposable ecigarettes with high nicotine concentrations and predominately fruity flavours. WS-23 may potentially be added to disposable e-cigarettes to facilitate the uptake of these products by adolescents unaccustomed to the throat irritation from nicotine and intense flavours. The ecigarette coils were found to have degraded over time, potentially affecting the composition of the aerosol and leaching of metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban.","authors":"Benjamin W Chaffee, Candice D Donaldson, Elizabeth T Couch, Claudia Guerra Castillo, Omara Farooq, Nancy F Cheng, Niloufar Ameli, Monica L Wilkinson, Stuart A Gansky, Xueying Zhang, Kristin S Hoeft","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In December 2022, a California law banned the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products (including e-cigarettes). This investigation evaluates adolescents' use of flavored tobacco before and after enactment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project included online surveys of California adolescents (age 12-17) in 2022 (N=5127) and 2023 (N=5015) that assessed past 30-day use of various tobacco products, flavored product use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes. Eight focus groups conducted in 2023 and 2024 (total N=35) queried flavored tobacco experiences and perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants who used specific products, the prevalence of flavored product use declined for cigarettes (2022: 72.0%; 2023: 57.2%), cigars (2022: 87.2%; 2023: 67.4%), and smokeless tobacco (2022: 93.1%; 2023: 83.1%) but not for e-cigarettes (2022: 91.0%; 2023: 90.7%) or hookah (2022: 88.1%; 2023: 85.6%; the flavor law exempted some hookah sales). In 2023, 10.2% of all participants used any flavored tobacco product (2022: 10.0%), primarily flavored e-cigarettes (2022: 8.6%; 2023: 8.8%). In 2023, 22.0% of all participants were aware of the statewide flavor ban, including 44.1% of participants who reported tobacco use. Few focus group participants were aware of the statewide law or perceived difficulties accessing flavored e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shortly following a statewide flavor ban, adolescent use of flavored cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco declined, but flavored e-cigarette use was unchanged. More time for implementation and enforcement may be needed to see full policy impact.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>These finds suggest that a statewide flavored tobacco policy in California was followed shortly by declines in adolescent use of some flavored tobacco products. Additional time for implementation and enforcement, along with potential further actions, such as greater restrictions on online sales, could be necessary to curb youth access to flavored e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misperceptions about the effectiveness of cutting down and low-rate daily smoking for reducing the risk of tobacco-caused harm.","authors":"Emily Brennan, Tegan Nuss, Ashleigh Haynes, Michelle Scollo, Wendy R Winnall, Melanie Wakefield, Sarah Durkin","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reducing the amount smoked per day, or smoking at a low rate, confers limited protection from smoking harms. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of misperceptions about cutting down and low-rate smoking among Australian adults who smoke.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional online survey in April/May 2022 (N=2,740). Participants were asked whether they agreed (misperception) or disagreed that \"Reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day is an effective way to reduce the risk of experiencing the health harms of smoking\". They were also asked whether the statement \"Smoking 1 cigarette per day is about 1/20th as dangerous as smoking a pack of 20 cigarettes per day\" sounded about right (misperception) or if it was less dangerous (misperception) or more dangerous than that.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The misperception that reducing the number of cigarettes smoked is an effective way to reduce risk was held by 72.0% of people who smoke overall, but was more common among those who smoked <5 cigarettes daily (76.3%; Adj PR=1.11 [95% CI 1.01-1.21]) or only occasionally (79.7%; Adj PR=1.14 [1.06-1.23]) compared with those who smoked 5+ cigarettes daily (66.7%). Over two-thirds (67.9%) underestimated the dangers of smoking 1 cigarette per day, and this misperception was also more common among low-rate smokers (77.6%, Adj PR=1.14 [95% CI 1.04-1.26]) compared to those who smoked 5+ cigarettes daily (63.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Misperceptions about the value of cutting down and low-rate smoking for reducing the risk of tobacco-caused harm are pervasive, especially among those who currently smoke at a low-rate or only occasionally.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Recent epidemiological evidence confirms that the risks of harm associated with low-rate smoking and cutting down are much higher than would be expected if the relationship between consumption and harm was linear. Findings from this study indicate that misperceptions about the benefits conferred by these smoking patterns are pervasive among people who smoke, particularly among those who currently smoke at a low rate. Corrective education that explains the mechanisms for the increased risk posed by these behaviours could be delivered via package health warnings and/or public health campaigns and may provide low-rate and occasional smokers with additional reasons to quit.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Context of the Emergency Department as a Location for a Smoking Cessation Intervention-Process Evaluation Findings From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department Trial.","authors":"Caitlin Notley, Pippa Belderson, Emma Ward, Lucy V Clark, Allan Clark, Susan Stirling, Steve Parrott, Jinshuo Li, Timothy J Coats, Linda Bauld, Richard Holland, Sarah Gentry, Sanjay Agrawal, Benjamin M Bloom, Adrian Boyle, Alasdair Gray, M Geraint Morris, Ian Pope","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hospital emergency departments (ED) offer an opportunity to engage with large numbers of people who smoke to prompt cessation, although the acceptability of opportunistic intervention in this context has been questioned. This process evaluation study was embedded into the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED) randomized controlled trial and sought to explore the context of intervention delivery within the ED.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and staff across six EDs participating in the COSTED randomized controlled trial. Interview data were thematically analyzed specifically exploring contextual influences. Data were triangulated with ethnographic observations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In participant interviews (N = 34), it was acceptable overall to receive a brief opportunistic smoking cessation intervention in the ED. Contextual factors are impacted at a range of levels. At the micro level participant views and experiences combined with staff tailoring were important. Being given an e-cigarette starter kit by a \"credible source\" helped to legitimize vaping for smoking cessation and gave confidence in personal ability to switch away from tobacco. At the meso level, adaptations to intervention delivery were made in response to the context of the ED. Stop smoking advisors (N = 11) had to adapt and deliver the intervention flexibly depending on space and clinical need. At the macro level, hospital policies supportive of vaping legitimized the approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Smoking cessation outcomes reported in the main trial across sites were very similar because of the high credibility, acceptability, and flexible approach to delivering the COSTED intervention in the ED.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Attending a hospital ED is the right time and place to receive smoking cessation intervention, even for those not motivated to quit. People are willing to receive intervention, and clinical staff are willing to support intervention delivery. Despite challenges, overall the context is helpful in supporting people to switch away from tobacco. The intervention, with flexible and tailored implementation, is adaptable to different ED contexts. This suggests that wider implementation across NHS Trusts of the effective COSTED intervention is feasible and will ultimately support smoking cessation for people attending EDs, who may not otherwise have sought support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Abhijit Nadkarni, Leena Gaikwad, Miriam Sequeira, Pranay Javeri, Deepthy Benoy, Marimilha Grace Pacheco, Richard Velleman, Pratima Murthy, Felix Naughton","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An estimated 78% of the total deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in 2019. In addition, smokeless tobacco increases the risk of all-cause mortality, all cancers including upper aero-digestive tract cancer, stomach cancer, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke; with 88% of the mortality burden being borne by the South-East Asian region. Evidence-based interventions from high income countries (HICs) are not easily transferable to LMICs, as patterns of tobacco use, health beliefs associated with tobacco use, and awareness of specific health risks vary substantially.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We synthesised the effectiveness of behavioural interventions for tobacco cessation in LMICs through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interventional studies which delivered individual behavioural intervention and assessed abstinence from tobacco use were included. We examined the pooled intervention effect at six months post-intervention follow up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For continuous abstinence at six months, the intervention was superior to active comparator (RR 2.32; 95% CI 1.78-3.02), and usual care (RR 4.39; 95% CI 2.38-8.11). For point prevalence abstinence at six months, the intervention was superior to active comparator (RR 1.76; 95% CI 1.28-2.44), and usual care (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.47-3.81). The statistical heterogeneity was substantial to considerable for all comparisons. Only six studies had an overall low risk of bias. Publication bias was observed for all comparisons, except for 6-month continuous outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation research is needed to understand factors for programme sustainability and equity of impact of behavioural interventions in reducing tobacco use in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Our review is an important step towards the understanding of effectiveness of behaviour interventions for tobacco cessation suited for low- and middle-income countries and which are responsive to the contextual needs of such countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of E-Cigarettes on Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among Adults with Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine: Single Arm ERASER Pilot Trial.","authors":"Irene Pericot-Valverde, Moonseong Heo, Shadi Nahvi, Justin Barron, Sarah Voss, Erik G Ortiz, Diann Gaalema, James F Thrasher, Abigail W Batchelder, Kaileigh A Byrne, Deborah Kunkel, Alain H Litwin","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with opioid use disorder (OUD) on buprenorphine smoke at high rates and have low cessation rates, even with evidence-based medications. Electronic cigarettes (EC) are a promising harm reduction strategy for combusted cigarette (CC) smokers unable to quit. Unfortunately, people with OUD are underrepresented in EC research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of EC as a harm reduction tool among CC smokers with OUD on buprenorphine (N=30). Participants were provided with an EC and freebase nicotine liquid (6mg/mL) with a choice of flavor, and a brief training session. Research visits were scheduled in-person at baseline, week 4, and week 8 (follow-up). Daily diary assessments were completed during the 4-week EC period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most visits (>74%) and 61.4% of daily diary assessments were completed. During the 4-week study period, 90% of participants used the EC at least one day, 66.7% used the EC for at least 16 days, and 43.3% used the EC every day. Significant reductions were observed between baseline and both weeks 4 and 8 in cigarettes smoked per day (CPDbaseline=16.2(8.3), CPDweek4=9.6(9.3), CPDweek8=8.4(8.3)) carbon monoxide (CO) levels (CObaseline=21.5(15.0), COweek4=16.9(9.6), COweek8=15.7(10.0)), and nicotine dependence measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTNDbaseline=5.4(2.5), FTNDweek4=4.2(2.6), FTNDweek8=4.4(2.6))), with all p-values<.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing an EC protocol in outpatient maintenance treatment programs is feasible and acceptable. Preliminary results suggest that ECs may facilitate reductions in CPD, CO levels, and nicotine dependence. Future research should explore the effect of prolonged EC use on harm reduction and cessation milestones.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>EC are a potentially promising harm reduction strategy for adult CC smokers with OUD on buprenorphine who are unable to quit using evidence-based medications. However, previous studies have largely overlooked people with OUD on buprenorphine with recent drug use. This study addresses this gap through a pilot trial investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of EC on CC behavior. The brief and standardized nature of the protocol and its implementation in outpatient settings highlights its potential for widespread implementation in facilities providing care to people with OUD on buprenorphine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping and smoking cue reactivity in young adult non-smoking electronic cigarette users: A functional neuroimaging study.","authors":"Jiaying Liu, Zhenhao Shi, Jessica L Fabbricatore, Joshua T McMains, Allison Worsdale, Erin C Jones, Yidi Wang, Lawrence H Sweet","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae257","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rapid growth in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among non-smoking young adults is concerning, as it raises the potential for chronic vaping and nicotine addiction. A key characteristic of drug addiction is the elevated neural response to conditioned drug-related cues (i.e., cue reactivity). Generalized reactivity to both vaping and smoking cues may signify an increased risk for smoking initiation in non-smoking vapers. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate brain responses to vaping and smoking cues in young adult non-smoking vapers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-six young adult non-smoking vapers underwent functional MRI while viewing visual cues pertaining to vaping, smoking, and nicotine-unrelated unconditioned reward (i.e., food). A priori region-of-interest analysis combined with exploratory whole-brain analysis was performed to characterize neural reactivity to vaping and smoking cues in comparison to food cues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex, regions that play a key role in drug cue reactivity, showed significantly increased neural response to vaping cues compared to food cues. The posterior cingulate cortex additionally showed increased neural responses to smoking cues compared to food cues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite not currently smoking combustible cigarettes, young adult vapers exhibited heightened neural susceptibility to both vaping and smoking cues within brain systems associated with cue reactivity. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and smoking initiation risk in this critical population and may contribute to the development of science-based interventions and regulatory measures in the future.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The escalating vaping prevalence among US non-smoking young adults is alarming, due to its potential ramifications for nicotine addiction development. Nicotine addiction is characterized by elevated neural response to conditioned nicotine-related cues. Using functional neuroimaging, we showed that young adult non-smoking vapers exhibited heightened neural susceptibility to both vaping and smoking cues within brain systems previously associated with cue reactivity. Such cross-reactivity to both types of nicotine cues may serve as the mechanism underlying nicotine addiction and smoking initiation risk in this population. Our findings may contribute to the development of science-based interventions and regulatory measures addressing the vaping epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do-it-yourself flavored capsule cigarettes: Exploiting potential regulatory loopholes?","authors":"Page D Dobbs, Eric Soule, Margaret Mahoney, Mufazzela Tabassum, Nia Burgess, Lisa Henriksen","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae258","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Capsule cigarettes allow users to crush liquid-filled capsules to release flavors into cigarettes' filters. New devices are emerging across the globe that allow people who smoke to circumvent tobacco flavor restrictions via injectable capsules. This study examined TikTok videos marketing flavored capsule injector devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TikTok videos (n = 832) posted worldwide between July 6, 2021, and December 28, 2023, that used hashtags #injectorflavor, #flavourclickball, #flavorball, and #injectorballcigarette were collected using a TikTok application programing interface. A codebook was developed using a systematic iterative approach, identifying six codes: flavor capsules, promotes flavors (i.e., fruit, mint or menthol flavors, non-alcoholic drinks, alcoholic drinks), demonstrates how to use or refill large injector devices, demonstrates how to use small convenient devices, includes music (any or English-language). Two independent coders annotated all videos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 88.3% (n=735) of the videos displayed flavor capsules and had been viewed more than 72 million times. Half (51.6%) of the videos demonstrated how to use large box-shaped devices to inject capsules into the filter of a cigarette, and 15.0% of the videos showed how to do this with smaller, more convenient devices. Flavors including fruit (35.5%), menthol/mint (27.8%), non-alcoholic drinks (21.9%), and alcoholic drinks (11.6%) were used to promote these capsules. Most videos (85.6%) were uploaded by sellers on \"TikTok shop.\"</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>TikTok accounts are promoting injectable capsule devices that circumvent flavored tobacco sales restrictions. Policy makers, tobacco control advocates, and public health practitioners should be aware of such marketing to inform regulation and develop prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Our findings identified an emerging product that can encourage circumvention of flavor restriction policies. Regulators, policy makers, public health practitioners, researchers, and advocates should be aware of such products to inform regulation and develop prevention strategies. Given the potential for these products to reduce the intended effects of flavored tobacco sales restrictions, policy makers must be poised to address materials that consumers use to create their own flavored tobacco products, including flavor capsules designed to be inserted into cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}