{"title":"Chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides containing the (6-4) photoproduct at the thymine-cytosine site and its repair by (6-4) photolyase.","authors":"S Iwai, T Mizukoshi, K Hitomi, T Todo","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A phosphoramidite building block of the T(6-4)C photoproduct was synthesized. One of the differences from T(6-4)T was formation of cytosine hydrates by UV irradiation, and the other was acylation of the amino function with the capping reagent. The capping step was omitted to improve the yield of the desired oligonucleotides. Characterization of the (6-4) photolyase using one of the oligonucleotides revealed that this enzyme restores the pyrimidines in T(6-4)C to their original structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1325-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J A McCloskey, A B Whitehill, J Rozenski, F Qiu, P F Crain
{"title":"New techniques for the rapid characterization of oligonucleotides by mass spectrometry.","authors":"J A McCloskey, A B Whitehill, J Rozenski, F Qiu, P F Crain","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in combined HPLC/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry provide effective new capabilities for the rapid characterization of oligonucleotides. Accurate mass measurements with errors < 0.3 Da, and determination of base and sugar modification and of nearest neighbor identities, can be routinely carried out on 10-100 component mixtures of RNA or DNA. These procedures are widely applicable in structural and analytical studies involving mixtures of oligonucleotides.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1549-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R Bhatt, B Scott, S Whitney, R N Bryan, L Cloney, A Lebedev
{"title":"Detection of nucleic acids by cycling probe technology on magnetic particles: high sensitivity and ease of separation.","authors":"R Bhatt, B Scott, S Whitney, R N Bryan, L Cloney, A Lebedev","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cycling Probe Technology (CPT) is a signal amplification system that allows detection of nucleic acid target sequences without target amplification. CPT employs a sequence specific chimeric probe, typically DNA-RNA-DNA, which hybridizes to a complementary target DNA sequence and becomes a substrate for RNase H. Cleavage occurs at the RNA internucleotide linkages and results in dissociation of the probe from the target, thereby making it available for the next probe molecule. This communication describes the use of oligonucleotides attached to solid supports for target capture and release followed by solution and solid phase cycling. Through the attachment of chimeric probes to Sera-Mag magnetic particles (SMP) a simple and effective method of separating the cleaved probe from non-cycled probe has been developed. By capturing the target DNA on particles and separating it from the extraneous non-specific DNA we are able to dramatically reduce background and thus discriminate between samples of Methicillin Resistant (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus Aureus. We conjugated oligonucleotide probes to SMPs (approximately 1 um) and Nylon beads (NB) which were coated with ID Biomedical's proprietary coating materials (R, patent pending). The general structure of the constructs is shown below: [table: see text]</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1297-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L M Cowsert, C T Ohashi, B Bhat, D Peoc'h, A M Symons, P D Cook, M Manoharan
{"title":"MMI linkage modification increases potency and stability of H-ras antisense oligonucleotides.","authors":"L M Cowsert, C T Ohashi, B Bhat, D Peoc'h, A M Symons, P D Cook, M Manoharan","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044723","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (PS-ASOs) have proven to be useful first generation antisense tools for in vitro and in vivo uses and now show great promise as human therapeutic agents. However, there are two characteristics of PS-ASOs that make it desirable to continue to attempt to improve their biophysical characteristics through chemical modification. First, PS-ASOs have been reported, at very high concentrations, to have some nonspecific activities, both in vitro and in vivo, usually attributed to their protein binding properties. Second, while significantly more stable than their phosphodiester analogues, the in vivo stability of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides can still be improved. This instability is primarily due to 3′ exonucleases, 5′ exonucleases, and to a lesser degree, endonucleases. There is a strong rationale for exploring backbone modifications that can reduce the P=S content and maintain or increase nuclease resistance of antisense oligonucleotides. One su...","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1383-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytotoxicity and in-vivo tolerance of FdUMP[10]: a novel pro-drug of the TS inhibitory nucleotide FdUMP.","authors":"W H Gmeiner, A Skradis, R T Pon, J Liu","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cytotoxicity of the 10mer ODN FdUMP[10] towards human colorectal tumor cells was evaluated using a clonogenic assay. FdUMP[10] was more than 100-fold more active than 5-FU at inhibiting colony formation of H630 cells. FdUMP[10] was also evaluated for cytotoxicity in the NCI 60 cell line screen, and showed markedly improved activity relative to 5-FU against numerous tumor cell lines. The in-vivo tolerance of FdUMP[10] is more than three-fold greater per mole fluorinated pyrimidine, than 5-FU.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1729-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Griffoni, E Spisni, M Orlandi, S Santi, M Riccio, V Tomasi
{"title":"A 38 kDa nuclear protein is involved in the retention of an antisense oligonucleotide directed against cytosolic phospholipase A2.","authors":"C Griffoni, E Spisni, M Orlandi, S Santi, M Riccio, V Tomasi","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies suggest that antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (APO) are useful tools not only to impair gene expression, but also to modify the splicing of pre-mRNA, as the classical view that they act by suppressing the translation of mature mRNA has been challenged by several examples showing their nuclear site of action. In this work we show that an APO directed against cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) mRNA localises in the nucleus and interacts with a specific nuclear protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1673-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Kusunoki, A Wada, N Kurosaki, T Kimura, K Takai, N Yamamoto, H Takaku
{"title":"Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to CXCR4 mRNA block replication of HIV-1 in COS cells.","authors":"A Kusunoki, A Wada, N Kurosaki, T Kimura, K Takai, N Yamamoto, H Takaku","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CXCR4 is both a chemokine receptor and an entry co-receptor for the T-cell line-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To find a more efficacious therapeutic treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, we examined the effects of antisense oligonucleotides on CXCR4 production. COS cells, stably expressing CXCR4 and CD4, were incubated with several kinds of oligonucleotides. Total human p24 antigen production was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. An antisense phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotide, complementary to the translation initiation region of the CXCR4 mRNA, showed minimal inhibition of p24 antigen production at the high concentration of 2 microM. On the other hand, the antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, when used with transfection reagents, showed high efficiency at low concentrations, and confirmed the sequence-specific action. Interestingly, the oligonucleotide with the natural phosphodiester backbone, when used with the transfection reagents, also had high functional effects, comparable to the modified oligonucleotide. This study defines the prerequisite criteria necessary for the design and the application of antisense oligonucleotides against HIV-1 in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1705-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Otvös, J Sági, G Sági, A Szemzõ, F D Tóth, A Jeney
{"title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis and biological activity of oligonucleotides containing 5-substituted pyrimidine bases.","authors":"L Otvös, J Sági, G Sági, A Szemzõ, F D Tóth, A Jeney","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two series of alternating ODNs containing 5-n.alkyl-, alkenyl- and alkynyl-dU and -dC units have been prepared in order to study the kinetics of their hydrolysis by SV PDE and human serum, respectively. Both in (r5dUpdA)10 and (r5dCpdG)6 series the rate of hydrolysis decreased with increasing length of side-chain. Replacement of thymidines by 5-hexynyl-dU in different antisense oligomers resulted in considerably higher biological activity relative to that of the thymidine-containing counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1665-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamics of site-specific variant tRNA(Ala) acceptor stem microhairpins.","authors":"E Biala, W McClain, P Strazewski","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal denaturation studies were carried out on a set of site-specific variants of a 22mer RNA hairpin comprising the aminoacyl acceptor stem sequence of E. coli tRNA(Ala). The pairing thermodynamics were calculated from the melting profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1575-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O V Morozova, D M Kolpashchikov, T M Ivanova, T S Godovikova
{"title":"Synthesis of new photocross-linking 5-C-base-substituted UTP analogs and their application in highly selective affinity labelling of the tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA replicase proteins.","authors":"O V Morozova, D M Kolpashchikov, T M Ivanova, T S Godovikova","doi":"10.1080/07328319908044771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new photocross-linking 5-C-base-substituted UTP analogs, carrying 4-azidoperfluorobenzoyl and 4-azidoaniline residues were synthesized. Two flavivirus proteins NS5 and NS3 are shown to be labelled after RNA synthesis in the presence of the analogs, irradiation (lambda > 300 nm) and subsequent [alpha-32P]NTP incorporation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 6-7","pages":"1513-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07328319908044771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21338144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}