{"title":"Stimulation of cytokine and nitric oxide production by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.","authors":"Z Zídek, D Franková, A Holý","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several antiviral acyclic nucleotide analogues activate expression of genes for cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-10 in macrophages and IFN-gamma in splenocytes. This is an underlying mechanism for substantially enhanced production of nitric oxide generated by IFN-gamma. More lipophilic prodrugs, bis-POM-PMEA and bis-POC-PMPA, are cytocidal for macrophages and thus inhibit nitric oxide formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"959-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21297866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D Egron, A A Arzumanov, N B Dyatkina, A Krayevsky, J L Imbach, A M Aubertin, G Gosselin, C Périgaud
{"title":"Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and stability studies of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-fluorophosphate.","authors":"D Egron, A A Arzumanov, N B Dyatkina, A Krayevsky, J L Imbach, A M Aubertin, G Gosselin, C Périgaud","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV activity, and stability studies of AZT 5'-fluorophosphate (F-AZTMP) are reported. The present results demonstrate that such compound is a bioprecursor of its parent 5'-mononucleotide (AZTMP) but its biotransformation does not allow its selective intracellular delivery. Moreover, several attempts were carried out in order to improve the biological activity of this compound by the use of a SATE prodrug strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"983-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21297874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of new PMEA diphosphate mimics.","authors":"W H Laux, C Périgaud, J L Imbach, G Gosselin","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We synthesized and characterized new diphosphate mimics of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate PMEA [Adefovir, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine].</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"1003-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21297876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B Gröschel, N Himmel, J Cinatl, C Périgaud, G Gosselin, J L Imbach, H W Doerr, J Cinatl
{"title":"ddC- and 3TC-bis(SATE) monophosphate prodrugs overcome cellular resistance mechanisms to HIV-1 associated with cytidine kinase deficiency.","authors":"B Gröschel, N Himmel, J Cinatl, C Périgaud, G Gosselin, J L Imbach, H W Doerr, J Cinatl","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC)-resistant T-lymphoid cell line (MOLT-4/8rddC250), in which deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) gene-expression was decreased when compared with parental cells, has been selected. Cytotoxic and antiretroviral activity of ddC and 3TC was significantly lower in MOLT-4/8rddC250-than in parental MOLT-4/8 cells. ddC- and 3TC-bis(SATE)phosphotriesters completely overcame cellular resistance mechanisms and showed comparable both cytotoxic and antiretroviral activity in parental and ddC-resistant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"921-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21297982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence for cyclophosphate formation during hydrolysis of 3-methyl-cycloSal-PCVMP.","authors":"A Lomp, C Meier, M Herderich, P Wutzler","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A hydrolysis study of 3-methyl-cycloSal-PCVMP 2 is described. Surprisingly, phosphotriester 5 released in this study not the expected PCVMP, but cycloPCVMP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"943-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21297988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential inhibitors of HIV integrase.","authors":"C Mathé, V Nair","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the search for inhibitors of HIV integrase, the enzyme involved in the integration of viral DNA into host DNA, we have synthesized and studied a number of analogs of the heterocyclic molecule, chloroquine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"681-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21298255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L B Townsend, K S Gudmundsson, S M Daluge, J J Chen, Z Zhu, G W Koszalka, L Boyd, S D Chamberlain, G A Freeman, K K Biron, J C Drach
{"title":"Studies designed to increase the stability and antiviral activity (HCMV) of the active benzimidazole nucleoside, TCRB.","authors":"L B Townsend, K S Gudmundsson, S M Daluge, J J Chen, Z Zhu, G W Koszalka, L Boyd, S D Chamberlain, G A Freeman, K K Biron, J C Drach","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potent activity of 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB) against Human Cytomegalovirus with the concomitant low cellular toxicity at concentrations that inhibit viral growth prompted considerable interest in this research area. This interest was moderated by the pharmacokinetic studies of TCRB in rats and monkeys that revealed the instability of TCRB in vivo. These studies suggested that the instability was due to a cleavage of the glycosidic bond in vivo which released the heterocycle (2,5,6-trichlorobenzimidazole) into the bloodstream. This prompted us to initiate synthetic studies designed to increase the stability of the glycosidic bond of TCRB and BDCRB. Several synthetic approaches to address this and other problems are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"509-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21298364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M W Chun, S P Choi, M J Kim, C J Bae, H R Moon, H D Kim, L S Jeong
{"title":"Synthesis and antiviral activities of 1,3-oxathiolanyl nucleosides with 5-hydroxymethyl substituent.","authors":"M W Chun, S P Choi, M J Kim, C J Bae, H R Moon, H D Kim, L S Jeong","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novel 1,3-oxathiolanyl pyrimidine nucleosides with 5-hydroxymethyl substituent were synthesized starting from D-mannose and evaluated for antiviral activities against HIV-1, HSV type 1,2 and HCMV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"615-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21298373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J A Secrist, W B Parker, P W Allan, L L Bennett, W R Waud, J W Truss, A T Fowler, J A Montgomery, S E Ealick, A H Wells, G Y Gillespie, V K Gadi, E J Sorscher
{"title":"Gene therapy of cancer: activation of nucleoside prodrugs with E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase.","authors":"J A Secrist, W B Parker, P W Allan, L L Bennett, W R Waud, J W Truss, A T Fowler, J A Montgomery, S E Ealick, A H Wells, G Y Gillespie, V K Gadi, E J Sorscher","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the last few years, many gene therapy strategies have been developed for various disease targets. The development of anticancer gene therapy strategies to selectively generate cytotoxic nucleoside or nucleotide analogs is an attractive goal. One such approach involves the delivery of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase followed by the acyclic nucleoside analog ganciclovir. We have developed another gene therapy methodology for the treatment of cancer that has several significant attributes. Specifically, our approach involves the delivery of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase, followed by treatment with a relatively non-toxic nucleoside prodrug that is cleaved by the enzyme to a toxic compound. This presentation describes the concept, details our search for suitable prodrugs, and summarizes the current biological data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"745-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21299344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N Nguyen-Ba, L Chan, M Quimpère, N Turcotte, N Lee, H Mitchell, J Bédard
{"title":"Design and SAR study of a novel class of nucleotide analogues as potent anti-HCMV agents.","authors":"N Nguyen-Ba, L Chan, M Quimpère, N Turcotte, N Lee, H Mitchell, J Bédard","doi":"10.1080/15257779908041570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257779908041570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have developed a novel class of 2-phosphonate 1,3-dioxolane nucleotide analogues, from which the guanine derivative displayed weak anti-HCMV activity. Further SAR studies led to the identification of both cis and trans guanine derivatives of tetrahydrofuran analogues as potent anti-HCMV agents, both in vitro and in vivo, compared to ganciclovir and HPMPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19222,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides & nucleotides","volume":"18 4-5","pages":"821-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15257779908041570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21299351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}