Neurourology and Urodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Sodium Nitroprusside Potentiates Capsaicin-Activated TRPV1-mediated Relaxation of Goat Detrusor Smooth Muscle.","authors":"Khumtya Debbarma, Luitmoni Barkalita, Dilip K Deka","doi":"10.1002/nau.70263","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Although TRPV1 is present in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM), interstitial cells of Cajal, and urothelium, its physiological role remains unclear. The present study demonstrated the presence of TRPV1 mRNA in goat DSM, including the physiological effects of the TRPV1 channel and its modulation by nitric oxide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Species identity was confirmed by amplification of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from the genomic DNA of the goat (Capra hircus) DSM, and the samples were subjected to RT-PCR for TRPV1 gene expression. For functional studies, DSM strips (2-3 × 4-5 mm) from freshly slaughtered male goats (6-8 months) were mounted in organ baths. Capsaicin (1 nM-10 µM) was applied cumulatively to DSM precontracted with carbachol (CCh, 10 µM) or high K⁺ solution (30 mM), in the absence or presence of BCTC (1 µM), yohimbine (1 µM), glibenclamide (10 µM), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10 µM), l-NAME (10 µM), or ODQ (1 µM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT-PCR confirmed TRPV1 mRNA expression. Capsaicin produced maximal relaxation (Rmax) of 45.5% (95% CI = 41.9-49.1) and 42.8 (95% CI = 37.1-48.5) in CCh- and high K⁺- contracted DSM, respectively. R_max was reduced to 0% and 3.9% (95% CI = 1.4-6.4) by BCTC; 6.8% (95% CI = 2.7-10.9) and 27.3% (95% CI = 10.1-44.5) by yohimbine, 4.7% (95% CI = 1.8-7.6) and 28.5% (95% CI = 9.7-47.3) by glibenclamide in CCh- and K⁺30-PSS - contracted DSM, respectively. SNP enhanced the capsaicin-evoked R_max to 76.3 (95% CI = 55-97.6) and 85.2% (95% CI = 50.2-120.2), whereas l-NAME decreased it to 26.7% (95% CI = 11.1-42.3) and 11.8% (95% CI 4.8-18.8), and ODQ to 12.4% (95% CI = 4.8-20.0) and 7.7 (95% CI = 3.2-12.2) in CCh-contracted and high K⁺-depolarized DSM, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrates that goat DSM expresses functional TRPV1 channels and capsaicin elicits relaxation by activating these channels. The NO donor SNP further potentiates the capsaicin-induced relaxation through a NO-cGMP signalling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"835-844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voiding Dysfunction Among Older Adults With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Incidence and Predictors of Treatment for Overactive Bladder.","authors":"Boris Gershman, Agustin Perez-Londono, Jamil Almohtasib, Sumedh Kaul, Aaron Fleishman, Stephen A Boorjian, Aria F Olumi, Brian J Linder","doi":"10.1002/nau.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a chronic disease with a lifelong treatment burden that may cause substantial urinary morbidity. Such quality-of-life changes remain understudied. We therefore evaluated the incidence and predictors of treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) among older adults following diagnosis of NMIBC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We identified adults aged 66-89 years with newly diagnosed NMIBC from 2007 to 2017 in the linked SEER-Medicare database. We examined the incidence of treatment initiation for OAB following initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and evaluated associations with baseline characteristics using Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 9,819 patients, of whom 68% had Ta disease, 29% had T1 disease, and 4% had CIS. Within the first 12 months of TURBT, 7% of patients received treatment for OAB, and this increased to 15% of patients at 5 years. In the first year, the most utilized therapies were anticholinergic medications (early 3.72%, late 2.74%) and beta-3 agonists (early 0.11%, late 0.32%), while procedural OAB therapy utilization was rare (0.2%). On multivariable analysis, female gender (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11-1.42), congestive heart failure (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.43), and T1 tumor stage (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.12-1.44 vs. Ta) were independently associated with an increased risk of OAB treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of OAB requiring treatment among patients with NMIBC is substantial, with approximately one in six patients receiving treatment by 5 years after diagnosis. Predictive clinicopathologic features for OAB treatment-including, sex, high-risk tumor features, and repeat TURBT-may be useful for clinical counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"727-737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium-Update for Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU).","authors":"Ariana L Smith, Siobhan Sutcliffe","doi":"10.1002/nau.70230","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium, supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), has had a successful and productive ten years, accomplishing several major achievements, including over 65 peer-reviewed publications. This multicenter, transdisciplinary Consortium developed the concept of bladder health and studied it systematically in RISE FOR HEALTH (RISE). The resources developed and the data generated will be made available for use through the NIDDK repository, providing the content for many more accomplishments in the field of bladder health. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05365971.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"662-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Celebrates Its 75th Anniversary.","authors":"Chris Mullins, Ziya Kirkali","doi":"10.1002/nau.70217","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"647-649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Microvesicles Ameliorate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis via Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis in Rats.","authors":"Hung-Keng Li, Yu-Hsuan Cheng, Meng-Che Ly, Bing-Juin Chiang, Chiang-Ting Chien","doi":"10.1002/nau.70242","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Cyclophosphamide (CYP) may through its toxic metabolite, acrolein, induce hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder hyperactivity. Previous studies demonstrated intra-iliac arterial administration of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC)-derived microvesicles with less immune response and adverse effects than ADSC itself may confer anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory potential to improve bladder dysfunction. We explored whether ADSC-derived microvesicles may prevent CYP-induced bladder cystitis and overactivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female Wistar rats were divided into control (Con), CYP (Cy), CYP+microvesicles (CyM), and microvesicles treated control (CoM) groups. Con rats were intraperitoneally treated with saline, while the Cy rats were induced by intraperitoneally administered CYP (100 mg/kg body weight). We injected ADSC-derived microvesicles at the dosage of 15 μg/ml via intra-iliac artery to the rats with or without CYP treatment. We measured the responses of transcystometrogram, pathology, expression of muscarinic receptors (M3) and purinergic receptors (P2X7), pyroptosis related Caspase 1 and IL-1β, xCT/Gpx4 related ferroptosis by western blot in CYP-treated bladders. Wire myography of the urinary bladder was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADSC-derived microvesicles effectively decreased micturition frequency (overactivity), inflammation and fibrosis in CyM rats versus Cy rats. ADSC-derived microvesicles efficiently downregulated P2X7 and M3 receptor expression, Caspase 1/IL-1β mediated pyroptosis, xCT/Gpx4 regulated ferroptosis and restored Bcl-2/HO-1 mediated antioxidant defense mechanisms in CYP-induced cystitis. The pathologic results also displayed the effective reduction of bladder immune cell infiltration (inflammation) and fibrosis, and the preservation of the integrity in the urothelium by the treatment of ADSC-derived microvesicles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADSC-derived microvesicles can ameliorate CYP-induced bladder overactivity, inflammation, fibrosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"819-834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Written and Visual Patient Education Methods Before Urodynamic Studies: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Elife Kettas Dolek, Mert Basaranoglu, Ahmet Turhan, Erdem Akbay, Erim Erdem","doi":"10.1002/nau.70265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the effects of written versus visual patient education methods on patient anxiety, procedural comprehension, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction before urodynamic studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial enrolled 148 patients scheduled for urodynamic testing between January and April 2025. Patients were randomized into four groups: Control (consent form only, n = 37), Brochure (consent form plus brochure, n = 37), Video (consent form plus video demonstration, n = 37), and AI (consent form plus AI video animation, n = 37). The primary outcome was anxiety measured using STAI. Secondary outcomes included procedural comprehension, hemodynamic parameters, and satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual education methods demonstrated significantly lower anxiety scores compared to written methods (Video: 44.03 ± 4.35; Artificial Intelligence: 46.59 ± 6.53 vs. Control: 50.59 ± 6.55; Brochure: 52.41 ± 5.52; p < 0.001). Procedural comprehension was significantly superior in visual education groups across all assessed domains (p < 0.001). No significant differences in hemodynamic parameters were observed between written and visual approaches (p > 0.05). Visual education methods, particularly the Video group, yielded higher satisfaction scores (9.32 ± 1.29) and lower embarrassment scores (4.22 ± 3.76), although differences in satisfaction did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.07). Real video demonstration showed superior performance compared to artificial intelligence-generated video animation across most measured outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual education methods demonstrate superior efficacy compared to written approaches in reducing anxiety and enhancing comprehension before urodynamics. Real video showed superior performance compared to AI animation, emphasizing human factors importance in patient education. These findings support routine implementation of video-based education.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This randomized controlled trial was conducted in accordance with institutional research protocols and ethical guidelines. The study protocol was registered and approved by the institutional review board prior to patient enrollment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"808-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravesical Gentamicin for Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Patients With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Performing Intermittent Catheterization: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Lucas Antonio Pereira do Nascimento, Vicktor Bruno Pereira Pinto, Luiz Guilherme Serrão Gimenez, Thais Guimaraes, Julyana Kanate Mazzoni Moromizato, Rodrigo Portella, Cristiane de Barros Gaspar, Anne P Cameron, Cristiano Mendes Gomes","doi":"10.1002/nau.70254","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) are at increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Oral antimicrobial prophylaxis has limited efficacy and fosters resistance. Intravesical gentamicin (IVG) has emerged as an alternative, but evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of IVG for rUTI prevention in adults with NLUTD and summarized reported instillation protocols and additional clinically relevant outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for English-language articles published up to April 2025 assessing IVG efficacy and/or safety in adults with NLUTD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies (two prospective, two retrospective) comprising 130 patients met inclusion criteria. IVG was most often administered as 80 mg in 20 mL saline, instilled during the final catheterization and left to dwell overnight. Across studies, IVG reduced rUTI frequency by 83%-89.9%, decreased oral antibiotic use by 71.4%, and lowered the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The overall safety was 94.2%. Mild adverse events occurred in 5.8%-21.7% of cases (mainly diarrhea or fungal infections). No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence supports IVG as a safe and effective prophylactic strategy for preventing rUTIs in NLUTD patients performing CIC. However, the small number of studies, heterogeneous protocols, and absence of randomized controlled trials underscore the need for high-quality research to define standardized regimens and inform broader clinical adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"674-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Factors for Complete Treatment Response in Structured Giggle Incontinence Treatment.","authors":"Araz Musaev, Berat Daşkıran, Can Sicimli, Yakup Tarkan Soygür, Berk Burgu","doi":"10.1002/nau.70275","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare different treatment options for giggle incontinence (GI) and to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with complete treatment response (CTR) to a structured management protocol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We evaluated patients treated for GI in our outpatient clinic (2010-2025). Those who failed to achieve CTR and required methylphenidate were divided into two groups: Group 1 received standard urotherapy plus anticholinergics, and Group 2 received standard urotherapy plus biofeedback (BF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 patients were included in the study, Group 1 n = 63 and Group 2 n = 70. Initially, characteristics of patients with CTR with partial and non-responders, multivariate analysis revealed that admission at post-pubertal age, female sex, and a positive family history were significantly associated with complete response for both Group 1&2. However, no significant association was found with body mass index (BMI), Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptoms Score (DVISS), constipation or enuresis. As a secondary outcome, response to methylphenidate was assessed. CTR rates were similar at 1 and 3 months, but at 6- and 12-months Group 2 showed significantly higher CTR compared to Group 1 (57% vs. 83% and 51% vs. 91%, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For treatment of GI, post-pubertal age, female gender, and a positive family history were found to be associated with a CTR both for anticholinergics and BF. In refractory GI cases where methylphenidate was added to the treatment, a history of BF therapy was associated with long-term CTR.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"802-807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystometry Is Associated With Reduced Overall Mortality in Veterans With Suprasacral Spinal Cord Injury or Disease.","authors":"John Hornberger, John Lavelle","doi":"10.1002/nau.70255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guidelines recommend initial cystometrogram for patients with suprasacral spinal cord injuries. The extent of adherence to neurogenic bladder surveillance by urodynamics and its association with survival is limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the proportion of patients with spinal cord injury who underwent cystometrogram and the extent to which cystometrograms are associated with survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We emulated a target trial of veterans with spinal cord injuries who had no prior urological conditions or procedures. Measures included whether the veteran had a cystometrogram and the association between cystometrogram and mortality risk, controlling for measured confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort consisted of 43 326 veterans with a mean follow-up of 122 ± 78 months; 31% had a cystometrogram. After controlling for confounding variables, having a cystometrogram was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk (odds ratio 0.74; 95% CI 0.71-0.77; p < 0.001). This association was observed throughout all years of follow-up, with a difference of more than 7% in cumulative survival by 20 years of longest follow-up. The association was observed in veterans who had other preventative health measures, such screening colonoscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to guideline-recommended cystometrograms for veterans with suprasacral spinal cord injury was low in previous observational investigations and in this study. The veterans who had cystometrogram experienced lower mortality risk throughout the 20 years of longest follow-up. This study, combined with evidence in prior investigations from our team on associations of cystometrograms on urinary system outcomes, compel re-examining approaches to increase adherence to surveillance protocols for neurogenic bladder in patients with supra-sacral spinal cord injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of NIDDK-Funded Studies of Urological Chronic Pain Conditions.","authors":"J Quentin Clemens","doi":"10.1002/nau.70223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review highlights NIDDK-funded clinical research studies focused on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Since 1987, the NIDDK has funded numerous cohort studies, epidemiologic studies, and clinical trials for these conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the majority of clinical trials have not demonstrated positive results, these research efforts have provided essential information about these conditions, which have informed clinical practice guidelines and enhanced the clinical care of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data from these studies are a valuable resource that is available via the NIDDK Data Repository for future analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"650-653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}