Neurotoxicology and teratology最新文献

{"title":"Differential gene expression profiling implicates altered network development in rat postnatal day 4 cortex following 4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI) induced maternal seizures","authors":"Abdull J. Massri ,&nbsp;Mackenzie Fitzpatrick ,&nbsp;Helen Cunny ,&nbsp;Jian-Liang Li ,&nbsp;G. Jean Harry","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Compromised maternal health leading to maternal seizures can have adverse effects<span> on the healthy development of offspring<span>. This may be the result of inflammation, hypoxia-ischemia, and altered GABA signaling. The current study examined cortical tissue from F2b (2nd litter of the 2nd generation) postnatal day 4 (PND4) offspring of female Harlan SD rats chronically exposed to the seizuregenic compound, 4-Methylimidazole (0, 750, or 2500 ppm 4-MeI). Maternal seizures were evident only at 2500 ppm 4-MeI. GABA related gene expression as examined by qRT-PCR and whole genome microarray showed no indication of disrupted GABA or glutamatergic signaling. Canonical pathway hierarchical clustering and multi-omics combinatory genomic (CNet) plots of differentially expressed genes (DEG) showed alterations in genes associated with regulatory processes of cell development including </span></span></span>neuronal differentiation and </span>synaptogenesis<span>. Functional enrichment analysis showed a similarity of cellular processes across the two exposure groups however, the genes comprising each cluster were primarily unique rather than shared and often showed different directionality. A dose-related induction of cytokine signaling was indicated however, pathways associated with individual cytokine signaling were not elevated, suggesting an alternative involvement of cytokine signaling. Pathways related to growth process and cell signaling showed a negative activation supporting an interpretation of disruption or delay in developmental processes at the 2500 ppm 4-MeI exposure level with maternal seizures. Thus, while GABA signaling was not altered as has been observed with maternal seizures, the pattern of DEG suggested a potential for alteration in neuronal network formation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optimized radioimmunoassay for quantification of total serum thyroxine (T4) in fetal, neonatal, and pregnant rats","authors":"Katherine L. O'Shaughnessy,&nbsp;Michelle G. Hotchkiss,&nbsp;Angela K. Buckalew,&nbsp;Ashley S. Murr,&nbsp;Mary E. Gilbert,&nbsp;Tammy E. Stoker","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Identifying xenobiotics<span> that interrupt the thyroid axis has significant public health implications, given that thyroid hormones are required for brain development. As such, some developmental and </span></span>reproductive toxicology<span> (DART) studies now require or recommend serum total thyroxine<span><span> (T4) measurements in pregnant, lactating, and developing rats. However, serum T4 concentrations are normally low in the fetus and pup which makes quantification difficult. These challenges can be circumvented by technologies like </span>mass spectrometry<span>, but these approaches are expensive and not always widely available. To demonstrate the feasibility of measuring T4 using a commercially available assay, we examine technical replicates of rat serum samples measured both by liquid chromatography<span> mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). These samples were obtained from rats on gestational day 20 (dams and fetuses) or postnatal day 5 (pups), following maternal exposure to the </span></span></span></span></span>goitrogen<span> propylthiouracil (0–3 ppm) to incrementally decrease T4. We show that with assay modification, it is possible to measure serum T4 using low sample volumes (25–50 μL) by an RIA, including in the GD20 fetus exposed to propylthiouracil. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the technical feasibility of measuring serum T4 in DART studies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the molecular mechanisms and developmental consequences of mercury (Hg) toxicity in zebrafish embryo-larvae: A comprehensive approach","authors":"Magda Carvalho Henriques ,&nbsp;Inês Carvalho ,&nbsp;Cátia Santos ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Herdeiro ,&nbsp;Margarida Fardilha ,&nbsp;Maria Dimitriou Pavlaki ,&nbsp;Susana Loureiro","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant affecting aquatic ecosystems' health. Chronic exposure to Hg has shown that the normal development of zebrafish embryo-larvae is affected. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the toxicity of Hg on fish embryonic development are still poorly understood. This work aimed to investigate the effects of Hg exposure on zebrafish embryo-larvae using a combined approach at individual (mortality, embryo development and locomotor behavior) and biochemical (neurotoxicity and oxidative stress enzymatic activities and protein phosphatase expression) levels. The Fish Embryo Toxicity assay followed the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 236 and used a concentration range between 13 and 401 μg Hg/L. Lethal and developmental endpoints were examined at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hpf. Biochemical markers, including Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Reductase (GR), and Glutathione-<em>S</em>-Transferase (GST) activities and, for the first time, the expression of the protein phosphatase 1 gamma (PP1γ) was assessed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure to 10 and 100 μg Hg/L. The behavioral effects of a sublethal range of Hg (from 0.8 to 13 μg Hg/L) were assessed using an automated video tracking system at 120 hpf. Several developmental abnormalities on zebrafish embryos and larvae, including pericardial edema, spin and tail deformities and reduced rate of consumption of the yolk sac, were found after exposure to Hg (LC₅₀ at 96 hpf of 139 μg Hg/L) with EC₅₀ values for total malformations ranging from 22 to 264 μg Hg/L. After 96 hpf, no significant effects were observed in the CAT and GR activities. However, an increase in the GST activity in a concentration and time-dependent manner was found, denoting possible stress-related adaptation of zebrafish embryos to deleterious effects of Hg exposure. The AchE activity showed a response pattern in line with the behavioral responses. At the lowest concentration tested, no significant effects were found for the AChE activity, whereas a decrease in AChE activity was observed at 100 μg Hg/L, suggesting that exposure to Hg induced neurotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos which in turn may explain the lack of equilibrium found in this study (EC₅₀ at 96 hpf of 83 μg Hg/L). Moreover, a decrease in the PP1γ expression was found after 96 h of exposure to 10 and 100 μg Hg/L. Thus, we suggest that Hg may be an inhibitor of PP1γ in zebrafish embryos-larvae and thus, along with the alterations in the enzymatic activity of GST, explain some of the developmental malformations observed, as well as the lack of equilibrium. Hence, in this study, we propose the use of PP1 expression, in combination with apical and biochemical endpoints, as a precursor for assessing Hg's toxic mechanism on embryonic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of early-life lead exposure on adult delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol sensitivity in male and female C57BL6/J mice","authors":"Daniel Garcy,&nbsp;Stephen L. Boehm II","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cannabis use are two of the largest public health issues facing modern society in the United States and around the world. Exposure to Pb in early life has been unequivocally shown to have negative impacts on development, and recent research is mounting showing that it may also predispose individuals for risk of developing substance use disorders (SUD). At the same time, societal and legal attitudes towards cannabis (the main psychoactive component of which is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) have been shifting, and many American states have legalized the recreational use of cannabis. It is also the 3rd most widely used drug of abuse in the US, and rates of cannabis use disorder are on the rise. Here we establish a link between early life Pb exposure and later THC-related behavior in C57BL6/J mice, as has been demonstrated for other drugs of abuse. The study seeks to answer whether Pb exposure affects physiological/behavioral THC sensitivity (as measured by the cannabinoid-induced tetrad). It was hypothesized that Pb exposure would decrease THC sensitivity and that sex-dependent effects of Pb-exposure and THC would be observed. Interestingly, results showed that THC sensitivity was increased by Pb exposure, but only in female mice. Future research will fully explore the implications of these findings, namely how these effects impact THC self-administration and the mechanism(s) by which developmental Pb exposure produces these effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between fluoride exposure in drinking water and cognitive deficits in children: A pilot study","authors":"Tewodros Rango Godebo ,&nbsp;Marc Jeuland ,&nbsp;Redda Tekle-Haimanot ,&nbsp;Biniyam Alemayehu ,&nbsp;Arti Shankar ,&nbsp;Amy Wolfe ,&nbsp;Nati Phan","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluoride (F^<img>) exposure in drinking water may lead to reduced cognitive function among children; however, findings largely remain inconclusive. In this pilot study, we examined associations between a range of chronic F^<img> exposures (low to high: 0.4 to 15.5 mg/L) in drinking water and cognition in school-aged children (5–14 years, n = 74) in rural Ethiopia. Fluoride exposure was determined from samples of community-based drinking water wells and urine. Cognitive performance was measured using: 1) assessments of ability to draw familiar objects (donkey, house, and person), and 2) a validated Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery's (CANTAB) Paired Associate Learning (PAL), which examines memory and new learning and is closely associated with hippocampus function of the brain. Associations between F^<img> and cognitive outcomes were evaluated using regression analysis, adjusting for demographic, health status, and other covariates. The median (range) of water and urine F^<img> levels was 7.6 (0.4–15.5 mg/L) and 6.3 (0.5–15.7 mg/L), respectively; these measures were strongly correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.74), indicating that water is the primary source of F^<img> exposure. Fluoride in drinking water was negatively associated with cognitive function, measured by both drawing and CANTAB test performance. Inverse relationships were also found between F^<img> and drawing objects task scores, after adjusting for covariates (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Further analysis using CANTAB PAL tasks in the children confirmed that F^<img> level in drinking water was positively associated with the number of errors made by children (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), also after adjusting for covariates (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). This association between water F^<img> and total errors made became markedly stronger as PAL task difficulty increased. Fluoride exposure was also inversely associated with other PAL tasks<img>the number of patterns reached, first attempt memory score and mean errors to success. These findings provide supportive evidence that high F^<img> exposures may be associated with cognitive deficits in children. Additional well-designed studies are critically needed to establish the neurotoxicity of F^<img> in children and adults exposed to both low levels known to protect dental caries, as well as excess F^<img> levels in drinking water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic effects of exogenous retinoic acid on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos","authors":"Xiaoxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Ma ,&nbsp;Cizhao Wei ,&nbsp;Juan Liu ,&nbsp;Ting Yu ,&nbsp;Yu Zou ,&nbsp;Song Liu ,&nbsp;Zheqiong Yang ,&nbsp;Jinlei Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endogenous retinoic acid<span><span><span> (RA) is essential for embryonic development and maintaining adult physiological processes. Human-caused RA residues in the environment threaten the survival of organisms in the environment. We employed zebrafish as a model to explore the developmental impacts of excess RA. We used exogenous RA to raise the amount of RA signal in the embryos and looked at the effects of excess RA on embryonic morphological development. Upregulation of the RA signal significantly reduced embryo hatching and increased embryo </span>malformation. To further understand the neurotoxic impact of RA signaling on early </span>neurodevelopment<span><span>, we measured the expression of neurodevelopmental marker genes and cell death and proliferation markers in zebrafish embryos. Exogenous RA disrupted stem cell (SC) and neuron marker gene expression and exacerbated apoptosis in the embryos. Furthermore, we looked into the links between the transcriptional coactivator RBM14 and RA signaling to better understand the mechanism of RA neurotoxicity. There was a negative interaction between RA signaling and the transcription coactivator RBM14, and the morpholino-induced RBM14 down-regulation can partially block the effects of </span>RAR antagonist BMS493-induced RA signaling inhibition on embryonic malformation and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, exogenous RA causes neurodevelopmental toxicity, and RBM14 may be involved in this neurotoxic process.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10246710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the prospective T2 MRI biomarker of neurotoxicity in a trimethyltin model in rats at 7 T","authors":"Serguei Liachenko ,&nbsp;Jaivijay Ramu ,&nbsp;Merle G. Paule ,&nbsp;Joseph Hanig","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of any potential biomarker against the gold standard is an important step in the process of its qualification by regulatory authorities. Such qualification is an important step towards incorporating the biomarker into the panel of tools available for drug development. In the current study we analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of T</span>₂<span> MRI<span> relaxometry to detect trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of either TMT (8, 10, 11, or 12 mg/kg) or saline (2 ml/kg) and imaged with 7 T MRI before and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after injection using a quantitative T</span></span>₂ mapping. Neurohistopathology (the gold standard in the case of neurotoxicity) was performed at the end of the observation and used as an outcome qualifier in receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of T₂ changes as a predictor of neurotoxicity. TMT treatment led to a significant increase in T₂ values in many brain areas. The biggest changes in T₂<span> values were seen around the lateral ventricles, which was interpreted as ventricular dilation. The area under the ROC curve for the volume of the lateral ventricles was 0.878 with the optimal sensitivity/specificity of 0.805/0.933, respectively. T</span>₂<span> MRI is a promising method for generating a non-invasive biomarkers of neurotoxicity, which shows the dose-response behavior with substantial sensitivity and specificity. While its performance was strong in the TMT model, further characterization of the sensitivity and specificity of T</span>₂ MRI with other neurotoxicants is warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50170454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children and adults with Fetal Valproate Spectrum Disorder: A contribution from the ConcePTION project","authors":"M. Bluett-Duncan ,&nbsp;D. Astill ,&nbsp;R. Charbak ,&nbsp;J. Clayton-Smith ,&nbsp;S. Cole ,&nbsp;P.A. Cook ,&nbsp;J. Cozens ,&nbsp;K. Keely ,&nbsp;J. Morris ,&nbsp;R. Mukherjee ,&nbsp;E. Murphy ,&nbsp;P. Turnpenny ,&nbsp;J. Williams ,&nbsp;A.G. Wood ,&nbsp;L.M. Yates ,&nbsp;R.L. Bromley","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To describe the neurodevelopmental phenotype of older children and adults with a diagnosis of Fetal Valproate Spectrum Disorder (FVSD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this cross-sectional study, 90 caregivers were recruited and completed a series of questionnaires regarding the neurodevelopmental outcomes of 146 individuals aged 7–37 years (M = 18.1), including individuals with a formal diagnosis of FVSD (<em>n</em> = 99), individuals exposed to Valproate but without an FVSD diagnosis (<em>n</em> = 24), and individuals not exposed to Valproate (<em>N</em> = 23). The mean dose of valproate exposure for individuals with an FVSD diagnosis was 1470 mg/day.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Individuals with a diagnosis of FVSD showed significantly higher levels of moderate (43.4%) and severe (14.4%) cognitive impairment than other groups (<em>p</em> = 0.003), high levels of required formal educational support (77.6%), and poorer academic competence than individuals not exposed to Valproate (<em>p</em> = 0.001). Overall psychosocial problems (<em>p =</em> 0.02), internalising problems (<em>p</em> = 0.05) and attention problems (<em>p</em> = 0.001), but not externalising problems, were elevated in individuals with a diagnosis of FVSD. Rates of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autistic spectrum disorders (62.9%) and sensory problems (80.6%) are particularly central to the FVSD phenotype. There was no evidence of a statistical dose-dependent effect, possibly due to the high mean dose of exposure having a uniformly negative impact across the sample. Individuals with FVSD had required a significant number of health and child development services.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Children and young adults with a diagnosis of FVSD are at an increased risk of a range of altered neurodevelopmental outcomes, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to clinical management across the lifespan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 107292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10188146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Region- and age-specific effects of perinatal phthalate exposure on developmental cell death and adult anatomy of dorsal and ventral hippocampus and associated cognitive behaviors","authors":"Elli P. Sellinger ,&nbsp;Amara S. Brinks ,&nbsp;Rajvi R. Javeri ,&nbsp;Savannah L. Theurer ,&nbsp;Ruibin Wang ,&nbsp;Janice M. Juraska","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Humans are exposed to phthalates, a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals used in food packaging/processing, PVC plastics, and personal care products. Gestational exposure may lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In a rat model, </span>perinatal exposure<span><span> to an environmentally relevant mixture and dose of phthalates leads to increased developmental apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and a subsequent reduction in neurons and in cognitive flexibility measured in adults of both sexes (Sellinger et al., 2021b; Kougias et al., 2018b). However, whether these effects generalize to other cognitive regions, like the hippocampus, is less well understood as existing studies used single phthalates at large doses, unrepresentative of human exposure. In the current study, patterns of naturally occurring cell death were first established in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal subfields (CA3 and CA1). Both dorsal and ventral CA3 reached high levels of cell death on P2 while levels in dorsal and ventral CA1 peaked on P5 in both sexes. Exposure to a phthalate mixture (0.2 and 1 mg/kg/day) throughout gestation through postnatal day 10 resulted in subtle age- and region-specific decreases in developmental cell death, however there were no significant changes in adult neuron number or associated </span>behaviors: the Morris </span></span>water maze and social recognition. Therefore, perinatal exposure to a low dose mixture of phthalates does not result in the dramatic structural and behavioral changes seen with high doses of single phthalates. This study also adds to our understanding of the distinct neurodevelopmental effects of phthalates on different brain regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 107288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational paracetamol exposure induces core behaviors of neurodevelopmental disorders in infant rats and modifies response to a cannabinoid agonist in females","authors":"Rodrigo Moreno Klein ,&nbsp;Vanessa Nishikawa Motomura ,&nbsp;Juliana Diosti Debiasi ,&nbsp;Estefânia Gastaldello Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Paracetamol (PAR) is an over-the-counter analgesic/antipyretic used during pregnancy worldwide. Epidemiological studies have been associating gestational PAR exposure with neurobehavioral alterations in the </span>progeny<span><span> resembling autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The </span>endocannabinoid<span><span> (eCB) dysfunction was previously hypothesized as one of the modes of action by which PAR may harm the developing nervous system<span><span>. We aimed to evaluate possible effects of gestational exposure to PAR on male and female rat's offspring behavior and if an acute injection of WIN 55,212–2 (WIN, 0.3 mg/kg), a non-specific </span>cannabinoid agonist, prior to behavioral tests, would induce different effects in PAR exposed and non-exposed animals. Pregnant </span></span>Wistar rats were gavaged with PAR (350 mg/kg/day) or water from gestational day 6 until delivery. Nest-seeking, open field, apomorphine-induced stereotypy, marble burying and three-chamber tests were conducted in 10-, 24-, 25- or 30-days-old rats, respectively. PAR exposure resulted in increased apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior and time spent in the central area of the open field in exposed female pups. Additionally, it induced hyperactivity in the open field and increased marble burying behavior in both male and female pups. WIN injection modified the behavioral response only in the nest seeking test, and opposite effects were observed in control and PAR-exposed </span></span></span>neonate females. Reported alterations are relevant for the neurodevelopmental disorders that have been associated with maternal PAR exposure and suggest that eCB dysfunction may play a role in the action by which PAR may harm the developing brain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 107279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10228305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}