Neurology International最新文献

{"title":"An \"Engram-Centric\" Approach to Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) and Other Acute-Onset Amnesias.","authors":"Andrew J Larner","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differential diagnosis of acute-onset amnesia includes transient global amnesia (TGA), transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), and functional (or psychogenic) amnesia. The most common of these, TGA, is a rare but well-described condition characterised by a self-limited episode of dense anterograde amnesia with variable retrograde amnesia. Although the clinical phenomenology of TGA is well described, its pathogenesis is not currently understood, thus preventing the development of evidence-based therapeutic recommendations. Here, TGA, TEA, and functional amnesia are considered in light of the historical engram conception of memory, now informed by recent experimental research, as disturbances in distributed ensembles of engram neurones active during memory formation and recall. This analysis affords therapeutic implications for these conditions, should interventions to reactivate latent or silent engrams become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcome After Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Peroneal Nerve Injury: An Analysis of Risk Factors After Different Surgical Approaches.","authors":"Daniel N Werkmann, Ute M Bäzner, Martin Petkov, Lena Minzenmay, Gregor Durner, Gregor Antoniadis, Christian R Wirtz, Maria T Pedro, Andreas Knoll, Andrej Pala","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to analyze potential risk factors that may influence the clinical outcomes following surgical treatment of traumatic peroneal nerve lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with traumatic peroneal nerve injuries treated with decompression, split repair, or nerve grafting between 2010 and 2020. Motor function and potential risk factors were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 93 patients, 42 (45%) underwent decompression, 15 (16%) received split repair, and 36 (39%) required autologous nerve grafting. Up to one year after surgery, weakness of the anterior tibial muscle improved from a median of M0 to M3. After one year following nerve decompression, functional recovery was observed in 28 (65%) cases, in 9 (21%) cases after split repair, and in 7 (16%) cases following autologous nerve grafting. A defect greater than 8 cm was associated with significantly poorer improvement of extensor hallucis longus (<i>p</i> = 0.037, HR 0.109). We found no significant associations between age, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, and postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the present data, a significant number of patients achieved functional improvement following surgical treatment, indicating that this procedure should be considered an important treatment option in selected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rise of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Glia Models of Neuroinflammation.","authors":"Srishti Kala, Andrew G Strutz, Moriah E Katt","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is a blanket term that describes the body's complex inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). It encompasses a phenotype shift to a proinflammatory state, the release of cytokines, the recruitment of peripheral immune cells, and a wide variety of other processes. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in nearly every major CNS disease ranging from Alzheimer's disease to brain cancer. Understanding and modeling neuroinflammation is critical for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of CNS diseases. Unfortunately, the translation of findings from non-human models has left much to be desired. This review systematically discusses the role of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived glia and supporting cells within the CNS, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, pericytes, and endothelial cells, to describe the state of the field and hope for future discoveries. hPSC-derived cells offer an expanded potential to study the pathobiology of neuroinflammation and immunomodulatory cascades that impact disease progression. While much progress has been made in the development of models, there is much left to explore in the application of these models to understand the complex inflammatory response in the CNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Outcome and Quality of Life After Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma-A Prospective Randomized Single-Blinded Study Comparing Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Resection.","authors":"Andrej Pala, Nadja Grübel, Benjamin Mayer, Ralf Becker, Fabian Sommer, Bernd Schmitz, Gwendolin Etzrodt-Walter, Christian Rainer Wirtz, Michal Hlavac","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endoscopic pituitary surgery might yield better endocrine outcomes compared to microscopic resection. We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study to compare the endocrine outcome and quality of life (QoL) of patients with newly diagnosed pituitary adenoma who underwent either endoscopic or microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (NCT03515603).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Due to slow recruitment, this study had to be stopped prematurely. Out of 170 transsphenoidal pituitary surgeries performed during the study period, 36 patients were enrolled in this study. The primary endpoint was based on the development of a new hypopituitarism. Secondary endpoints included the extent of resection, complications, and QoL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endoscopic surgery was performed in 47.2% (n = 17). A new hypopituitarism was found in 8.3% (n = 3). All these cases underwent microscopic resection. Arginine vasopressin deficiency was found in 2.7% (n = 1) after microscopic resection. Gross total resection was achieved in 94.4% (n = 34). No surgical complications or new neurological deficits were observed. QoL improved significantly after the surgery, as measured by EQ-VAS (<i>p</i> = 0.003). According to EQ-5D3L, QoL improved or remained unchanged in almost all patients. No significant difference was found in QoL between the endoscopic and microscopic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The endoscopic technique appears to offer benefits in the treatment of pituitary adenomas, particularly in terms of achieving a favorable endocrine outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: AlTawari et al. Nusinersen Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Retrospective Multicenter Study of Pediatric and Adult Patients in Kuwait. <i>Neurol. Int.</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 631-642.","authors":"Asma AlTawari, Mohammad Zakaria, Walaa A Kamel, Nayera Shaalan, Gamal Ahmed Ismail Elghazawi, Mohamed Esmat Anwar Ali, Dalia Salota, Amr Attia, Ehab Elsayed Ali Elanany, Osama Shalaby, Fatema Alqallaf, Vesna Mitic, Laila Bastaki","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the published publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsequent Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Patient with Monocular Vision Loss Associated with Isolated Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: A Case Report.","authors":"Jessica Seetge, Balázs Cséke, Zsófia Nozomi Karádi, Eszter Szalai, Valéria Gaál, László Szapáry","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Acute retinal ischemia, including central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), is recognized as a stroke equivalent by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA), necessitating immediate multidisciplinary evaluation and management. However, referral patterns among ophthalmologists remain inconsistent, and evidence-based therapeutic interventions to improve visual outcomes are currently lacking. CRAO is associated with a significantly elevated risk of subsequent acute ischemic stroke (AIS), particularly within the first week following diagnosis, yet the role of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in this setting remains controversial. This case report presents a unique case of CRAO with concurrent internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, followed by an AIS affecting the middle cerebral artery (MCA). <b>Case presentation:</b> An 83-year-old woman presented with acute, painless monocular vision loss to the emergency department. IVT was administered within 4.5 h of admission for suspected CRAO associated with ICA occlusion (ICAO) identified on CT-angiography (CTA). One hour post-thrombolysis, CT-perfusion (CTP) confirmed MCA occlusion (MCAO), necessitating mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Successful recanalization was achieved without complications, and the patient demonstrated no functional impairments at discharge. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case underscores the importance of maintaining a vigilant approach to stroke management in CRAO patients. It highlights the diagnostic challenges encountered in clinical practice and advocates for further research into the role of IVT in CRAO cases with ICAO, emphasizing the need for consensus in treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Tremor in Long COVID May Be a Symptom of Dysautonomia and Small Fiber Neuropathy.","authors":"Svetlana Blitshteyn, Ilene S Ruhoy, Lauren R Natbony, David S Saperstein","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Internal tremor (IT) is often reported by patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, also known as Long COVID, as a distressing and disabling symptom. Similarly, physicians are typically perplexed by the nature and etiology of IT and find it extremely challenging to manage. <b>Methods:</b> We describe a patient with Long COVID who experienced IT as part of post-COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and review the limited literature available on this topic. <b>Results:</b> Our patient's IT improved significantly after intravenous saline infusions, but there was no effect on IT with oral hydration, increased oral sodium chloride intake, neuropathic pain medications, muscle relaxants, or medications used for the treatment of POTS. <b>Conclusions:</b> Based on this case, our clinical experience, and the limited literature available to date, we believe IT is a manifestation of POTS and SFN, which may be driven by hypovolemia, cerebral hypoperfusion, sympathetic overactivity, neuropathic pain, and mast cell hyperactivation. Subjective description, objective findings, and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in patients with IT and Long COVID are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaflet: Operative Steps for Interventional Studies in Neuroscience.","authors":"Maria Meringolo, Sergio Delle Monache, Giuseppina Martella, Antonella Peppe","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Drug development involves multiple stages, spanning from initial discovery to clinical trials. This intricate process entails understanding disease mechanisms, identifying potential drug targets, and evaluating the efficacy and safety of candidate drugs. Clinical trials are designed to assess the effects of drugs on humans, focusing on determining safety profiles, appropriate modes of administration, and comparative efficacy against placebos. Notably, neuroscience drug development encounters distinct challenges, including the complex nature of diseases, limitations imposed by the blood-brain barrier, the absence of reliable predictive preclinical models, and regulatory hurdles. Ethical and safety considerations are pivotal due to the potential cognitive and motor effects of CNS-active drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our manuscript outlines the procedures for CNS clinical trials and highlights the key elements of study design, methodological considerations, and ethical frameworks. To achieve our objectives, we considered the official websites of regulatory authorities, the EQUATOR network, and recent publications in the field. The paper includes key elements such as criteria for subject selection, methods of evaluation, variable analysis, and statistical methodology approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We want to furnish a concise and comprehensive guide tailored to individuals new to CNS clinical trials, providing foundational elements necessary for the design and execution of such trials. The manuscript seeks to outline sources of relevant materials and elucidate adaptability, particularly in instances where sponsors may be absent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By meeting the needs of less-experienced researchers or those with limited resources, the intention is to facilitate an understanding of the intricate nature of the process and offer guidance on appropriately navigating its complexities. It is essential to note that this manuscript does not aim to be exhaustive but endeavors to serve as a structured checklist. Through its approach, the manuscript aspires to offer guidance and support to individuals navigating the challenges inherent in this intricate domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Outcomes of Orthostatic Hypotension in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients During Hospitalization.","authors":"Pui Kit Tam, Guhan Ramamurthy, Lavanya Rawat, Serene Huang, Jeong Hoon Lim","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16060134","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16060134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients and can lead to major consequences. The prevalence of OH among patients with stroke has also been reported to be high in in-patient cohorts. However, no previous analysis has focused exclusively on patients with hemorrhagic stroke, a group that may have a different disease profile, including a greater need for blood pressure control and surgical intervention. This study aims to examine the prevalence of OH, its risk factors, and potential impact in patients who were hospitalized due to hemorrhagic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of in-patient records between 1 January 2021 and 30 April 2023 was conducted for patients with stroke due to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who were referred to rehabilitation at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. OH was defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure of ≥20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥10 mmHg during the sit-up test as part of the rehabilitation assessment. Additional data collected included demographic information, length of stay, antihypertensive medications used at the time of assessment, comorbidities, and discharge functional outcomes as measured by a modified Rankin Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 77 patients (65 [84.4%] with ICH and 12 [15.6%] with SAH) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of OH was 37.7%. A history of surgical intervention was identified as the major risk factor for the development of OH (odds ratio 4.28, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 13.35, <i>p</i> = 0.009). There was no difference in hospital length of stay or discharge modified Rankin Scale scores between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OH was frequently observed among patients with hemorrhagic stroke during the acute/subacute stage and should be monitored, especially in patients who require surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"16 6","pages":"1878-1886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Tumor-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.","authors":"Hye Bin Yoo, Hyeong Hun Lee, Vincent Diong Weng Nga, Yoon Seong Choi, Jeong Hoon Lim","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16060133","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16060133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracranial hemorrhage associated with primary or metastatic brain tumors is a critical condition that requires urgent intervention, often through open surgery. Nevertheless, surgical interventions may not always be feasible due to two main reasons: (1) extensive hemorrhage can obscure the underlying tumor mass, limiting radiological assessment; and (2) intracranial hemorrhage may occasionally present as the first symptom of a brain tumor without prior knowledge of its existence. The current review of case studies suggests that advanced radiological imaging techniques can improve diagnostic power for tumoral hemorrhage. Adding proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), which profiles biochemical composition of mass lesions could be valuable: it provides unique information about tumor states distinct from hemorrhagic lesions bypassing the structural obliteration caused by the hemorrhage. Recent advances in 1H-MRS techniques may enhance the modality's reliability in clinical practice. This perspective proposes that 1H-MRS can be utilized in clinical settings to enhance diagnostic power in identifying tumors underlying intracranial hemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"16 6","pages":"1856-1877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}