Neurology International最新文献

{"title":"Reciprocal Interactions Between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Mutual Triggering, Exacerbation, and Treatment Interventions-A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.","authors":"Shatha Gharaibeh, Alameen Alsabbah, Ahmad Alloubani, Abeer Gharaibeh","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17060081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17060081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal health is connected to many systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases. The oral-brain axis has gained increasing interest in the pathogenesis of diseases. Emerging studies have highlighted the potential role of periodontal disease in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, Alzheimer's disease also affects periodontal disease and oral health. In this review, we address the correlation between the two diseases and the mechanisms by which one contributes to the other. Exploring the correlation between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease will assist in better understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and pave the way for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Clinical Measures Related to Falls in Ambulatory Patients with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy.","authors":"Joseph A Shrader, Allison C Niemic, Rafael Jiménez-Silva, Joshua G Woolstenhulme, Galen O Joe, Uma Jacobs, Ashwini Sansare, Angela Kokkinis, Kenneth Fischbeck, Chris Grunseich, Cris Zampieri","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17060080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17060080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an adult-onset, X-linked, progressive neuromuscular disease caused by abnormal CAG trinucleotide expansion in the androgen receptor gene. Patients with SBMA report difficulty with falls on self-reported activities of daily living scales. To our knowledge, no study has examined the relationship between falls and common clinical measures of strength, balance, mobility, and disease biomarkers. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of an SBMA cohort.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) compare demographics, clinical measures, and biomarkers between patients who did and did not fall; (2) determine which measures best discriminate fallers from non-fallers; and (3) identify cutoff scores to detect patients with a higher fall risk.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis was used.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Disease biomarkers included blood serum creatinine, and clinical measures included the Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool (AMAT), and posturography, including the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance and the Motor Control Test. The Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVICs) of four lower extremity muscles were captured via fixed-frame dynamometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three clinical measures that help detect fall risk in people with SBMA. A post hoc receiver operating characteristic curve analysis helped identify cut scores for each test. Impairments of mobility (TUG > 8 s), muscle endurance (AMAT endurance subscale < 14), and muscle strength (ankle plantar flexion MVIC < 45% of predicted) were different between fallers and non-fallers, via independent <i>t</i>-tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These three clinical tests can help detect fall risk that may help clinicians implement gait aid use or other fall prevention strategies before catastrophic falls occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sensory and Motor Function in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy Using Quiet Stance and Reactive Postural Control.","authors":"Joseph A Shrader, Ashwini Sansare, Allison C Niemic, Rafael Jiménez-Silva, Joshua G Woolstenhulme, Galen O Joe, Uma Jacobs, Angela Kokkinis, Kenneth Fischbeck, Chris Grunseich, Cris Zampieri","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17060079","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17060079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, along with muscle cramps, tremors, and sensory neuropathy. Previous research has shown that patients with SBMA have difficulty with dynamic balance and sensory postural control during quiet stance. There have been no reports on automatic postural reactions in SBMA.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed (1) to augment previous findings of sensory postural control, (2) to investigate automatic postural reactions in SBMA, and (3) to explore the relationship between strength and balance.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The participants were fifty male individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of SBMA.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Balance testing included the NeuroCom modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB), which measures sway velocity during quiet stance, and the NeuroCom Motor Control Test (MCT), which measures the latency and strength of postural reactions following sudden perturbations. Strength testing included maximal voluntary isometric contractions measured via fixed-frame dynamometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven out of fifty participants were able to complete the mCTSIB test, but only thirty-eight completed the MCT test. Patients who were unable to complete the MCT were significantly weaker in all lower extremity muscles compared to those who were able to complete testing. Compared to normative data, participants showed significantly higher sway velocity during quiet stance across all conditions of the mCTSIB, except when standing on foam with eyes open. They also exhibited significantly slower postural reactions in response to sudden shifts of the force plate on the MCT. Plantarflexor weakness was significantly correlated with poor postural control on the mCTSIB and MCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms previously reported abnormalities of sensory postural control in SBMA and highlights patients' heavy reliance on visual inputs for postural control. Additionally, this study shows that automatic postural corrections are slower than normal in SBMA and provides a unique approach for measuring the combined sensory and motor components of the disease. Both the sensory and automatic balance abnormalities were found to be associated with plantarflexor weakness and may contribute to a higher risk of falls under challenging situations. Therefore, addressing this weakness may be an important step toward fall prevention in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Method of Spinal Electrophysiological Assessment via Intrathecal Administration at Analgesic Doses.","authors":"Daisuke Uta, Takuya Yamane, Sosuke Yoneda, Erika Kasai, Toshiaki Kume","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Chronic pain is a significant global health challenge and is associated with diverse conditions, such as diabetic neuropathic pain and spinal stenosis. Understanding the mechanisms of pain transmission is crucial, for both the peripheral and central pathways. However, there are limitations in spinal electrophysiological techniques in terms of the injection method. Traditional methods such as spinal injections may differ in the distributions and concentrations of drugs compared with intrathecal administration during the behavior test. So, we developed a new intrathecal administration method for electrophysiological recordings. <b>Methods</b>: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with lidocaine intrathecally, and the analgesic effect was evaluated by the von Frey test. In vivo extracellular single-unit recordings of the superficial dorsal horn neurons were performed following a newly developed technique. Lidocaine was intrathecally injected into the arachnoid membrane after laminectomy. After that, the neural responses in the superficial dorsal horn were measured. <b>Results</b>: Newly developed intrathecally administered dye reached the spinal cord and the cauda equina. Intrathecally administrated lidocaine increased the paw withdrawal threshold and suppressed spinal neuronal firing. This suppression correlated with increases in paw withdrawal thresholds. <b>Conclusions</b>: This innovative method provides insights into the central effects of analgesics, which will help the development of therapies for chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medications for Managing Central Neuropathic Pain as a Result of Underlying Conditions-A Systematic Review.","authors":"Bjarke Kaae Houlind, Henrik Boye Jensen","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This systematic review assessed the current literature regarding the analgesic treatment of central neuropathic pain (CNP) in central nervous system (CNS) conditions, such as spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, post-stroke disorders, and Parkinson's disease. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the current algorithmic treatment of CNP, which generally does not discriminate among underlying conditions, with RCTs investigating algorithm-recommended and non-algorithm-recommended drugs for differing underlying conditions. <b>Methods</b>: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant randomized control trials (RCTs). MeSH terms and EmTree terms were searched as well as free text words in the title/abstract of the studies. A risk of bias tool was used to assess all included studies. <b>Results</b>: A total of 903 RCTs were identified from the initial search. Thirty-eight RCTs published between January 2002 and November 2024 fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. The review investigated progressive and stable neurological diseases and conditions with associated CNP. <b>Conclusions</b>: From the majority of the included studies, the current recommended treatment algorithm seems to be effective and safe; however, the underlying condition seems to influence how the patient responds to tier-appropriate medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Second Exteroceptive Suppression Period of the Temporalis Muscle Is Altered in Migraine Patients with Allodynia.","authors":"Eugenia Rota, Paolo Immovilli, Marco Aguggia, Maria Gabriella Saracco, Elisabetta Ghiglione, Antonella Melotti, Nicola Morelli","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Studying the second exteroceptive suppression period (ES2) of the temporalis muscle may well shed some light on the brainstem neural circuits involved in migraine pathophysiology. It is known that allodynia is related to an increased sensitization of second-/third-order neurons both in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and sensory thalamus. This pilot, observational study was carried out in the interictal period on female migraineurs with/without allodynia to assess the ES2 of the temporalis muscle compared to controls. <b>Methods:</b> Forty-nine non-consecutive female patients were enrolled, as they met the diagnostic criteria for migraine (26 episodic and 23 chronic), alongside 23 healthy controls. The inclusion criteria encompassed no ongoing pharmacological prophylactic treatment, and the exclusion criteria included any relevant comorbidities. In line with international standards, the exteroceptive suppression of the temporalis muscle activity was registered on the left side, assessing ES2 latency and duration in the interictal period. <b>Results:</b> Allodynia was observed in 24 patients (50%), and 16/24 (67%) were chronic migraineurs. No statistically significant differences in ES2 latency or its duration between the migraine patients and controls were detected. However, there was a significantly longer ES2 duration in allodynic migraineurs than in the controls (<i>p</i> = 0.04; effect size: 0.71) and in allodynic compared to non-allodynic migraineurs (<i>p</i> = 0.04; effect size: 0.63). <b>Conclusions:</b> The increased duration of ES2 observed in allodynic migraineurs might be related to the impaired activity of brainstem circuits and, in our opinion, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that this change may be a neurophysiological correlate of central sensitization in migraine allodynic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Tau in Neuronal Function and Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda-Abreu, Fausto Rojas-Durán, María Elena Hernández-Aguilar, Deissy Herrera-Covarrubias, Luis Isauro García-Hernández, María Rebeca Toledo-Cárdenas, Donají Chi-Castañeda","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tau protein plays a pivotal role in maintaining neuronal structure and function through its regulation of microtubule stability and neuronal polarity. Encoded by the <i>MAPT</i> gene, Tau exists in multiple isoforms due to alternative mRNA splicing, with differential expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In healthy neurons, <i>tau</i> mRNA is selectively localized and translated in axons, a process tightly regulated by untranslated regions (UTRs) and RNA-binding proteins such as HuD and FMRP. Pathologically, Tau undergoes hyperphosphorylation, misfolding, and aggregation, which contribute to neurodegeneration in a range of disorders collectively known as tauopathies. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent tauopathy, where abnormal Tau accumulation in the temporal and frontal lobes correlates with cognitive decline and behavioral symptoms. Other tauopathies, including Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism (FTDP-17), and Pick's disease, are distinguished by the predominance of specific Tau isoforms (3R or 4R), cellular distribution, and affected brain regions. Notably, astroglial tauopathies highlight the pathological role of Tau accumulation in glial cells, expanding the understanding of neurodegeneration beyond neurons. Despite advances in imaging biomarkers (e.g., Tau-PET) and molecular diagnostics, effective disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies remain elusive. Ongoing research targets Tau through immunotherapies, splicing modulators, kinase inhibitors, and antisense oligonucleotides, aiming to mitigate Tau pathology and its deleterious effects. Understanding the multifaceted roles of Tau in neuronal and glial contexts is critical for developing future therapeutic strategies against tauopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Paula Andreatta Maduro, Luiz Alcides Ramires Maduro, Polyana Evangelista Lima, Ana Clara Castro Silva, Rita de Cássia Montenegro da Silva, Alaine Souza Lima Rocha, Maria Jacqueline Silva Ribeiro, Juliana Magalhães Duarte Matoso, Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, Paulo Adriano Schwingel","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Cognitive decline has been increasingly linked to cardiac autonomic regulation; however, its specific associations with cognitive domains, such as information processing speed and executive function, remain unclear. This preliminary study examined the relationship between cardiac autonomic modulation and cognitive performance in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 101 older adults (aged ≥60 years) attending a university hospital outpatient clinic. Participants were classified as without cognitive impairment (WCI) or cognitively impaired and not demented (CIND) based on neuropsychological assessments. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured at rest, focusing on the time-domain parameters (SDNN, rMSSD, and pNN50). Trail making test parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B) were used to assess information processing speed and executive function, respectively. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were performed, adjusting for confounding variables including age, sex, and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the CIND group had significantly lower HRV indices than those in the WCI group (SDNN, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.44; rMSSD, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.39; pNN50, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.40), indicating reduced parasympathetic modulation. Higher HRV values were observed in individuals with preserved processing speed and executive function. Specifically, pNN50 was significantly associated with processing speed (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and SDNN was significantly correlated with executive function (<i>p</i> = 0.02). These associations persisted even after adjusting for confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reduced cardiac autonomic modulation, especially lower parasympathetic activity, is significantly associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Lower pNN50 values were correlated with slower information processing speed, and lower SDNN was associated with poorer executive function. These findings support the potential use of HRV as a physiological biomarker to detect cognitive changes during ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired DNAJB2 Response to Heat Shock in Fibroblasts from a Neuropathy Patient with <i>DNAJB2/HSJ1</i> Mutation: Cystamine as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention.","authors":"Raj Kumar Pradhan, Nikolas G Kinney, Brigid K Jensen, Hristelina Ilieva","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives:</b> Neuropathy is a debilitating disorder characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction and damage to sensory, motor, and autonomic neurons and their axons. While homozygous mutations in DNAJB2/HSJ1 have been linked to early-onset neuropathy, a heterozygous DNAJB2 c.823+6C>T was discovered in an adult patient with severe sensory-motor polyneuropathy. This mutation is predicted to affect both isoforms of the protein. DNAJB2 (HSP40), a key member of the heat shock protein family, plays a critical role in cellular protection and stress, including response to heat shock. DNAJB2 traffics unfolded proteins to another heat shock protein, HSP70, and activates its ATPase activity to result in a correctly folded protein(s). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the heterozygous DNAJB2 c.823+6C>T mutation on the stress response of DNAJB2 in fibroblasts obtained from the neuropathy patient. <b>Methods:</b> The fibroblasts were subjected to one hour of heat shock at 42 °C, and the time course of expression levels of DNAJB2 was established. Additionally, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Cystamine, which has been shown to modulate DNAJB2 levels in cellular and animal models of Huntington's disease. <b>Results:</b> Our results revealed reduced baseline levels of DNAJB2 between the mutant and control fibroblasts. Importantly the mutant cells exhibited a diminished response to heat shock. Thus, the mutation affects the upregulation of DNAJB2 under stress, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of sensory-motor polyneuropathy. A 48-h pretreatment with 150 μM of Cystamine increased the levels of DNAJB2 in both the control and patient's fibroblasts. <b>Conclusions:</b> To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore this mutant form of DNAJB2 in neuropathy. The study demonstrated that the heterozygous DNAJB2 c.823+6C>T mutation leads to impaired DNAJB2 response to heat shock in the fibroblasts. Cystamine showed promise in restoring DNAJB2 expression, highlighting the need for further research into targeted therapeutic strategies for DNAJB2-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar Contributions to Hypokinetic Symptoms in an Acute Lesion Parkinsonism Model.","authors":"Cristofer Zarate-Calderon, Gerardo Marín, Iraís Viveros-Martínez, Lizbeth Vásquez-Celaya, Porfirio Carrillo-Castilla, Gonzalo E Aranda-Abreu, Donaji Chi-Castañeda, Luis I García","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17050072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17050072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Parkinsonism, characterized by motor symptoms, is typically attributed to basal ganglia dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum may also influence these symptoms. This study investigated Crus II, the dentate nucleus (DN), and the inferior olive (IO) in a rat model of parkinsonism induced by a bilateral ventrolateral striatal (VLS) lesion. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty-four male <i>Wistar</i> rats were divided into control (<i>n</i> = 12) and experimental (<i>n</i> = 12) groups. Monopolar electrodes were implanted in target structures. The experimental group received a bilateral VLS lesion. Animals underwent four weekly sessions of electrophysiological recordings and blind behavioral assessments (resting, grooming, locomotion, rearing, sniffing) via video tracking. Power spectral density (PSD) in the 300-500 Hz band was computed. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U, Friedman with Wilcoxon post hoc, and Spearman correlation tests. <b>Results:</b> During weeks one and two, there were significant PSD increases in the experimental group compared to the control, particularly in Crus II-grooming (<i>p</i> = 0.005), locomotion (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and rearing (<i>p</i> = 0.026); in IO-sniffing (<i>p</i> = 0.0167); and in DN-grooming (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and locomotion (<i>p</i> = 0.0008). Additionally, intragroup analysis revealed significant PSD elevations relative to baseline in these structures. Significant correlations were observed only for grooming (negative correlations) and sniffing (positive correlations) across all cerebellar regions. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest compensatory cerebellar hyperactivity induced by VLS lesion, potentially modulating hypokinetic symptoms and highlighting dynamic network interactions. Interpretation warrants caution due to limitations inherent to the acute lesion model and experimental duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}