Neurology International最新文献

{"title":"Cardiac CT in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke for the Evaluation of Non-Thrombotic and Non-Atrial-Fibrillation-Related Embolic Causes.","authors":"Karim Mostafa, Cosima Wünsche, Sarah Krutmann, Carmen Wolf, Schekeb Aludin, Naomi Larsen, Alexander Seiler, Domagoj Schunk, Olav Jansen, Hatim Seoudy, Patrick Langguth","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The purpose of this study is the evaluation of imaging findings of acute-phase cardiac CT (cCT) in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) to identify potential cardioembolic sources (CES) in patients without intracardiac thrombi and atrial fibrillation (AF). <b>Material and Methods:</b> This retrospective study included 315 patients with LVO who underwent cCT imaging in the acute stroke setting. The images were analysed for 15 imaging findings following the established minor and major cardioembolic risk factors. The final stroke aetiology was determined using the TOAST classification through interdisciplinary consensus following a thorough clinical evaluation. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify imaging findings associated with CES. <b>Results:</b> A cardioembolic aetiology was identified on cardiac CT in 211 cases (70%). After adjustment for AF and intracardiac thrombi, the multivariate regression analysis revealed significant associations with left ventricular dilation (adjusted odds-ratio (AOR) 32.4; 95% CI 3.0-349; <i>p</i> = 0.004), visible interatrial right-to-left shunt (AOR 30.8; 95% CI 2.7-341.3; <i>p</i> = 0.006), valve implants (AOR 24.5; 95% CI 2.2-270.9; <i>p</i> = 0.009), aortic arch atheroma grade > II (AOR 6.9; 95% CI 1.5-32.8; <i>p</i> = 0.015) and post-ischaemic myocardial scars (AOR 6.3, 95% CI 1.2-34.1; <i>p</i> = 0.032) as independent risk factors for a cardioembolic aetiology. The combined model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.83. <b>Conclusions:</b> In patients with LVO without AF and intracardiac thrombi as a cause, the presence of left ventricular dilatation, interatrial right-to-left shunts, valve implants, post-ischaemic myocardial scarring and advanced aortic arch atheroma (grade > 2) in particular is significantly associated with a cardioembolic cause of stroke and should be add-on evaluated in acute-phase cCT. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Role of Heterocyclic Compounds in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.","authors":"Nidhi Puranik, Minseok Song","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The development of aberrant protein aggregates and the progressive and permanent loss of neurons are the major characteristic features of these disorders. Although the precise mechanisms causing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are still unknown, there is a wealth of evidence suggesting that misfolded proteins, accumulation of misfolded proteins, dysfunction of neuroreceptors and mitochondria, dysregulation of enzymes, and the release of neurotransmitters significantly influence the pathophysiology of these diseases. There is no effective protective medicine or therapy available even with the availability of numerous medications. There is an urgent need to create new and powerful bioactive compounds since the number of people with NDDs is rising globally. Heterocyclic compounds have consistently played a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their exceptional pharmaceutical properties. Many clinically approved drugs, such as galantamine hydrobromide, donepezil hydrochloride, memantine hydrochloride, and opicapone, feature heterocyclic cores. As these heterocyclic compounds have exceptional therapeutic potential, heterocycles are an intriguing research topic for the development of new effective therapeutic drugs for PD and AD. This review aims to provide current insights into the development and potential use of heterocyclic compounds targeting diverse therapeutic targets to manage and potentially treat patients with AD and PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Bickerstaff Encephalitis in Childhood: A Case Report.","authors":"Luca Gregorio Giaccari, Donatella Mastria, Rosella Barbieri, Rossella De Maglio, Francesca Madaro, Gianfranco Paiano, Luciana Mascia, Maria Caterina Pace, Giuseppe Pulito, Pasquale Sansone","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare autoimmune disease and approximately 74 cases have been reported in the literature, mostly in childhood. <b>Methods:</b> We reported this case report according to the CARE guidelines. <b>Results:</b> A 13-year-old female presented with a 4-day history of persistent fever and hallucinations. She rapidly developed nystagmus associated with blurred vision with ataxic gait. She also developed altered mental status, blepharoptosis, diplopia and extrinsic ocular motility. An EEG showed asymmetric brain electrical activity with slow and spiky abnormalities in the left cerebral hemisphere. Lumbar puncture showed mild pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance, elevated protein, with normal glucose. Anti-GM1 and anti-GM2 antibodies were positive. She was administered intravenous immunoglobulin therapy due to a suspicion of BBE, showing rapid improvement in mental status. <b>Conclusions:</b> BBE is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be considered especially in pediatric age.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves.","authors":"Sunil P Mohan, Sivan P Priya, Nada Tawfig, Vivek Padmanabhan, Rasha Babiker, Arunkumar Palaniappan, Srinivasan Prabhu, Nallan Csk Chaitanya, Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman, Md Sofiqul Islam","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve injuries are common complications in surgical and dental practices, often resulting in functional deficiencies and reduced quality of life. Current treatment choices, such as autografts, have limitations, including donor site morbidity and suboptimal outcomes. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown assuring regenerative potential due to their accessibility, ease of harvesting and propagation, and multipotent properties. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of ADSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration, focusing on their use in bioengineered nerve conduits and supportive microenvironments. The analysis is constructed on published case reports, organized reviews, and clinical trials from Phase I to Phase III that investigate ADSCs in managing nerve injuries, emphasizing both peripheral and orofacial applications. The findings highlight the advantages of ADSCs in promoting nerve regeneration, including their secretion of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, support for cellular persistence, and supplementing scaffold-based tissue repair. The regenerative capabilities of ADSCs in peripheral nerve injuries offer a novel approach to augmenting nerve repair and functional recovery. The accessibility of adipose tissue and the minimally invasive nature of ADSC harvesting further encourage its prospective application as an autologous cell source in regenerative medicine. Future research is needed to ascertain standardized protocols and optimize clinical outcomes, paving the way for ADSCs to become a mainstay in nerve regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Headache and Deterioration of Vision in Left Eye in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Revealing a Brown Tumor of Sphenoid Sinus.","authors":"Hicham Esselmani, Abdelmohcine Aimrane, Hicham Chatoui, Omar El Hiba, Mustapha Najimi, Mohamed Merzouki","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Brown tumors are rare bone lesions associated with hyperparathyroidism, particularly secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), in chronic renal failure. While brown tumors commonly affect bones rich in marrow, the involvement of the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare and can present with neurological symptoms. This study reports a case of a sphenoid sinus brown tumor in a patient on hemodialysis, highlighting its clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 31-year-old woman undergoing chronic hemodialysis presented with a severe headache, diplopia, and progressive vision loss in her left eye. Laboratory tests revealed hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, consistent with SHPT. The diagnosis was confirmed through a clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical examination confirmed decreased visual acuity in the left eye. The laboratory results revealed serum calcium of 15.5 mg/dL, phosphate of 1.0 mg/dL, and PTH of 2000 pg/mL, consistent with SHPT. The imaging studies identified a brown tumor in the sphenoid sinus exerting a mass effect on adjacent structures. This case underscores the rarity of brown tumors in this location, with very few similar reports in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although rare, brown tumors should be considered in patients with SHPT who present with neurological symptoms or cranial lesions. An early diagnosis through biochemical and imaging studies is crucial to prevent severe complications. The management involves treating the underlying hyperparathyroidism, with surgical intervention indicated in cases of neural compression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay Between Sleep Apnea and Postpartum Depression.","authors":"Antonino Maniaci, Luigi La Via, Mario Lentini, Basilio Pecorino, Benito Chiofalo, Giuseppe Scibilia, Salvatore Lavalle, Antonina Luca, Paolo Scollo","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complicated association between sleep apnea and postpartum depression (PPD), two diseases that can have a major influence on a mother's health and well-being, is examined in this thorough review. An increasing number of people are realizing that sleep apnea, which is defined by repeated bouts of upper airway obstruction during sleep, may be a risk factor for PPD. The literature currently available on the frequency, common risk factors, and possible processes relating these two disorders is summarized in this study. We investigate the potential roles that sleep apnea-related hormone fluctuations, intermittent hypoxia, and fragmented sleep may play in the onset or aggravation of PPD. We also talk about the difficulties in identifying sleep apnea in the postpartum phase and how it can affect childcare and mother-infant attachment. The evaluation assesses the effectiveness of existing screening techniques, available treatments, and how well they manage both illnesses at the same time. Lastly, we identify research gaps and suggest future lines of inquiry to enhance maternal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Markers of Adaptation and Compensation Following Lower Limb Amputation: An Analysis of EEG Oscillations and Clinical Predictors from the DEFINE Cohort Study.","authors":"Guilherme J M Lacerda, Valton Costa, Lucas Camargo, Linamara R Battistella, Marta Imamura, Felipe Fregni","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Neuroplasticity, involving cortical and subcortical reorganization, plays a critical role in the adaptation and compensation process post-amputation. However, underlying neurophysiological changes remain unclear, particularly in brain oscillations. <b>Methods:</b> This is a cross-sectional analysis that includes baseline data from 48 individuals with lower limb amputation from our DEFINE Cohort Study project. EEG data were collected using a 64-channel system during a 5-min resting-state period. Preprocessed data were analyzed for delta and alpha oscillations across frontal, central, and parietal regions. Logistic regression models examined associations between EEG oscillations and clinical variables, including cognition (MoCA), functional independence (FIM), and phantom limb sensations (PLS). <b>Results:</b> The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed distinct patterns of association between EEG oscillations and clinical variables. Delta oscillations were inversely associated with cognitive scores (OR: 0.69; <i>p</i> = 0.048), while higher delta power was related to the absence of PLS (OR: 58.55; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Frontal alpha power was positively linked to cognitive function (OR: 1.55; <i>p</i> = 0.02) but negatively associated with functional independence (OR: 0.75; <i>p</i> = 0.04). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that lower frequencies, such as delta oscillations, play a role as potential compensatory brain rhythms. In contrast, alpha oscillations may reflect a more adapted pattern of brain reorganization after amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Somatic Mutations in Ischemic Stroke: CHIP's Impact on Vascular Health.","authors":"Aiman Kinzhebay, Amankeldi A Salybekov","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular diseases due to its association with somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells. These mutations, notably in genes like <i>DNMT3A</i>, <i>TET2</i>, and <i>JAK2</i>, induce pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic processes, promoting vascular damage and stroke risk. With the prevalence of CHIP rising with age, its presence correlates with higher mortality and morbidity rates in ischemic stroke patients. This article explores the mechanisms through which CHIP influences vascular aging and stroke, emphasizing its potential as a biomarker for early risk stratification and a target for therapeutic intervention. The findings highlight the necessity of integrating CHIP status in clinical evaluations to better predict outcomes and personalize treatment strategies in stroke management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albuminocytologic Dissociation and the Impact of Age-Adjusted Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Levels in Guillain-Barré Syndrome.","authors":"Nithisha Thatikonda, Alexandru Lerint, Chaitra Takle, Xiang Fang, Chilvana Patel","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study examined the impact of age-adjusted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels on clinical characteristics, disease severity, and outcomes in Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) patients. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study included 71 GBS patients at UTMB Galveston. Albuminocytologic dissociation (ACD) was defined as CSF-total protein (CSF-TP) >0.45 g/L with a cell count of <50 cells/L. Patients were grouped using the conventional cutoff (>0.45 g/L) and age-adjusted upper limits (URLs) for CSF-TP levels, comparing clinical, CSF, and electrophysiological characteristics across groups. <b>Results:</b> The mean age was 50 years (SD = 14.5). The mean age of patients with a CSF-TP > 45 g/L was higher (53 vs. 39 years, <i>p</i> = 0.000), whereas no such difference was noted using age-dependent URLs. Using age-adjusted CSF-TP URLs reduced the sensitivity for detecting ACD by 20%. CSF-TP > age-adjusted URLs were associated with lower MRC sum scores (39 vs. 47.43, <i>p</i> = 0.000), higher ICU admission rates (34% vs. 20%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and the need for second-line treatment (41% vs. 17%, <i>p</i> = 0.049), and the trends were not observed with the conventional cutoff of 0.45 g/L. CSF-TP was an independent predictor of lower MRC sum scores (<i>p</i> = 0.009, 95% CI -0.058, -0.009) and higher GBS disability scores (<i>p</i> = 0.015, 95% CI 0.000, 0.004). <b>Conclusions:</b> ACD is a common finding in GBS, but normal protein levels do not exclude the diagnosis. Using age-adjusted URLs might improve specificity but reduce sensitivity for ACD detection, potentially increasing false negatives. CSF-TP levels exceeding age-adjusted URLs were more strongly associated with greater disease severity and poorer outcomes compared to the conventional cutoff of 0.45 g/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and/or Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nerea Dominguez-Defez, Juan Lopez-Barreiro, Pablo Hernandez-Lucas, Ana González-Castro","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17020017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17020017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) affects the facial nerve, the seventh cranial nerve. It has an incidence rate of 20-30 cases per 100,000 habitants. The diagnosis is clinical, though imaging tests may be required in some cases. The treatment protocol includes medication, physiotherapy, and, in certain cases, surgery. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques and electrical stimulation have been shown to be significant for recovery. Although PFP has a high recovery rate, up to 40% of patients may experience permanent sequelae.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>to assess the efficacy of treatment based on electrical stimulation and/or PNF in patients affected by PFP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Medline, SportDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) in November 2024. Randomized controlled trials were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen articles were analyzed, applying PNF and/or electrical stimulation methods, pharmacological treatment, low-level laser treatment, subcutaneous collagen injections, and physiotherapy protocols involving facial expression exercises, yielding evidence for the variables assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PNF and/or electrical stimulation treatment in patients with PFP can be effective when employed early with appropriate parameters, showing promising results in improving quality of life, facial movement quality, and CMAP and reducing both the incidence and degree of synkinesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}