{"title":"Estrogen-Mediated Neural Mechanisms of Sex Differences in Burning Mouth Syndrome.","authors":"Takahiko Nagamine","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder of the oral cavity in the absence of organic disease and is prevalent among menopausal women. Estrogen may be involved in the formation of nerves involved in pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper presents an inferred mechanism for the relationship between estrogen and BMS based on a synthesis and interpretation of findings from a selection of published studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Estrogen influences the formation of neural circuits in BMS by dividing the complex pain circuit into the following three components: the peripheral pain circuit, brain network pain circuit, and memorized pain circuit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The development of BMS may be influenced by the formation of neural circuits by sex hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahul R Karamchandani, Liang Wang, Dale Strong, Alexis A Mulvaney, Jonathan D Clemente, Jeremy B Rhoten
{"title":"Very Early Rehabilitation After Treatment with Intravenous Thrombolysis for Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Rahul R Karamchandani, Liang Wang, Dale Strong, Alexis A Mulvaney, Jonathan D Clemente, Jeremy B Rhoten","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The optimal timing of rehabilitation after acute ischemic stroke is unclear. We studied neurological outcomes and safety of early mobilization (EM) within 24 h for patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of patients treated at a single Comprehensive Stroke Center from 6/2020-10/2024 with EM versus usual care. Patients were eligible for EM if they were treated with intravenous thrombolysis and had post-treatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ≤ 5, and later, ≤10. Ordinal regression was performed to determine factors associated with a 90-day functional outcome benefit in the full cohort. Propensity scores were calculated for matched sample pairs to determine any shift towards better outcomes with EM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Groups of 165 and 73 patients were treated with EM and usual care, respectively. Treatment with EM was not associated with improved 90-day neurological outcome (odds ratio [OR] for higher mRS 0.746, <i>p</i> = 0.265). The groups also had comparable rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, length of stay, and discharge disposition. In the propensity score analysis of 73 matched pairs, EM was comparable to usual care with respect to 90-day functional outcome (OR for higher mRS 0.891, <i>p</i> = 0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mobilization within 24 h resulted in comparable rates of 90-day neurological function, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and hospital length of stay in patients with mild ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Future trials may further investigate the safety and efficacy of EM in alternate and larger patient cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Calandrino, Gaia Cipresso, Marcella Battaglini, Samuele Caruggi, Irene Bonato, Paolo Massirio, Chiara Andreato, Francesco Vinci, Alessandro Parodi, Mariya Malova, Marta Bertamino, Elisabetta Amadori, Mariasavina Severino, Martina Resaz, Andrea Rossi, Pasquale Striano, Luca Antonio Ramenghi
{"title":"Neonatal Perforator Stroke: Timing, Risk Factors, and Neurological Outcome from a Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Andrea Calandrino, Gaia Cipresso, Marcella Battaglini, Samuele Caruggi, Irene Bonato, Paolo Massirio, Chiara Andreato, Francesco Vinci, Alessandro Parodi, Mariya Malova, Marta Bertamino, Elisabetta Amadori, Mariasavina Severino, Martina Resaz, Andrea Rossi, Pasquale Striano, Luca Antonio Ramenghi","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and purpose:</b> Perforator stroke (PS) is a subtype of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), in which injuries occur in the territory of the perforator branches of the main cerebral arteries. This study aims to explore the incidence, timing, risk factors, and clinical presentation of PS in both preterm and full-term neonates. <b>Material and methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed data about all the neonatal brain MRIs carried out in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2023. Criterium of inclusion was the radiologically confirmed diagnosis of perforator stroke involving one or more arterial districts. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1928 patients underwent brain MRIs during the period considered. PAIS was present in 50 patients, of which 19 had PS (38%). Among the patients with PS, nine were preterm babies (47%), and six suffered from perinatal asphyxia (31.5%). PS cUS diagnosis preceded MRI diagnosis in 88% of preterm babies. The mean age at cUS diagnosis was 20 ± 7 days. Preterm babies were often asymptomatic, whereas term babies showed neurological symptoms (mainly seizures). The outcome was favorable as long as PS was isolated. <b>Conclusions:</b> PS is surprisingly frequent among PAIS. It represents the most common form of PAIS in preterm babies and in babies suffering from birth asphyxia. Prenatal and perinatal factors suggesting a possible thromboembolic etiology leading to PAIS are rare in our population of preterm babies, in which the diagnosis was always preceded by negative cUS. These assumptions suggest a postnatal development of PS in premature babies more than a perinatal one.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Verbal Working Memory in Post-Stroke Motor Aphasia: A Pilot Study Using the Tactual Span.","authors":"Eyal Heled, Ohad Levi, Elana Strobinsky, Gabi Zeilig","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Working memory (WM) impairment is a potential consequence of motor aphasia resulting from left-hemisphere ischemic stroke. While verbal WM has been studied extensively in this disorder, research regarding non-verbal modalities remains limited, particularly visuospatial WM, tactile WM, and the relationship between them. Additionally, language impairments limit the ability to assess WM in aphasia patients, highlighting the necessity of non-verbal diagnostic tools in clinical practice. The current study's objectives were to compare tactile and visuospatial WM in patients with post-stroke motor aphasia and to validate the one-hand version of the Tactual Span task as a clinical measure of WM. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 29 participants-14 with post-stroke motor aphasia and 15 healthy controls-completed a battery of cognitive tests, including the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test, the Visuospatial Span, the Tactual Span, and a visual 1-Back task. <b>Results</b>: There was significantly lower performance across all WM tasks in the aphasia group compared to the controls. Additionally, the Tactual Span successfully discriminated between patients and controls, showing sensitivity estimates of 92.9% and a specificity of 66.7%, with a cut-off score of 4.5 (AUC = 0.91), for the forward stage. The backward stage revealed a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 73.3%, with a cut-off score of 3.5 (AUC = 0.83). <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings may suggest that non-verbal WM impairment in post-stroke aphasia affects both visuospatial and tactile modalities similarly. Furthermore, the Tactual Span appears to be sensitive to left-hemisphere stroke damage, suggesting its potential utility as a clinical tool for WM assessment in patients with motor aphasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleftherios Archavlis, Davide Palombi, Dimitrios Konstantinidis, Mario Carvi Y Nievas, Per Trobisch, Irina I Stoyanova
{"title":"Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Severe Spinal Cord Injury and Neuroplasticity Following Decompressive Laminectomy and Expansive Duraplasty: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Eleftherios Archavlis, Davide Palombi, Dimitrios Konstantinidis, Mario Carvi Y Nievas, Per Trobisch, Irina I Stoyanova","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a debilitating condition with long-term physical and socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and therapeutic interventions such as decompressive laminectomy and expansive duraplasty is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review explores the pathophysiology of SCI and evaluates evidence linking decompressive laminectomy and duraplasty to improved neuroplasticity and recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies on decompressive surgery in SCI. Inclusion criteria were original articles investigating pathophysiology, neuroplasticity mechanisms, or surgical outcomes. Data on pathophysiological changes, molecular markers, and functional outcomes were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1240 initial articles, 43 studies were included, encompassing both animal models and human clinical data. Findings highlighted the role of inflammatory cascades, blood-spinal cord barrier disruption, and neurotrophic factor modulation in recovery. Decompressive duraplasty was associated with improved intrathecal pressure (ITP) management and neuroplasticity markers, such as BDNF and GAP-43.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review underscores the therapeutic potential of decompressive laminectomy and duraplasty in SCI. While evidence suggests benefits in promoting neuroplasticity, further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and refine interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rany Aburashed, Ansam Eghzawi, Daniel Long, Robert Pace, Ali Madha, Jeanie Cote
{"title":"Neurofilament Light Chain and Multiple Sclerosis: Building a Neurofoundational Model of Biomarkers and Diagnosis.","authors":"Rany Aburashed, Ansam Eghzawi, Daniel Long, Robert Pace, Ali Madha, Jeanie Cote","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofilament light chain (NfL), an abundant cytoskeletal protein in neurons, has emerged as a promising serum biomarker that indicates non-specific neuronal damage secondary to various neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging evidence suggests that serum NfL levels correlate with future disability, brain atrophy, predict new disease activity, and decrease in response to various disease-modifying therapies. As research continues to validate NfL's potential role in clinical practice, the need for a practical model to conceptualize and visualize its relevance to MS pathology becomes evident-not only for healthcare providers but also for patients. To address this, we propose the Neurofoundational Model (NFM), which likens a neuron to a home, with various parts of the home representing distinct regions of the central nervous system (CNS). In this model, the home (neuron) experiences scenarios such as a fire, an earthquake, and a slow flood, representing distinct MS disease states. A fire illustrates an MS relapse with good recovery, where serum NfL levels rise during the relapse and subsequently return near baseline. An earthquake represents an MS relapse with poor recovery, where NfL levels increase and remain elevated above baseline. Finally, a slow flood depicts MS in progressive stages, characterized by sustained and gradually increasing serum NfL levels without abrupt clinical changes. This approach offers a clear and relatable visualization for clinicians and patients alike, illustrating the dynamics of serum NfL levels during CNS damage caused by demyelination. By integrating this model into clinical practice, we aim to enhance understanding and communication regarding the role of NfL in MS pathology and its potential utility as a biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Clinical Features of Ischemic Stroke and miRNA Expression in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Katarzyna Prus, Konrad Rejdak, Federico Bilotta","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite significant progress in reperfusion therapy, the optimal ischemic stroke management strategy has not been developed. Recent studies demonstrate that microRNA may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and its possible potential to be a treatment target point. The proposed systematic review aimed to report the relationship between IS's clinical severity and miRNA expression. Secondary outcomes included infarct volume, systemic inflammatory markers, and prognosis, as well as additional features such as stroke subtype, comorbidity, and risk of subsequent stroke in correlation to miRNA expression. <b>Methods</b>: We have performed a systematic search of database resources according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Twenty-seven studies on a total number of 3906 patients were assessed as suitable for the present SR. Included studies analyzed the expression of 30 different miRNA fragments. <b>Results</b>: After investigating available data, we have identified a set of possible miRNA fragment candidates that may be used in stroke diagnostics and have the potential to be a base for the development of future treatment protocols. <b>Conclusions</b>: Studies included in the presented SR indicate that miRNA expression may be significantly associated with clinical severity, infarct volume, and inflammation in ischemic stroke. More prospective, properly designed protocols with consistent methods of miRNA testing and optimized clinical assessment are needed to confirm the role of miRNA expression in the course of a stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Njenga R Kamau, Michelle R Tamplin, Chu-Yu Lee, Eric D Axelson, Isabella M Grumbach, Michael S Petronek
{"title":"Combined MR Volumetry and T2* Relaxometry Reveals the Olfactory System as an Iron-Dependent Structure Affected by Radiation.","authors":"Njenga R Kamau, Michelle R Tamplin, Chu-Yu Lee, Eric D Axelson, Isabella M Grumbach, Michael S Petronek","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17040053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Radiation therapy can often lead to structural and functional changes in the brain resulting in radiation-induced brain injury. This study investigates the MRI-detectable effects of whole-brain irradiation across all neuroanatomical structures in adult mice, with a specific focus on T2* MRI measurements, to evaluate regions that may be particularly sensitive to iron accumulation. <b>Methods:</b> One year following irradiation or sham treatment, mice were imaged with a 7T MRI to evaluate changes in regional volume and T2* relaxation times across more than 652 neuroanatomical using the DSURQE mouse brain atlas. <b>Results:</b> Statistical analysis identified 301 altered regions with respect to regional volume and 85 regions with respect to T2* relaxation showing significant differences relative to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further data refinement, including the consolidation of redundant, bi-lateral structures revealed 18 subregions with significant changes in both volume and T2*. The data refinement revealed that the most represented system was the olfactory system (8/18 regions, 44%). The olfactory regions also showed the most pronounced changes and greatest correlation between the two metrics. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings are suggestive that ionizing radiation may cause a pronounced disruption in the olfactory system that coincides with potential iron accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Research and Clinical Practice in Treatment Strategies and Mechanisms of Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Sonu M M Bhaskar","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a formidable global health challenge, with approximately 11 [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niels Alexander Foit, Karin Gau, Alexander Rau, Horst Urbach, Jürgen Beck, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
{"title":"Linking Memory Impairment to Structural Connectivity in Extrahippocampal Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery.","authors":"Niels Alexander Foit, Karin Gau, Alexander Rau, Horst Urbach, Jürgen Beck, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17040052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) constitutes the most common drug-refractory epilepsy syndrome. Tailored approaches are required, as TLE originates from extrahippocampal lesions in about one-quarter of surgical candidates. Despite high success rates in seizure control, concern persists regarding postoperative memory decline after lesionectomy. We investigated the associations between structural connectivity and postoperative memory performance in extrahippocampal TLE surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 55 patients (25 females, 30 males; mean age 29.8 ± 14.5 years; epilepsy duration 7.9 ± 10.5 years, 31 left, 24 right TLE) with extrahippocampal TLE undergoing hippocampal-sparing surgery were evaluated with standardized pre- and postoperative neuropsychological testing. Lesion volumes intersected with Human Connectome Project-derived tractography data were employed to assess the structural connectivity integrity via voxel-based and connectome-informed lesion-symptom mapping to identify cortical and white matter structures associated with cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-surgery, the widespread structural disconnection of several major white matter pathways was found, correlating with verbal memory and delayed recall. Additionally, the structural disconnection of the ipsilateral temporal lobe white matter was further associated with hippocampal atrophy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the role of structural connectivity alterations in postoperative memory decline in extrahippocampal TLE surgery. These findings expand the traditional understanding of hippocampal integrity in memory function towards the importance of broader structural networks. Individualized, connectome-informed surgical approaches might protect neurocognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}