Neurology International最新文献

{"title":"Mortality Predictors for Adult Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review.","authors":"Ansam Eghzawi, Alameen Alsabbah, Shatha Gharaibeh, Iktimal Alwan, Abeer Gharaibeh, Anita V. Goyal","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16020030","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) represent a significant public health concern, with mild-to-moderate cases comprising a substantial portion of incidents. Understanding the predictors of mortality among adult patients with mild-to-moderate TBIs is crucial for optimizing clinical management and improving outcomes. This literature review examines the existing research to identify and analyze the mortality predictors in this patient population. Through a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles and clinical studies, key prognostic factors, such as age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, the presence of intracranial hemorrhage, pupillary reactivity, and coexisting medical conditions, are explored. Additionally, this review investigates the role of advanced imaging modalities, biomarkers, and scoring systems in predicting mortality following a mild-to-moderate TBI. By synthesizing the findings from diverse studies, this review aims to provide clinicians and researchers with valuable insights into the factors influencing mortality outcomes in adult patients with a mild-to-moderate TBI, thus facilitating more informed decision making and targeted interventions in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Ocrelizumab within Different Treatment Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis: A 5-Year Population-Based Study.","authors":"Marcello Moccia, Giuseppina Affinito, Giuseppina Marrazzo, Tiziana Ciarambino, Paolo Di Procolo, Licia Confalonieri, Antonio Carotenuto, Maria Petracca, Roberta Lanzillo, Maria Triassi, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Raffaele Palladino","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16020029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aim to provide up-to-date real-world evidence on the persistence, adherence, healthcare resource utilization, and costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing ocrelizumab to other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and within different DMT sequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 3371 people with MS who first received or switched DMT prescriptions from January 2018 to December 2022; they were identified through hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, and exemption codes from the Campania Region (South Italy). We calculated persistence (time from the first prescription to discontinuation or switching to another DMT), adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)), DMT costs, and MS hospital admissions and related costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequently prescribed DMT was dimethyl fumarate (n = 815; age 38.90 ± 11.91 years; 69.5% females), followed by ocrelizumab (n = 682; age 46.46 ± 11.29 years; 56.3%); 28.8% of the patients treated with ocrelizumab were naïve to DMTs. Using ocrelizumab as a statistical reference, the risk of discontinuation was higher for other highly active (HR = 6.32; 95%CI = 3.16, 12.63; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (HR = 10.10; 95%CI = 5.10, 19.77; <i>p</i> < 0.01); adherence was lower for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = -0.07; 95%CI = -0.10, -0.04; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (Coeff = -0.16; 95%CI = -0.19, -0.14; <i>p</i> < 0.01). monthly DMT costs were higher for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 77.45; 95%CI = 29.36, 125.53; <i>p</i> < 0.01) but lower for low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (Coeff = -772.31; 95%CI = -816.95, -727.66; <i>p</i> < 0.01). The hospital admissions and related costs of MS were similar between ocrelizumab, other highly active DMTs, and other low-/medium-efficacy DMTs, and with ocrelizumab as the first-line DMT after other highly active DMTs and after low-/medium-efficacy DMTs, which was possibly due to the low number of observations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From 2018 to 2022, ocrelizumab was among the most frequently prescribed DMTs, with 28.8% prescriptions to incident MS patients, confirming its relevance in clinical practice. Ocrelizumab was associated with the highest persistence and adherence, pointing towards its favorable benefit-risk profile. The costs of ocrelizumab were lower than those of other highly active DMTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11054722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Post-Viral Fatigue: The Basal Ganglia’s Complex Role in Long-COVID","authors":"T. Rudroff","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16020028","url":null,"abstract":"Long-COVID afflicts millions with relentless fatigue, disrupting daily life. The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize current evidence on the role of the basal ganglia in long-COVID fatigue, discuss potential mechanisms, and highlight promising therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Mounting evidence from PET, MRI, and functional connectivity data reveals basal ganglia disturbances in long-COVID exhaustion, including inflammation, metabolic disruption, volume changes, and network alterations focused on striatal dopamine circuitry regulating motivation. Theories suggest inflammation-induced signaling disturbances could impede effort/reward valuation, disrupt cortical–subcortical motivational pathways, or diminish excitatory input to arousal centers, attenuating drive initiation. Recent therapeutic pilots targeting basal ganglia abnormalities show provisional efficacy. However, heterogeneous outcomes, inconsistent metrics, and perceived versus objective fatigue discrepancies temper insights. Despite the growing research, gaps remain in understanding the precise pathways linking basal ganglia dysfunction to fatigue and validating treatment efficacy. Further research is needed to advance understanding of the basal ganglia’s contribution to long-COVID neurological sequelae and offer hope for improving function across the expanding affected population.","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperglycaemia Aggravates Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Schwann Cell Death via Hyperactivation of Toll-like Receptor 4.","authors":"Wataru Nihei, Ayako Kato, Tatsuhito Himeno, Masaki Kondo, Jiro Nakamura, Hideki Kamiya, Kazunori Sango, Koichi Kato","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16020027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased low-density lipoprotein levels are risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated metabolic stress, leading to oxidised low-density lipoprotein formation. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy in diabetes complicated by dyslipidaemia with increased levels of oxidised low-density lipoprotein. Here, we examined the effects of hyperglycaemia and oxidised low-density lipoprotein treatment on Schwann cell death and its underlying mechanisms. Immortalised mouse Schwann cells were treated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein under normo- or hyperglycaemic conditions. We observed that oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced cell death increased under hyperglycaemic conditions compared with normoglycaemic conditions. Moreover, hyperglycaemia and oxidised low-density lipoprotein treatment synergistically upregulated the gene and protein expression of toll-like receptor 4. Pre-treatment with TAK-242, a selective toll-like receptor 4 signalling inhibitor, attenuated hyperglycaemia- and oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced cell death and apoptotic caspase-3 pathway. Our findings suggest that the hyperactivation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling by hyperglycaemia and elevated oxidised low-density lipoprotein levels synergistically exacerbated diabetic neuropathy; thus, it can be a potential therapeutic target for diabetic neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Headache Disorders: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Leonidas Mantonakis, Ioanna Belesioti, Christina I Deligianni, Vasilis Natsis, Euthimia Mitropoulou, Elina Kasioti, Maria Lypiridou, Dimos D Mitsikostas","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16020026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Headache disorders have been associated with anxiety and depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression in a large sample of individuals with different headache disorders (HDs) in order to determine whether their frequency differs by headache type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive individuals with headache attending a headache outpatient clinic were interviewed with the HAM-D and HAM-A, along with age, sex, and education matched non-headache individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals numbering 2673 with headache (females 71.2%) and 464 non-headache individuals (females 70.9%) were interviewed (with participation rates of 98.3% and 91.0%, respectively). Migraine was diagnosed in 49.7%, tension-type headache in 38%, cluster headache 5.2%, and medication overuse (MO) in 21.8%. Participants with HD scored more in HAM-A (OR = 4.741, CI95%: 3.855-5.831, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and HAM-D scales (OR = 2.319, CI95%: 1.892-2.842, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than non-headache individuals. Participants with chronic HDs (≥15 days with headache for ≥3 consecutive months; 52.5%) scored higher for both HAM-A (OR = 1.944, CI95%: 1.640-2.303, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and HAM-D (OR = 1.625, CI95%: 1.359-1.944, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than those with episodic HDs (33.1%), as did participants with MO vs. participants without MO (OR = 3.418, CI95%: 2.655-4.399, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for HAM-A, OR = 3.043, CI95%: 2.322-3.986, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for HAM-D). Female and low-educated participants scored higher on both scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Because symptoms of anxiety and depression are substantial in people with HD, the treating physicians should look out for such symptoms and manage them appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Radiofrequency for Auriculotemporal Neuralgia: A Case Report.","authors":"Yan Tereshko, Enrico Belgrado, Christian Lettieri, Simone Dal Bello, Giovanni Merlino, Gian Luigi Gigli, Mariarosaria Valente","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16020025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auriculotemporal neuralgia is a rare facial pain disorder with no therapeutic evidence for refractory cases. We described a male patient with right auriculotemporal neuralgia, refractory to anesthetic nerve blocks and botulinum toxin type A injections, who was successfully treated with pulsed radiofrequency without adverse events. Pulsed radiofrequency may be an effective and safe treatment for refractory auriculotemporal neuralgia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Evidence of Golgi Stress Signaling for Neuropathies.","authors":"Remina Shirai, Junji Yamauchi","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16020024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Golgi apparatus is an intracellular organelle that modifies cargo, which is transported extracellularly through the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane in order. First, the general function of the Golgi is reviewed and, then, Golgi stress signaling is discussed. In addition to the six main Golgi signaling pathways, two pathways that have been increasingly reported in recent years are described in this review. The focus then shifts to neurological disorders, examining Golgi stress reported in major neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The review also encompasses findings related to other diseases, including hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, frontotemporal spectrum disorder/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, microcephaly, Wilson's disease, and prion disease. Most of these neurological disorders cause Golgi fragmentation and Golgi stress. As a result, strong signals may act to induce apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Intracerebral Haematomas Due to Amyloid Angyopathy after Lyodura Transplantation in Childhood.","authors":"Maša Fabjan, Ana Jurečič, Miha Jerala, Janja Pretnar Oblak, Senta Frol","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16020023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of published cases of presumed iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (iCAA) due to the transmission of amyloid β during neurosurgery is slowly rising. One of the potential ways of transmission is through a cadaveric dura mater graft (LYODURA) exposure during neurosurgery. This is a case of a 46-year-old female patient with no chronic conditions who presented with recurrent intracerebral haemorrhages (ICHs) without underlying vessel pathology. Four decades prior, the patient had a neurosurgical procedure with documented LYODURA transplantation. Brain biopsy confirmed CAA. This is a rare case of histologically proven iCAA after a documented LYODURA transplantation in childhood. Our case and already published iCAA cases emphasize the need for considering neurosurgery procedure history as important data in patients who present with ICH possibly related to CAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visuo-Attentional and Phonological Deficits Explored in French Students with Dyslexia: Eye Movements Recorded during a Phonological Lexical Decision Task","authors":"Aikaterini Premeti, Frédéric Isel, Maria Pia Bucci","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16020022","url":null,"abstract":"Whether dyslexia is caused by phonological or attentional dysfunction remains a widely debated issue. To enrich this debate, we compared the eye movements of 32 French university students with (14 students) and without (18 students) dyslexia while performing a delayed phonological lexical decision task on 300 visually presented stimuli. The processing stimuli involved either a lexical (i.e., words) or a non-lexical route relying on a grapheme-phoneme correspondence (pseudohomophones and pseudowords), while other stimuli involved only a visual search (consonant and symbol sequences). We recorded the number of fixations, the duration of the first fixation and the amplitude of saccades made on the stimuli. Compared to the controls, the participants with dyslexia made more fixations while reading regardless of the type of stimulus (lexical and non-lexical). Crucially, the participants with dyslexia exhibited longer first fixations in particular while reading phonologically challenging stimuli such as pseudohomophones and pseudowords compared to stimuli involving a simple visual search (consonants, symbols). Taken together, these results suggest that both visual and phonological impairments may be implicated in dyslexia, supporting the hypothesis that dyslexia is a multifactorial deficit.","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Anterior Choroidal Artery Territory Infarction: A Case Series Report.","authors":"Antonia Tsika, Polyxeni Stamati, Zisis Tsouris, Antonios Provatas, Alexandra Papa, Dimitrios Tsimoulis, Stylliani Ralli, Vasileios Siokas, Efthimios Dardiotis","doi":"10.3390/neurolint16020020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint16020020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA), ischemic strokes are described with the classic clinical triad, namely hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and homonymous hemianopsia. The aim of this study is to document the characteristic clinical presentation and course of AChA infract cases. We describe five cases with acute infarction in the distribution of the AChA, admitted to the Neurological Department of the University General Hospital of Larissa. Results: All cases presented with hemiparesis and lower facial nerve palsy, while four of them had dysarthria, and two patients exhibited ataxia. Two cases underwent intravenous thrombolysis. A notable feature was the worsening of the clinical course, specifically the exacerbation of upper limb weakness within 48 h. Stabilization occurred after the third day, with the final development of a more severe clinical presentation than the initial one. Additionally, muscle weakness was more severe in the upper limb than in the lower limb. The recovery of upper limb function was poor in the three-month follow-up for the four cases. While vascular brain episodes are characterized by sudden onset, in AChA infraction, the clinical onset can be gradually developed over a few days, with a greater burden on the upper limb and poorer recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}