Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology最新文献_第3页

Testing strategies in behavioral teratology: III. Microanalysis of behavior. 行为畸形学的检测策略:三。行为的微观分析。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

J Elsner

{"title":"Testing strategies in behavioral teratology: III. Microanalysis of behavior.","authors":"J Elsner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"After having been tested in a standard behavioral teratology test battery, as reported in Part I of this study, a random sample of male offspring of rat dams exposed to methylmercury starting two weeks prior to pairing until weaning were further tested in a wheel-shaped activity monitor and in an operant conditioning paradigm (spatial alternation discrete trial acquisition). In the activity monitor a non-significant increase in locomotor activity, a significant interaction between locomotion and radial activity monitor compartments and a significant increase in stereotyped locomotion was observed. While the preliminary training phases of operant conditioning showed only weak effects due to methylmercury, strong and highly significant increases of the number of unresponded trials and of the response latency, as well as of the session to session variation of these measures were detected during the spatial alternation schedule. A microanalysis of this observation revealed that the number of unresponded trials and its instability were affected in essence due to an increased number of response pauses, and to a lesser degree to an increased length of these pauses. In addition, short attention spans (number of trials responded between two pauses) were about four times more frequent in treated animals. The distributions of both response latency and duration were shifted significantly to longer values. These observations are interpreted as an indication of a reduced attention and behavioral stability, induced by the schedule challenge. This interpretation is compared with the signs of minimal brain dysfunction in school-children.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 5","pages":"573-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14903258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing strategies in behavioral teratology: IV. Review and general conclusions. 行为畸形学的检测策略:IV.综述和一般结论。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

J Elsner, K E Suter, B Ulbrich, G Schreiner

{"title":"Testing strategies in behavioral teratology: IV. Review and general conclusions.","authors":"J Elsner, K E Suter, B Ulbrich, G Schreiner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Three laboratories collaborated to evaluate and compare different test concepts to be used for routine testing in behavioral teratology. Rat dams were treated orally with methylmercury starting two weeks prior to pairing until weaning of their offspring. In the first laboratory, the usual reproduction parameters were assessed in the dams, and all offspring (96-103 per group) were subjected to a routine developmental and behavioral test battery. After termination of the tests a random selection of these animals was further tested by multiparametric automated techniques in the other two laboratories. In one of these laboratories 12-13 males and females per group (one of each per litter) were tested in a visual discrimination reversal schedule, using nose-poking as operand. In the other laboratory the free behavioral of eight randomly selected males per dose group was studied in a wheel-shaped activity monitor with respect to locomotion magnitude and structure. In the same laboratory eight other males per group were trained in a discrete trial spatial alternation schedule, using lever press as operand. Both the developmental and behavioral testing battery as well as the automated techniques showed some significant effects in the offspring even at the low dose, where no reproduction effects had been noted. However, whereas the testing battery results were of unspecific nature, results of the automated techniques gave precise and specific information. In order to obtain optimal information, it is proposed to combine both approaches for routine testing. This combination could be achieved by using a balanced testing battery in young pups followed by an appropriate operant conditioning schedule in selected young adults.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 5","pages":"585-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14904040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral and endocrinological effects of single injections of monosodium glutamate in the mouse. 单次注射谷氨酸钠对小鼠行为和内分泌的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

J F Lorden, A Caudle

{"title":"Behavioral and endocrinological effects of single injections of monosodium glutamate in the mouse.","authors":"J F Lorden, A Caudle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of neonatal mice with large, repeated doses of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) produces a syndrome of obesity and endocrinological dysfunction generally attributed to a hypothalamic lesion. We have used single injections of MSG, administered on postnatal day four, to explore the lower end of the dose-response curve for this toxin. Major features of the MSG syndrome including hypophagia, obesity, hypoactivity, reduced pituitary protein content, decreased ovarian weight, delayed puberty and elevated plasma corticosterone levels were obtained at the highest dose. Of the variables measured, feeding disturbances and reduced pituitary and ovarian weights were the most sensitive indicators of damage. The extent of damage produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus increased with increasing dose. A prominent lesion was also detected in the medial preoptic area of animals receiving the highest dose. Damage was not evident in other diencephalic structures associated with body weight regulation. Since little is known about the mechanisms underlying MSG obesity, a second study examined the contribution of ovarian hormones to obesity in MSG treated mice. Ovariectomy increased the body weights of animals injected with low but not high doses of MSG, suggesting that a reduction in ovarian function may contribute to the MSG obesity syndrome in the female. Measurement of hypothalamic monoamines and metabolites in these mice indicated that as with repeated doses of MSG, single injections of the toxin reduced hypothalamic dopamine levels. DOPAC levels were unchanged.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 5","pages":"509-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14902366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prenatal exposure to diazepam: late postnatal teratogenic effect. 产前接触地西泮:产后晚期致畸作用。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

G T Livezey, T J Marczynski, E A McGrew, F Z Beluhan

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to diazepam: late postnatal teratogenic effect.","authors":"G T Livezey, T J Marczynski, E A McGrew, F Z Beluhan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"During the last 5 days of gestation, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated daily with SC diazepam (DZ) injections (average dose 6 mg/kg of body weight). The control pregnant rats were treated with corresponding volumes of the vehicle. The progenies were examined for the occurrence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions for up to 20 months. Although there were no early postnatal effects of DZ, 13 neoplasms developed in the 52 DZ-exposed rats (12 mammary fibroadenomas and one uterine sarcoma), while there were not such lesions in 44 control rats (p less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test). The non-neoplastic lesions in the DZ-exposed group, such as infections, arteriosclerosis etc., were also significantly greater in magnitude and incidence, compared to control animals (p = 0.007, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test). Also, the DZ-exposed rats had a significantly lower titre of the plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG), higher levels of white blood cells and lower hematocrit values than the control animals. DZ is known to bind with high affinity to both central nervous system and non-neuronal receptors present in peripheral organs and blood cells, such as monocytes. The monocyte receptors appear to be critical for chemotaxis induced by many agents affecting the normal function of the immune system including antineoplastic defense. We have previously shown that prenatal DZ suppresses ontogenesis of brain benzodiazepine receptors as tested in adult 12 months old cat and rat progenies. If the ontogenesis of \"peripheral\" receptors is also suppressed, this would provide a plausible explanation for teratogenic effect of DZ.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 5","pages":"433-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14904477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral effects of erythrosine following light exposure. 红蛋白对光照后行为的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

W D Galloway, K M Olvey, N T Brown

引用次数: 0

Effects of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers on the acquisition of kindled seizures. 六氯环己烷异构体对点燃性癫痫发作的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

L G Stark, T E Albertson, R M Joy

{"title":"Effects of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers on the acquisition of kindled seizures.","authors":"L G Stark, T E Albertson, R M Joy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of three isomers (alpha, beta, gamma) of hexachlorocyclohexane on the acquisition and expression of kindled amygdaloid seizures were compared. Treatment with corn oil (vehicle) was compared with daily 5 mg/kg doses of the isomers for 15 days during kindling procedures. The results confirmed the proconvulsant action previously described for the gamma-HCH isomer (lindane). Alpha-HCH did not produce significant effects. Rats treated with beta-HCH exhibited delayed rates of kindling acquisition and less severe seizures. Exposure to beta-HCH (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) daily produced a dose-dependent decrease in the rate of kindling acquisition, seizure severity and afterdischarge duration. The differences were still manifest during an additional 20 kindling trials after beta-HCH administration had stopped. It is concluded that significant differences exist among the isomers of HCH with respect to their effects on the mammalian central nervous system and their effect in the kindling model of epilepsy. The availability of stereoisomers possessing different actions on kindling should make these compounds useful for discriminating between non-specific changes induced in membranes or at binding sites and specific changes correlated with proconvulsant or anticonvulsant effects in the kindling model.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 5","pages":"487-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13579806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental and longterm neurobehavioral toxicity of low level in-utero cadmium exposure in rats. 低水平子宫内镉暴露对大鼠的发育和长期神经行为毒性。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

M M Ali, R C Murthy, S V Chandra

引用次数: 0

Effects of trimethyltin and triethyltin on lever pressing, water drinking and running in an activity wheel: associated neuropathology. 三甲基锡和三乙基锡对杠杆按压、饮水和在活动轮中跑步的影响:相关神经病理学。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

D E McMillan, L W Chang, S O Idemudia, G R Wenger

引用次数: 0

Saccharin preference in animals prenatally exposed to alcohol: no evidence of altered sexual dimorphism. 胎儿暴露于酒精的动物对糖精的偏好:没有证据表明性别二态性改变。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

E L Abel, B A Dintcheff

引用次数: 0

The effects of inhaled toluene, halothane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and ethanol on fixed-interval responding in mice. 吸入甲苯、氟烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷和乙醇对小鼠固定间隔反应的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-09-01

V C Moser, R L Balster

{"title":"The effects of inhaled toluene, halothane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and ethanol on fixed-interval responding in mice.","authors":"V C Moser, R L Balster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Adult male mice were trained to lever press under a fixed-interval (FI) 60-sec schedule for milk presentation during 15-min sessions. Concentration-effect curves were then determined at the termination of 30-min inhalation exposures to various volatile agents--halothane, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE), and ethanol. The mice were also tested after ethanol administered orally. Each compound produced both response rate increases and decreases, initially or during the recovery phase. Recovery from the response rate decreasing effects generally occurred during the 15-min sessions. The highest concentration of toluene and the high dose of oral ethanol produced the longest duration of effects. Response rates in the first 3 min of the session were used to evaluate peak effects following inhalation. Linear regression analyses of these data indicated the potency order to be toluene greater than halothane greater than 1,1,1-TCE greater than ethanol. Patterning of responding characteristics of FI performance was affected after high concentrations of all but ethanol vapor. This study provided evidence that the effects of two industrial solvents, toluene and 1,1,1-TCE, were qualitatively similar to those of two volatile CNS depressants, halothane and ethanol, as well as to those reported for other centrally-acting drugs.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 5","pages":"525-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14902369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0