Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology最新文献_第10页

Postnatal neurobehavioral development in rats exposed in utero to caffeine. 在子宫内暴露于咖啡因的大鼠的产后神经行为发育。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

G L West, T J Sobotka, R E Brodie, J M Beier, M W O'Donnell

{"title":"Postnatal neurobehavioral development in rats exposed in utero to caffeine.","authors":"G L West, T J Sobotka, R E Brodie, J M Beier, M W O'Donnell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Potential behavioral and teratogenic effects of caffeine were studied in Charles River CD albino rats. Caffeine in distilled water was given by gavage to pregnant rats (dams) at doses of 5, 25, 50 or 75 mg/kg on Days 3-19 of gestation. Concurrent controls received distilled water gavage (10 ml/kg) on the same days. Dams were allowed to deliver normally. Physical and behavioral observations were made on dams during gestation and lactation and on F1 offspring through 9 weeks of age. Caffeine decreased body weights and food intake and increased water intake in gestating dams but these effects dissipated during lactation. Spontaneous locomotor activity (PAC) and open field (OF) were increased immediately after caffeine gavage but not before. Parturition was slightly delayed. With analyses of data based on individual pups the following effects were noted. Pre- and post-weaning offspring body weights were decreased in females at 50 and 75 mg/kg and in males at 75 mg/kg. Incisor eruption was delayed in females at 5, 50 and 75 mg/kg and in males at all doses. Auditory startle developed earlier in the 5 mg/kg dose group but was delayed at 75 mg/kg for males only. Eye opening was delayed in both sexes at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg. In females, vaginal opening was delayed at 5, 25 and 75 mg/kg and 9-week ovary weights were increased at 75 mg/kg. In postweaning males, food intake was decreased and water intake was increased with increasing dose. In males, PAC was decreased at 75 mg/kg only on Day 12. At 7 weeks of age, step-down passive avoidance was decreased at 5 and 25 mg/kg but increased at 50 and 75 mg/kg, and at 8 weeks of age, shuttlebox active avoidance was decreased with increasing dose. Maternal and offspring behaviors were only weakly correlated. Correction for litter effect in developmental data yielded fewer significant results and only at 50 and 75 mg/kg. The issue of whether it is always appropriate to correct for \"litter effect\" is discussed.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 1","pages":"29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14822855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute and sub-acute effects of deltamethrin and chlordimeform on schedule-controlled responding in the mouse. 溴氰菊酯和氯甲脒对小鼠时间表控制反应的急性和亚急性影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

J R Glowa

{"title":"Acute and sub-acute effects of deltamethrin and chlordimeform on schedule-controlled responding in the mouse.","authors":"J R Glowa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of deltamethrin (0.03-3 mg/kg) and chlordimeform (0.3-56 mg/kg) were examined on schedule-controlled responding in the mouse. The response (interruption of a photocell beam) was maintained under a fixed-interval (FI) 60-sec schedule of milk delivery. Acute doses of deltamethrin larger than 0.1 mg/kg decreased responding in a dose-related manner. The ED50 was approximately 1 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg abolished responding. Repeated administration of 3 mg/kg (once daily for 10 days) did not result in a change in the rate-decreasing effects of that dose; however, daily (pre-injection) control response rates decreased about 50%. When dosing was discontinued, rates of responding failed to completely return to pre-drug control levels. Acute doses of chlordimeform larger than 10 mg/kg decreased responding in all mice, but in mice not previously receiving drugs lower doses had a greater rate-decreasing effect. The ED50 was between 10-30 mg/kg; 56 mg/kg abolished responding. Repeated administration of 3 and 10 mg/kg had little effect. Repeated administration of 30 and 56 mg/kg abolished daily (pre-injection) control performances completely after 5-6 days. Responding gradually returned to control levels after dosing was discontinued. The behavioral toxicity of both chlordimeform and deltamethrin was augmented by repeated administration.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14822739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toluene-induced ototoxicity by subcutaneous administration. 甲苯皮下给药所致耳毒性。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

G T Pryor, R A Howd

{"title":"Toluene-induced ototoxicity by subcutaneous administration.","authors":"G T Pryor, R A Howd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalation exposure of rats to toluene causes irreversible hearing loss (e.g., Pryor et al.). To determine whether noise emanating from the inhalation system was a major contributing factor and whether exposure by a noninhalation route would cause a similar effect, weanling, male Fischer-344 rats were injected SC twice daily in a quiet environment with PEG-300 (control) or with 1.5 or 1.7 g/kg of toluene for 7 days. After being trained to perform a multisensory conditioned avoidance response (CAR) task, tone intensity-response functions were generated at 4, 8, 12, and 20 kHz, and behavioral auditory response thresholds were estimated. Toluene caused a dose-related hearing loss at frequencies of 8 kHz and above, with no effect on performance of the CAR in response to light, nonaversive footshock, or the 4-kHz tone. The similarity of this effect to that observed following inhalation exposure indicates that noise is not a major factor in the toluene-induced hearing loss, although possible interactions between noise and toluene remain to be investigated. These results also demonstrate that direct penetration of the toluene vapors through the external ear structure, as might occur during inhalation exposure, is not a necessary condition for inducing the hearing loss.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 1","pages":"103-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14822071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral effects of 0 and 0.05% blood alcohol in male volunteers. 0和0.05%血液酒精对男性志愿者行为的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

S J Baker, G J Chrzan, C N Park, J H Saunders

引用次数: 0

Effects of short-term prenatal alcohol exposure on maze, activity, and olfactory orientation performance in rats. 短期产前酒精暴露对大鼠迷宫、活动和嗅觉定向表现的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

C V Vorhees, K Fernandez

引用次数: 0

The effects of postnatal lead toxicity on the development of cerebellum in rats. 出生后铅中毒对大鼠小脑发育的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

D Lorton, W J Anderson

{"title":"The effects of postnatal lead toxicity on the development of cerebellum in rats.","authors":"D Lorton, W J Anderson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Long-Evans hooded rat pups were given 600 mg/kg body weight lead acetate every 24 hours via stomach intubation beginning one day after birth until an accumulative dose of 2400 mg/kg was administered. The body weights of the lead treated rat pups at 10 and 30 days of age were not significantly decreased when compared to controls. The brain weights at 10 and 30 days of age in the lead exposed rats was significantly greater than those of the control rats. Blood lead levels averaged 526.35 micrograms/dl at 10 days of age in lead treated rats and 0.079 microgram/dl in controls. Quantitative histological examination and Golgi analysis of the cerebellum revealed a number of alterations in the lead treated rats. Lead exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the molecular layer width (72%). The granule cell density was depressed in the lead exposed rats, despite the observation that the granule cell layer width did not differ significantly in the two groups. This suggests that the granule cell packing in this layer was decreased. The Golgi study revealed a reduction in the dendritic arborization of these cells in the treated rats at 30 days of age. There was a 20% reduction in height and a 14% reduction in width in the Purkinje cells dendrites of the lead exposed rats when compared to Purkinje cells of age matched controls. Estimation of the amount of dendritic material by the Scholl method revealed a 40% decrease in the dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells following lead exposure.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 1","pages":"51-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14822857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a developmental swimming test using Swiss Webster mice perinatally treated with methimazole. 用瑞士韦氏鼠围生期用甲巯咪唑治疗的发育性游泳试验的验证。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

S A Rice, D P Millan

引用次数: 0

Ethanol neurotoxicity. 1. Direct effects on replicating astrocytes. 乙醇神经毒性。1. 对星形胶质细胞复制的直接影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

L A Kennedy, S Mukerji

{"title":"Ethanol neurotoxicity. 1. Direct effects on replicating astrocytes.","authors":"L A Kennedy, S Mukerji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to investigate the direct effects of ethanol on the DNA, RNA and protein content of rapidly growing astroglia. Astrocyte progenitor cells obtained from the neopallia of newborn mice were grown for 6 days in primary culture and then exposed continuously to ethanol (0.0, 0.06, 0.12 or 0.24 g/dl) for 11 days. The in vitro exposure period corresponds to the period of peak astroglial replication and growth in the mouse brain growth spurt in situ (postnatal days 6 to 17). DNA, RNA and protein contents were all significantly different in ethanol-exposed astroglial cultures compared to controls (p less than 0.0005) and there was an unexpected, but highly consistent, concentration-related pattern to this effect, namely, an increased content relative to controls at the lowest ethanol concentration, and a progressive decrease in content with increasing ethanol concentrations. Our data indicate that different cell processes contributing to growth are more vulnerable to ethanol's toxicity than others. RNA and protein contents are reduced to a greater degree and at lower ethanol concentrations than is DNA content. The \"growth-promoting\" effect seen in these in vitro studies emphasizes the fact that factors which are secondary to alcohol consumption contribute significantly to the alcohol-related brain growth deficits which are seen in vivo. Ethanol acting alone appears to exert a \"growth-impairing\" effect only at high concentrations.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 1","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13569505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of area postrema lesions on taste aversions produced by treatment with WR-2721 in the rat. 区域残损对WR-2721对大鼠味觉厌恶的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

B M Rabin, W A Hunt, J Lee

引用次数: 0

Ethanol neurotoxicity. 2. Direct effects on differentiating astrocytes. 乙醇神经毒性。2. 对星形胶质细胞分化的直接影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-01-01

L A Kennedy, S Mukerji

{"title":"Ethanol neurotoxicity. 2. Direct effects on differentiating astrocytes.","authors":"L A Kennedy, S Mukerji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous investigation, we demonstrated altered patterns of growth, as indicated by RNA, DNA and protein contents, in rapidly growing astrocytes exposed to ethanol in primary culture. The present experiments were conducted to investigate the direct effects of ethanol on the differentiation of astrocytes as reflected in the activity of the astrocyte-specific enzyme, glutamine synthetase (Glu-S). Astroblasts obtained from the newborn mouse neopallium were continuously exposed to ethanol (0.0, 11.0, 22.3 or 44.5 mM) in primary cultures for 4, 11 or 18 days during the peak period of cell growth and differentiation. As seen previously, the lowest ethanol concentration (0.06 g/dl) had a \"growth-promoting\" effect on astroglia, reflected in an increase in protein content in ethanol-exposed cultures compared to controls. At higher concentrations (0.12 and 0.24 g/dl), there was a progressive \"growth-impairing\" effect. In contrast, the specific activity of Glu-S was reduced at all ethanol concentrations compared to controls in a concentration-dependent manner. By increasing the duration of exposure to ethanol, the effects on both protein content and Glu-S activity became more pronounced. It appears, however, that the timing of exposure relative to critical events in astrogliogenesis is a more important determinant of ethanol's toxicity than is duration of exposure. Derangements in astrocyte growth and differentiation may be major contributors to the pathogenesis of brain abnormalities in the fetal alcohol syndrome.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14007953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0