Neurobiology of Learning and Memory最新文献_第3页

Analysis of neural plasticity genes’ expression in fish brain reveals the basis of individual differences in learning 对鱼脑神经可塑性基因表达的分析揭示了个体学习差异的基础。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108106

Elia Gatto , Elisa Samorì , Elena Frigato , Cristiano Bertolucci , Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato

{"title":"Analysis of neural plasticity genes’ expression in fish brain reveals the basis of individual differences in learning","authors":"Elia Gatto , Elisa Samorì , Elena Frigato , Cristiano Bertolucci , Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual differences in cognition have been historically recognized in humans, and recent evidence suggests that such variation is widespread across the animal kingdom. Despite its importance for individuals’ behaviour and fitness, the biological roots of cognitive variation remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that variation in brain gene expression is important in determining individual cognitive differences. To test this, we focused on 6 neural plasticity genes and examined fish, which exhibit the largest cognitive variation reported for vertebrates. Zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) exposed to visual discrimination tasks showed substantial variation in their performance, with some learning over 7 times faster than others. Expression of two genes positively predicted learning performance. However, expression levels of most genes were related at the individual level, suggesting that multi-gene expression patterns may be more relevant than single gene variation. Principal component analysis identified two axes of multi-gene expression variation: the first loaded by all genes except neurotrophin <em>bdnf</em>, the second mainly loaded by <em>bdnf</em> and <em>neurod1</em> expression. Only the latter component significantly predicted learning performance in a visual discrimination task, indicating that individual variation in <em>bdnf</em> expression and with lesser extend <em>neurod1</em> are critical for learning. Our study bridges the gap between cognitive differences and molecular mechanisms underlying brain function, providing foundation for new understanding what makes individual unique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a multi-dimensional understanding of brain states 对大脑状态的多维理解

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108110

Tomomi Karigo , Adam S. Charles

{"title":"Towards a multi-dimensional understanding of brain states","authors":"Tomomi Karigo , Adam S. Charles","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animals continuously adapt their behaviors to navigate diverse and dynamic environments effectively. Such behavioral flexibility emerges from internal states that modulate responses to environmental stimuli. Traditionally, these states have been studied individually and treated as discrete, categorical variables. However, recent advances in neural recording and behavioral analyses now enable quantitative extraction of states directly from data, and emerging evidence indicates that animals simultaneously experience multiple, often interacting, internal states that dynamically modulate neural activity and behavior. In this review, we propose a multi-dimensional framework for understanding brain states as modulators that influence the relationship between the environment, neural activity, and behavior. We highlight recent neurobiological studies demonstrating how interacting physiological and emotional states, such as hunger and aggression, can reconfigure behavior through circuit-level integration. Additionally, we discuss evidence from large-scale neural recordings showing distributed and graded representations of internal states across the brain. Computational models, particularly those utilizing unsupervised clustering and dynamical systems, further enable the investigation of these flexible, context-dependent state interactions. Finally, we propose further integration of high-resolution brain-wide recording and computational modeling approaches to understand how multiple internal states integrate to shape neural coding and behavior. Such integrative approaches are critical for uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying flexible and adaptive behaviors in naturalistic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms for punishment learning and decision-making: A special issue 惩罚学习和决策机制：专题。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108108

Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel

引用次数: 0

Modelling Pavlovian biases in depressed and healthy young adults 对抑郁和健康年轻人的巴甫洛夫偏见建模。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108092

Jake R. Embrey , Kelly G. Garner , Julyani Salim , Poppy Watson

{"title":"Modelling Pavlovian biases in depressed and healthy young adults","authors":"Jake R. Embrey , Kelly G. Garner , Julyani Salim , Poppy Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pavlovian stimuli signalling potential punishment and reward have powerful effects on instrumental behaviours. For example, a cue associated with punishment will suppress well-learned instrumental responses. However, the degree to which Pavlovian stimuli interfere with the <em>learning</em> of instrumental responses is less well studied. In the current set of studies we investigated the effect of Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental learning and the extent to which depressive symptomatology moderated this relationship. We conducted two experiments using a sample of healthy adults and leveraged computational modelling to estimate learning parameters and the moderating role of depression on these learning parameters. In line with previous literature, participants found it more difficult to learn to make instrumental go and no-go responses in the presence of incongruent cues—for instance, making a “go” response for a cue which signalled punishment, and vice versa. Contrary to expectation we did not observe a reliable relationship between performance and depression scores; while Experiment 1 observed a relationship between depression and model-derived learning rates, these results were not replicated in Experiment 2. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in the General Discussion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double dissociation between the involvement of Gadd45α and Gadd45β/γ in the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus of male rats for object memory Gadd45α和Gadd45β/γ参与雄性大鼠嗅周皮层和海马客体记忆的双重解离

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108113

Krista A. Mitchnick , Samantha D. Creighton , Karanveer S. Johal , Sanya Anoop , Bettina E. Kalisch , Gilda Stefanelli , Boyer D. Winters

{"title":"Double dissociation between the involvement of Gadd45α and Gadd45β/γ in the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus of male rats for object memory","authors":"Krista A. Mitchnick , Samantha D. Creighton , Karanveer S. Johal , Sanya Anoop , Bettina E. Kalisch , Gilda Stefanelli , Boyer D. Winters","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The GADD45 family of proteins (GADD45α, GADD45β, GADD45γ) has been implicated in DNA demethylation and long-term memory formation. Recently, conflicting findings have emerged surrounding the involvement of Gadd45α in various object recognition tasks. These discrepancies could be due to differences in Gadd45α KO mouse models and/or task parameters. Further, the use of brain-wide KO models precludes our understanding of Gadd45α in specific brain regions such as the hippocampus (HPC), which processes the spatial location of objects, or the perirhinal cortex (PRh), which has a larger role in object identity memory. Here, using a single object recognition task reliant on both the PRh and HPC – the object-in-place (OiP) task – we show that siRNA knockdown of <em>Gadd45β</em> or <em>Gadd45γ,</em> but not <em>Gadd45α,</em> within the dorsal HPC (dHPC) impaired long-term, but not short-term, OiP memory. Further, OiP learning induced an upregulation of <em>Gadd45β</em> mRNA in the dentate gyrus subregion of the dHPC. Within the PRh, siRNA knockdown of <em>Gadd45α,</em> but not <em>Gadd45β</em> or <em>Gadd45γ,</em> impaired long-term, but not short-term, OiP memory, with a concomitant increase in learning induced PRh <em>Gadd45α</em> mRNA. These results clarify previous discrepancies in the literature by demonstrating a clear necessity for Gadd45α in the PRh, but not the dHPC, for the consolidation of long-term object memories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145445513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are the principles of Pavlovian conditioning in insects conserved with those in mammals? 昆虫的巴甫洛夫条件反射原理是否与哺乳动物相同？

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108104

Makoto Mizunami

{"title":"Are the principles of Pavlovian conditioning in insects conserved with those in mammals?","authors":"Makoto Mizunami","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pavlovian conditioning, in which a relatively insignificant stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, CS) is paired with a biologically significant stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus, US), is a ubiquitous form of associative learning found in many animal phyla. Modern theories in mammals suggest that the prediction error, i.e., the discrepancy between the predicted unconditioned stimulus (US) and the actual US, drives conditioning, and that the conditioned response (CR) to the conditioned stimulus (CS) is flexibly guided by the expectation of the US. These theories were proposed to overcome limitations of conventional theories, which assume that contingency or correlation between the CS and US is sufficient to account for the achievement of conditioning and that the strength of the CS-US association is enough to determine the magnitude of the CR. It remained unclear, however, whether the modern theories account for Pavlovian conditioning in invertebrates. Here, I address this issue by reviewing recent studies in insects. It has been demonstrated that the error correction learning rule achieves the conditioning in crickets, and the production of the CR is guided by the current value of the US in fruit flies, crickets, and honey bees. From these findings, I conclude that the principles of Pavlovian conditioning in insects are, in essence, conserved with those in mammals. A crucial question to be addressed is how sophisticated forms of Pavlovian conditioning, comparable to those achieved in large-scale neural networks in mammalian brains, are accomplished by small-scale neural networks in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent stress exposure induces persistent, sex-specific cognitive deficits 青少年的压力暴露会导致持续的、性别特异性的认知缺陷

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108103

Abigail Yap Flores, Nolee V. Bugarin, Adolfo Torres, Adeline Cheng, Pascale Fung, Donya Mohammadi, Madeline F. Winters, Gyorgy Lur

{"title":"Adolescent stress exposure induces persistent, sex-specific cognitive deficits","authors":"Abigail Yap Flores, Nolee V. Bugarin, Adolfo Torres, Adeline Cheng, Pascale Fung, Donya Mohammadi, Madeline F. Winters, Gyorgy Lur","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to stress or adversity during adolescence has been shown to produce both short-term and long-lasting effects on cognitive functions. Diminished learning and memory, reduced attention, and impaired decision making in adulthood are some of the most prevalent consequences of experiencing severe adversity during childhood. In addition, numerous long-term effects of stress have been shown to be sex dependent. Yet, longitudinal studies that comprehensively assess the lasting cognitive effects of adolescent stress in both sexes remain scarce. Here, we exposed male and female mice to multiple concurrent stressors repeated over ten days during early- to mid-adolescence. After reaching adulthood, mice were trained in a sensory discrimination task, where we measured learning rates, delayed response performance, and sensitivity to distractors. We found a significant reduction of learning speed in stressed female mice, but not in males. In contrast, stressed males showed weaker delayed discrimination performance and substantial sensitivity to distractors. Our data indicates that these effects may be driven by increased propensity to respond, rather than reduced sensory sensitivity. Overall, we found marked sex differences in the long-term cognitive effects of adolescent exposure to stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108112

Siri-Maria Kamp , Luisa Knopf , Meike Kroneisen , Edgar Erdfelder

{"title":"Event-related potentials uncover the neurocognitive encoding and retrieval mechanisms of animacy effects in episodic memory","authors":"Siri-Maria Kamp , Luisa Knopf , Meike Kroneisen , Edgar Erdfelder","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Episodic memory performance is consistently higher for animate stimuli like humans or animals than for inanimate objects. To examine the mechanisms underlying this “animacy effect”, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while healthy, young adults encoded and subsequently freely recalled (Experiment 1) or recognized (Experiment 2) words referring to animate and inanimate objects. In both experiments, we replicated the animacy effect. Further, in both experiments, animates elicited smaller N400-amplitudes than inanimates during encoding, suggesting that semantic access is facilitated for animate stimuli. No differences were found between stimulus types in any ERP markers thought to index elaborative encoding. In Experiment 2, the word types did not differ in the early mid-frontal and the left parietal old/new effects during recognition, indexing familiarity and bottom-up recollection, respectively. However, the late posterior negativity, presumably indexing controlled, effortful reconstruction of the study episode, was prominent for animates but absent for inanimates. Taken together, these results support a difference in the semantic representation between animates and inanimates, and more effortful recollection of a more complex episodic memory trace of animates during retrieval. Notably, these ERP patterns differ qualitatively from recent results on the survival processing effect, supporting a dissociation of the mechanisms behind the two effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accelerated maturation of fear regulation systems in infant rats following early life inflammation 幼鼠早期炎症后恐惧调节系统的加速成熟。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108109

Tayla B. McCutcheon, Sara M. Simenson-Braun, Rick Richardson

{"title":"Accelerated maturation of fear regulation systems in infant rats following early life inflammation","authors":"Tayla B. McCutcheon, Sara M. Simenson-Braun, Rick Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early life stress is a well-established risk factor for neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying this lifelong vulnerability remain unclear. One possibility is that early stress exposure disrupts the developmental trajectory of neural systems involved in emotion regulation, creating long-term susceptibility to psychopathology. Therefore, here we explored the impact of two forms of early-life adversity on maturation of emotional regulation in infant rats. Two forms of adversity were examined: maternal separation (MS) and to early-life inflammation (ELI) via post-natal injections of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of these two types of early life stress in infant male rats. Based on the results of the first experiment, in Experiment 2 we replicated the procedures from Experiment 1 in females but only examined ELI as an early stressor. In both experiments, ELI infants displayed a precocious emergence of context-mediated relapse of extinguished fear, whereas standard-rearing (SR) and MS male infants did not. These findings suggest that ELI accelerates the development of infant emotion regulation, consistent with studies using other stressors (e.g., psychosocial), and point to shared mechanisms underlying the long-term adverse effects of early-life stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transplantation of medial ganglionic eminence cells rescues early-life stress-induced social and cognitive impairments in postnatal mice 内神经节隆起细胞移植可挽救出生后小鼠早期应激诱导的社交和认知障碍

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108101

Lanyan Lin, Yongxing Lai, Ainong Mei, Yan Chen, Fan Lin

{"title":"Transplantation of medial ganglionic eminence cells rescues early-life stress-induced social and cognitive impairments in postnatal mice","authors":"Lanyan Lin, Yongxing Lai, Ainong Mei, Yan Chen, Fan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the critical window of early development, exposure to stress has been demonstrated to impair brain function, thereby elevating the likelihood of subsequent social and cognitive impairments. In our study, we have developed a reliable mouse model of early life stress that emulates prevalent stressors in the human population, utilizing early maternal-infant separation coupled with a four-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Subsequent to this intervention, we transplanted GABAergic progenitor cells into the hippocampus with the aim of mitigating the social and cognitive deficits observed in postnatal mice. Our findings reveal that mice subjected to early stress display significant social and cognitive impairments, characterized by deficits in communication, cognitive developmental delays, repetitive behaviors, and anxiety-related affective disorders. The transplantation of GABAergic progenitor cells into the hippocampus of these stressed mice has been shown to enhance neurogenesis, increasing the population of GABAergic neurons and augmenting the expression of key synaptic proteins, including Reelin, Fyn, PSD95, and SYN.Our results highlight the potential of medial ganglion cell transplantation into the hippocampus to ameliorate the social and cognitive deficits triggered by early life stress. This approach holds significant promise for the therapeutic intervention of psychobehavioral disturbances stemming from early stress exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0