Nature Reviews Neurology最新文献

Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA 美国结构性种族主义与多发性硬化症风险和结果的体现

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01096-5

Annette M. Langer-Gould, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Jada Benn Torres, E. Ann Yeh, Theresa E. Gildner

{"title":"Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA","authors":"Annette M. Langer-Gould, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Jada Benn Torres, E. Ann Yeh, Theresa E. Gildner","doi":"10.1038/s41582-025-01096-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-025-01096-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disparities in the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) exist in the USA, often to the detriment of Black and Hispanic people. Despite the common misconception that MS is a disease of white people, the incidence is highest in Black people. Disability accumulates faster and at younger ages in Black and Hispanic people with MS than in their white counterparts, and MS-related mortality in early and mid-adulthood is highest in Black people. These differences are often erroneously interpreted as evidence of innate racial or ethnic variations. In this Perspective, we demonstrate how race and ethnicity — social constructs with a limited biological basis that are often assigned by systems of power — can influence biology through lived experiences, a phenomenon termed ‘embodiment’. We review how downstream consequences of structural racism can lead to biological outcomes strongly associated with MS susceptibility, such as imbalanced immune system development, dysregulated immune responses to the Epstein–Barr virus and childhood obesity. We also consider how inequitable health-care access and quality, combined with the younger age of onset and higher comorbidity burdens, might explain racial and ethnic disparities in MS prognosis. Our proposed conceptual model offers a roadmap for generating knowledge and implementing interventions to narrow racial and ethnic disparities in MS susceptibility and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing neurogenetics in Africa: past achievements, current developments and shaping the future 推进非洲神经遗传学：过去的成就、当前的发展和塑造未来

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01098-3

Guida Landouré, Abdoulaye Yalcouyé, Salimata Diarra, Alassane dit Baneye Maiga, Mohamed E. Dembélé, Cheick A. K. Cissé, Abdoulaye Bocoum, Lassana Cissé, Salia Bamba, Oumar Samassékou, Kenneth H. Fischbeck, Barrington G. Burnett

{"title":"Advancing neurogenetics in Africa: past achievements, current developments and shaping the future","authors":"Guida Landouré, Abdoulaye Yalcouyé, Salimata Diarra, Alassane dit Baneye Maiga, Mohamed E. Dembélé, Cheick A. K. Cissé, Abdoulaye Bocoum, Lassana Cissé, Salia Bamba, Oumar Samassékou, Kenneth H. Fischbeck, Barrington G. Burnett","doi":"10.1038/s41582-025-01098-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-025-01098-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hereditary neurological diseases (HNDs), referring to monogenic forms of neurological diseases, can cause substantial debilitation in affected individuals. They particularly impact developing nations, where the burden of disease is reflected in a high number of disability-adjusted life years lost. In African populations, despite rich genetic diversity, high fertility rates and prevalent consanguinity, genetic research remains under-explored. However, studying these communities holds the promise of uncovering key genes and variants that are essential for understanding both normal and abnormal nervous system functions. The rise of advanced sequencing technologies has enabled the identification of the causative factors underlying numerous hereditary diseases. Yet, many people with HNDs, especially in under-studied African populations, still lack a molecular diagnosis. Initiatives such as H3Africa, backed by the US National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust and the Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, are helping to bridge this gap by empowering African scientists to lead groundbreaking genetic research. This Review highlights the spectrum of HNDs observed in African populations and explores the unique challenges and opportunities in this field. By reflecting on the current state of neurogenetics in Africa and outlining future directions, we aim to inspire progress towards improved health care for those affected by HNDs on the continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synapse vulnerability and resilience across the clinical spectrum of dementias. 突触的易损性和恢复力在痴呆的临床谱。

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01094-7

Raquel N Taddei,Karen E Duff

{"title":"Synapse vulnerability and resilience across the clinical spectrum of dementias.","authors":"Raquel N Taddei,Karen E Duff","doi":"10.1038/s41582-025-01094-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-025-01094-7","url":null,"abstract":"Preservation of synapses is crucial for healthy cognitive ageing, and synapse loss is one of the closest anatomical correlates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. In these conditions, some synapses seem particularly vulnerable to degeneration whereas others are resilient and remain preserved. Evidence has highlighted that vulnerability and resilience are intrinsically distinct phenomena linked to specific brain structural and/or functional signatures, yet the key features of vulnerable and resilient synapses in the dementias remain incompletely understood. Defining the characteristics of vulnerable and resilient synapses in each form of dementia could offer novel insight into the mechanisms of synapse preservation and of synapse loss that underlies cognitive decline, thereby facilitating the discovery of targeted biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies. In this Review, we consider the concepts of synapse vulnerability and resilience, and provide an overview of our current understanding of the associations between synaptic protein changes, neuropathology and cognitive decline. We also consider how understanding of the underlying mechanisms could identify novel strategies to mitigate the cognitive dysfunction associated with dementias.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibodies target different amyloid-β species 抗体针对不同的淀粉样蛋白-β物种

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01101-x

Ian Fyfe

引用次数: 0

Stem cells show promise in Parkinson disease 干细胞有望治疗帕金森病

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01100-y

Ian Fyfe

引用次数: 0

Glymphatic flow reduced in Huntington disease 亨廷顿病的淋巴血流减少

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01103-9

Ian Fyfe

引用次数: 0

AI aces diagnosis of chronic ataxias 慢性共济失调的诊断

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01102-w

Ian Fyfe

引用次数: 0

SEQUINS - a new initiative to address disparities in neurology. SEQUINS——解决神经病学差异的新举措。

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01092-9

Heather Wood

引用次数: 0

Menopause, memory and molecular pathways: growing insights into Alzheimer disease risk in women 更年期，记忆和分子途径：对女性阿尔茨海默病风险的日益深入的了解

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01093-8

Erin E. Sundermann

引用次数: 0

Genetic susceptibility determines Epstein–Barr-virus-associated risk of multiple sclerosis 遗传易感性决定了爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒相关的多发性硬化风险

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-025-01099-2

Lisa Kiani

引用次数: 0