Nature Reviews Neurology最新文献_第2页

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: challenges in a changing climate 儿童交替性偏瘫：气候变化中的挑战

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01054-7

Katherine Behl

引用次数: 0

Inclusion in neurological research: empowering people living with neurological diseases 纳入神经学研究：增强神经学疾病患者的权能

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01047-6

Maria Teresa Ferretti, Maria Bonaria Uccheddu, Richelle Flanagan, Iracema Leroi, Elena Moro

引用次数: 0

Targeting common disease pathomechanisms to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 针对常见疾病病理机制治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01049-4

Kiterie M. E. Faller, Helena Chaytow, Thomas H. Gillingwater

引用次数: 0

Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases 神经退行性疾病的免疫机制和共享免疫靶点

IF 38.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01046-7

Howard L. Weiner

{"title":"Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Howard L. Weiner","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01046-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-024-01046-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The immune system plays a major part in neurodegenerative diseases. In some, such as multiple sclerosis, it is the primary driver of the disease. In others, such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease, it has an amplifying role. Immunotherapeutic approaches that target the adaptive and innate immune systems are being explored for the treatment of almost all neurological diseases, and the targets and approaches are often common across diseases. Microglia are the primary immune cells in the brain that contribute to disease pathogenesis, and are consequently a common immune target for therapy. Other therapeutic approaches target components of the peripheral immune system, such as regulatory T cells and monocytes, which in turn act within the CNS. This Review considers in detail how microglia, monocytes and T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease, and their potential as shared therapeutic targets across these diseases. The microbiome is also highlighted as an emerging therapeutic target that indirectly modulates the immune system. Therapeutic approaches being developed to target immune function in neurodegenerative diseases are discussed, highlighting how immune-based approaches developed to treat one disease could be applicable to multiple other neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis 探讨性激素和性别多样性在多发性硬化症中的作用

IF 28.2 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01042-x

Cassie Nesbitt, Anneke Van Der Walt, Helmut Butzkueven, Ada S. Cheung, Vilija G. Jokubaitis

{"title":"Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Cassie Nesbitt, Anneke Van Der Walt, Helmut Butzkueven, Ada S. Cheung, Vilija G. Jokubaitis","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01042-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-01042-x","url":null,"abstract":"Sex and sex hormones are thought to influence multiple sclerosis (MS) through effects on inflammation, myelination and neurodegeneration, and exogenous hormones have been explored for their therapeutic potential. However, our understanding of how sex hormones influence MS disease processes and outcomes remains incomplete. Furthermore, our current knowledge is derived primarily from studies that focus exclusively on cisgender populations with exclusion of gender-diverse people. Gender-affirming hormone therapy comprising exogenous sex hormones or sex hormone blocking agents are commonly used by transgender and gender-diverse individuals, and it could influence MS risk and outcomes at various stages of disease. A better understanding of the impact and potential therapeutic effects of both endogenous and exogenous sex hormones in MS is needed to improve care and outcomes for cisgender individuals and, moreover, for gender-diverse populations wherein an evidence base does not exist. In this Perspective, we discuss the effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones in MS, including their potential therapeutic benefits, and examine both established sex-based dimorphisms and the potential for gender-diverse dimorphisms. We advocate for future research that includes gender-diverse people to enhance our knowledge of the interplay of sex and sex hormones in MS, leading to the development of more effective and inclusive treatment strategies and improvement of care for all individuals with MS. Evidence for the effects of sex hormones on inflammation, myelination and neurodegeneration has implications for both cisgender and gender-diverse individuals with multiple sclerosis. Here, the authors summarize what is known about the effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones, and they highlight the need for future research inclusive of gender-diverse individuals.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"21 1","pages":"48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing disparities in neurology by enhancing inclusive practice 通过加强包容性实践解决神经病学的差异

IF 28.2 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01048-5

Lisa Kiani

引用次数: 0

The global and regional burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathy 糖尿病周围神经病变的全球和区域负担

IF 28.2 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01041-y

Masha G. Savelieff, Melissa A. Elafros, Vijay Viswanathan, Troels S. Jensen, David L. Bennett, Eva L. Feldman

{"title":"The global and regional burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathy","authors":"Masha G. Savelieff, Melissa A. Elafros, Vijay Viswanathan, Troels S. Jensen, David L. Bennett, Eva L. Feldman","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01041-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-01041-y","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is length-dependent peripheral nerve damage arising as a complication of type 1 or type 2 diabetes in up to 50% of patients. DPN poses a substantial burden on patients, who can experience impaired gait and loss of balance, predisposing them to falls and fractures, and neuropathic pain, which is frequently difficult to treat and reduces quality of life. Advanced DPN can lead to diabetic foot ulcers and non-healing wounds that often necessitate lower-limb amputation. From a socioeconomic perspective, DPN increases both direct health-care costs and indirect costs from loss of productivity owing to neuropathy-related disability. In this Review, we highlight the importance of understanding country-specific and region-specific variations in DPN prevalence to inform public health policy and allocate resources appropriately. We also explore how identification of DPN risk factors can guide treatment and prevention strategies and aid the development of health-care infrastructure for populations at risk. We review evidence that metabolic factors beyond hyperglycaemia contribute to DPN development, necessitating a shift from pure glycaemic control to multi-targeted metabolic control, including weight loss and improvements in lipid profiles. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is length-dependent peripheral nerve damage that frequently arises as a complication of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and even prediabetes. This Review highlights the global and regional burden of DPN and explores risk factors, including metabolic factors beyond hyperglycaemia, that could guide treatment and prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"21 1","pages":"17-31"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

α-Synuclein pathology as a target in neurodegenerative diseases 作为神经退行性疾病靶点的 α-突触核蛋白病理变化

IF 28.2 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01043-w

Hyejin Park, Tae-In Kam, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson

{"title":"α-Synuclein pathology as a target in neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Hyejin Park, Tae-In Kam, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01043-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-01043-w","url":null,"abstract":"α-Synuclein misfolds into pathological forms that lead to various neurodegenerative diseases known collectively as α-synucleinopathies. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of pivotal advances in α-synuclein research. We examine structural features and physiological functions of α-synuclein and summarize current insights into key post-translational modifications, such as nitration, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and truncation, considering their contributions to neurodegeneration. We also highlight the existence of disease-specific α-synuclein strains and their mechanisms of pathological spread, and discuss seed amplification assays and PET tracers as emerging diagnostic tools for detecting pathological α-synuclein in clinical settings. We also discuss α-synuclein aggregation and clearance mechanisms, and review cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous processes that contribute to neuronal death, including the roles of adaptive and innate immunity in α-synuclein-driven neurodegeneration. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutic approaches that target pathological α-synuclein and provide insights into emerging areas of research. In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the involvement of α-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases and highlight therapeutic approaches that target pathological α-synuclein.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"21 1","pages":"32-47"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moving beyond immunoglobulin therapy for CIDP with efgartigimod 依加替莫德超越免疫球蛋白疗法治疗 CIDP

IF 28.2 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01045-8

Jan D. Lünemann

引用次数: 0

Diets to promote healthy brain ageing 促进大脑健康老化的饮食

IF 28.2 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neurology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01036-9

Sokratis Charisis, Mary Yannakoulia, Nikolaos Scarmeas

{"title":"Diets to promote healthy brain ageing","authors":"Sokratis Charisis, Mary Yannakoulia, Nikolaos Scarmeas","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01036-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-01036-9","url":null,"abstract":"Diet is a modifiable lifestyle factor with a proven role in cardiovascular disease risk reduction that might also play an important part in cognitive health. Evidence from observational studies has linked certain healthy dietary patterns to cognitive benefits. However, clinical trials of diet interventions have demonstrated either null or, at best, small effects on cognitive outcomes. In this Review, we summarize the currently available evidence from observational epidemiology and clinical trials regarding the potential role of diet in the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. We further discuss possible methodological limitations that might have hindered the ability of previous diet intervention trials to capture potential neuroprotective effects. Considering the overwhelming and continuously expanding societal, economic and health-care burden of Alzheimer disease and other dementias, future nutritional research must address past methodological challenges to accurately and reliably inform clinical practice guidelines and public health policies. Within this scope, we provide a roadmap for future diet intervention trials for dementia prevention. We discuss study designs involving both intensive personalized interventions — to evaluate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, establish neuroprotective thresholds, and test hypothesized biological mechanisms and effects on brain health and cognition through sensitive and precise biomarker measures — and large-scale, pragmatic public health interventions to study population-level benefits. This Review summarizes the evidence for the role of diet in cognitive health, and it explores the limitations of diet intervention trials, which have yet to robustly support observational findings. The authors discuss potential underlying mechanisms and offer strategies for future trials to enhance the understanding of the role of diet in dementia prevention.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"21 1","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0