Nature Reviews Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Modelling brain tumours with organoids: towards precision medicine in neuro-oncology","authors":"Marta de Lucas Sanz, Simone P. Niclou, Anna Golebiewska","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01190-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01190-2","url":null,"abstract":"Precision medicine in neuro-oncology hinges on our ability to decode the molecular and functional complexity of brain tumours. These tumours are highly heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems that remain challenging to replicate with traditional experimental models. Organoids have emerged as next-generation tools for capturing the diversity of brain tumours in a clinically relevant context. Here, we review advances in applying organoids as tumour avatars to foster precision medicine. We assess current methodologies for generating organoids from various brain tumour types and illustrate how these models have enhanced mechanistic insight into tumour initiation, progression and resistance to treatment. Furthermore, we explore their translational potential in functional drug screening and treatment stratification, offering a powerful preclinical and co-clinical platform with which to personalize neuro-oncology. Organoids provide a useful model to capture the heterogeneity of brain tumours. Here, the authors assess current methodologies for generating organoids from various types of brain tumour and discuss how these models have enhanced mechanistic insight into tumour initiation, progression and resistance to treatment, moving towards precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 5","pages":"273-291"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We need to talk about risk in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Beth Grimsey","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01182-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01182-2","url":null,"abstract":"Beth Grimsey lives with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and is the Research Programme Manager at the MS Society in the UK. In this World View, she reflects on the uncertainty of MS, the ripple effects in families and the need for healthcare providers to communicate the knowns and unknowns.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 3","pages":"137-137"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological principles behind worldwide growth of Parkinson disease — a bathtub analogy","authors":"Lisanne J. Dommershuijsen, Sirwan K. L. Darweesh, Bastiaan R. Bloem","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01193-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01193-z","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative condition worldwide, and proposed explanations for this growth include ageing, increased environmental exposures and better recognition. Using an adaptation of the classical epidemiological bathtub as a metaphor, we consider the potential contributions of epidemiological dynamics to the growth in PD and their implications for PD research.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 4","pages":"200-201"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards biomarker-based diagnosis of Parkinson disease","authors":"Eduardo Tolosa, Werner Poewe, Alastair J. Noyce, Per Svenningsson, Philipp Mahlknecht, Maria Jose Marti","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01185-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01185-z","url":null,"abstract":"The current clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease (PD) have limitations and are inherently insensitive to the earliest stages of disease, when classical motor signs can be absent. Imaging and genetic tests are currently used to support or establish a diagnosis of PD, but no validated biomarker-based diagnostic framework currently exists. Substantial progress has been made in the field of molecular disease markers, most notably with the development and validation of seed amplification assays (SAAs), which enable detection of very low levels of pathological α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid and other biofluids and tissue. In this Review, we discuss the potential of α-synuclein SAAs and other biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and enable earlier diagnosis of PD. We consider biological disease definitions that have been proposed on the basis of these biomarkers, highlighting their merits, limitations and implications for PD research and clinical management. Research is ongoing to determine the predictive value of PD biomarkers in healthy people and people with prodromal PD and to develop markers that are sensitive to disease progression, both of which are key for implementation of trials involving drugs designed to modify or prevent disease. Integrating clinical, genetic, molecular and imaging biomarkers should enable earlier, more accurate diagnosis of PD and characterization of PD subtypes, thereby enabling personalized treatment to slow or even prevent PD. Clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease (PD) have limitations, but no validated biomarker-based diagnostic framework currently exists. In this Review, Tolosa et al. examine progress towards biomarker-based diagnosis of PD, focusing on α-synuclein seed amplification assays alongside molecular, imaging and genetic markers.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 3","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recalled experiences of death: need for empirical research without prejudice","authors":"Sam Parnia, Jignesh Patel, Erik Kulstad, Rebecca Spiegel, Stephen G. Post, Sanam Alilou, Benjamin M. Bloom, Natalia Leontovich, Anelly M. Gonzales, Tara Keshavarz, Charles D. Deakin","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01186-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01186-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 3","pages":"196-197"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune gateways bypass blood–brain barrier for drug delivery in stroke","authors":"Lisa Kiani","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01188-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01188-w","url":null,"abstract":"The natural migration pathway of CNS immune cells can be harnessed to deliver therapy to brain lesions in acute stroke, bypassing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), according to a new study published in Cell.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 3","pages":"138-138"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to ‘Recalled experiences of death: need for empirical research without prejudice’","authors":"Pauline Fritz, Charlotte Martial, Olivia Gosseries, Vincent Bonhomme, Daniel Kondziella, Kevin Nelson, Nicolas Lejeune","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01187-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01187-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 3","pages":"198-198"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging global diversity gaps in Parkinson disease research","authors":"Daniel Teixeira-dos-Santos, Ai-Huey Tan, Njideka Okubadejo, Lorraine V. Kalia, Artur F. S. Schuh","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01183-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01183-1","url":null,"abstract":"The global burden of Parkinson disease (PD) is rapidly shifting towards low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), which already account for 44% of all individuals with PD. Despite this trend, the populations of LMICs and other under-represented populations defined by ethnicity, sex, geography and minority groups within high-income countries remain largely excluded from PD research. The continuation of these disparities limits our knowledge of disease biology and restricts the applicability of advances in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, increasing inequity in global health. Substantial disparities persist across the PD research continuum, extending beyond resource limitations and encompassing epidemiology, environment, genetics, deep phenotyping and biomarkers, data integration and diversity-aware analytics, clinical trials and basic science. To repair structural diversity gaps that compromise validity and equity in PD research, we propose an ethically grounded, coordinated agenda that prioritizes increased funding and local capacity building in under-represented regions, the development and adoption of harmonized and context-adapted methods, sustained community engagement with cultural competence, the creation of collaborative research networks, and more inclusive editorial and regulatory policies. Moreover, because inequities in care and research commonly co-occur and are mutually reinforcing, PD research should advance alongside a worldwide commitment to minimum standards of care and access to treatment. This Perspective details diversity gaps across PD research, outlines priority actions to address them, and illustrates, through recent examples, how interventions along these axes can advance equity and representation in PD studies. Low-income and middle-income countries and other under-represented populations remain largely excluded from Parkinson disease research despite the growing disease burden. Here the authors detail diversity gaps across Parkinson disease research and outline priority actions to address them.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 4","pages":"239-250"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of social context in cognitive and neurobehavioural outcomes in epilepsy","authors":"Anny Reyes, Robyn M. Busch, Elaine T. Kiriakopoulos, Temitayo Oyegbile-Chidi, Bruce P. Hermann","doi":"10.1038/s41582-026-01184-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-026-01184-0","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities are among the most persistent and disabling challenges experienced by children and adults with epilepsy, with serious implications for daily functioning, health-care utilization, long-term social outcomes and quality of life. Traditionally, research has focused on epilepsy-specific biological risk factors, such as seizure frequency or epilepsy syndrome, but growing evidence indicates that non-medical factors also shape neurodevelopmental, cognitive and neurobehavioural trajectories. This Review explores how individual-level and neighbourhood-level social factors, including income, education, health-care access and neighbourhood deprivation, contribute to disparities in cognitive and neurobehavioural outcomes across the lifespan in people with epilepsy. We propose the SocioBioCognitive Epilepsy framework, which integrates biological and social factors to better explain the heterogeneity of these outcomes, emphasizing critical developmental windows. We also recommend strategies to address social contributors to epilepsy, including self-management programmes, integration of community health workers into care teams and policy initiatives to address social needs in clinical settings. We highlight the need for a paradigm shift in epilepsy care from a seizure-centric model to a strategy that embraces holistic approaches across medical, educational and community domains. Future research should investigate the reversibility of social factors, explore biological mechanisms that link social adversity to brain outcomes and evaluate the real-world impact of integrated interventions. This Review explores how individual-level and neighbourhood-level social factors, including income, education, health-care access and neighbourhood deprivation, contribute to disparities in cognitive and neurobehavioural outcomes in people with epilepsy. The authors propose a new framework that integrates biological and social factors to better explain the heterogeneity of these outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 3","pages":"152-171"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nottingham consensus on dementia risk reduction policy: recommendations from a modified Delphi process","authors":"Harriet Demnitz-King, Sube Banerjee, Claudia Cooper, Charlotte Kenten, Rosemary Phillips, Sedigheh Zabihi, Yvonne Birks, Carol Brayne, Sallyann Browning, Camille Carroll, Georgina Charlesworth, Carol AC Coupland, Tom Dening, Ruth Dobson, Isabelle F. Foote, Sarah Foster, Chris Fox, Robert Howard, Jeremy D. Isaacs, Uzma Jaffry, Ivan Koychev, Gill Livingston, David J. Llewellyn, Richard Oakley, Magdalena Opazo Bretón, Martin Orrell, Alastair J. Noyce, Tommy Pouncey, Greta Rait, Janice Ranson, Mohammed Rauf, Vanessa Raymont, Elizabeth L. Sampson, Jonathan M. Schott, Debs Smith, Xin You Tai, Alison Thomson, Sebastian Walsh, Dylan M. Williams, Naaheed Mukadam, Charles R. Marshall, on behalf of The National Institute of Health and Care Research Policy Research Unit in Dementia and Neurodegeneration at Queen Mary University of London (DeNPRU-QM)","doi":"10.1038/s41582-025-01173-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-025-01173-9","url":null,"abstract":"Translation of evidence about dementia risk and its reduction into effective, equitable public health policy is a major challenge. To address this challenge, the National Institute for Health and Care Research Policy Research Unit in Dementia and Neurodegeneration at Queen Mary University of London (DeNPRU-QM) convened a multidisciplinary panel of 40 experts from across England, with diverse lived, academic, clinical, policy and advocacy experience, at various career stages, and of diverse gender and ethnicity, to develop actionable policy recommendations for dementia risk reduction. Through a 2-day in-person workshop and a subsequent three-round modified Delphi survey, the panel evaluated and refined statements on dementia prevention. The panel achieved consensus on 56 recommendations in four domains: public health messaging, individual-level interventions, population-level interventions and research commissioning. A key priority across all domains was the need to consider and address health inequalities so that prevention efforts do not exacerbate existing disparities. Our recommendations provide policymakers with a robust foundation for designing and implementing an evidence-based dementia prevention strategy in England and provide guidance that can inform approaches in other countries and contexts. By prioritizing clear communication, targeted intervention and sustained research investment, the recommendations can help to address structural inequities and advance dementia risk reduction. Ongoing cross-sector advocacy will be crucial in driving policy adoption and implementation. Translation of evidence about dementia risk into effective public health policy is a challenge. In this Consensus Statement, Demnitz-King and colleagues present 56 policy recommendations for dementia prevention, providing policymakers with a foundation for designing and implementing evidence-based dementia prevention strategies, prioritizing clear communication, targeted intervention and sustained research investment.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"22 2","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":33.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-025-01173-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}