{"title":"Support for network theories of schizophrenia","authors":"Martijn P. van den Heuvel, Sara L. Seoane","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00956-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00956-w","url":null,"abstract":"A computational neuroimaging study has shed new light on the relationship between morphological changes in the brain in schizophrenia and the network architecture of the brain, providing evidence to support two network theories of the disorder.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 7","pages":"381-382"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140349578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversity, equity and inclusion in neurology","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00951-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00951-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue of Nature Reviews Neurology, we launch a Series to highlight the importance of diversity, equity and inclusion in efforts to improve global brain health. This month, Nature Reviews Neurology launches a Series to highlight the importance of diversity, equity and inclusion in the neurology community and in neurological care to address health disparities and thereby to improve global brain health.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"199-199"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-024-00951-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Addressing disparities in neurology by building the workforce in LMICs","authors":"Lisa Kiani","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00952-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00952-0","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with stroke neurologist Nirali Vora from the USA about her work to build neurology capacity in low and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"200-201"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-024-00952-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Pease, Kunal Gupta, Solomon L. Moshé, Daniel J. Correa, Aristea S. Galanopoulou, David O. Okonkwo, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Lori Shutter, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, James F. Castellano
{"title":"Insights into epileptogenesis from post-traumatic epilepsy","authors":"Matthew Pease, Kunal Gupta, Solomon L. Moshé, Daniel J. Correa, Aristea S. Galanopoulou, David O. Okonkwo, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Lori Shutter, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, James F. Castellano","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00954-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00954-y","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) accounts for 5% of all epilepsies. The incidence of PTE after traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the severity of injury, approaching one in three in groups with the most severe injuries. The repeated seizures that characterize PTE impair neurological recovery and increase the risk of poor outcomes after TBI. Given this high risk of recurrent seizures and the relatively short latency period for their development after injury, PTE serves as a model disease to understand human epileptogenesis and trial novel anti-epileptogenic therapies. Epileptogenesis is the process whereby previously normal brain tissue becomes prone to recurrent abnormal electrical activity, ultimately resulting in seizures. In this Review, we describe the clinical course of PTE and highlight promising research into epileptogenesis and treatment using animal models of PTE. Clinical, imaging, EEG and fluid biomarkers are being developed to aid the identification of patients at high risk of PTE who might benefit from anti-epileptogenic therapies. Studies in preclinical models of PTE have identified tractable pathways and novel therapeutic strategies that can potentially prevent epilepsy, which remain to be validated in humans. In addition to improving outcomes after TBI, advances in PTE research are likely to provide therapeutic insights that are relevant to all epilepsies. Post-traumatic epilepsy is a major driver of disability associated with traumatic brain injury. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical features of post-traumatic epilepsy and discusses how an understanding of the underlying epileptogenic mechanisms might inform the development of anti-epileptogenic medications.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 5","pages":"298-312"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approval of omaveloxolone for Friedreich ataxia","authors":"Sylvia Boesch, Elisabetta Indelicato","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00957-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00957-9","url":null,"abstract":"The recent approval of omaveloxolone for the treatment of Friedreich ataxia in the USA and Europe represents an important milestone in the field of rare neurological diseases. However, many challenges lie ahead, including the translation of trial results into clinical practice, and the management of patients’ expectations.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 6","pages":"313-314"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesse Dawson, Azmil H. Abdul-Rahim, Teresa J. Kimberley
{"title":"Neurostimulation for treatment of post-stroke impairments","authors":"Jesse Dawson, Azmil H. Abdul-Rahim, Teresa J. Kimberley","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00953-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00953-z","url":null,"abstract":"Neurostimulation, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of the nervous system, is now commonly used for the treatment of chronic pain, movement disorders and epilepsy. Many neurostimulation techniques have now shown promise for the treatment of physical impairments in people with stroke. In 2021, vagus nerve stimulation was approved by the FDA as an adjunct to intensive rehabilitation therapy for the treatment of chronic upper extremity deficits after ischaemic stroke. In 2024, pharyngeal electrical stimulation was conditionally approved by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for neurogenic dysphagia in people with stroke who have a tracheostomy. Many other approaches have also been tested in pivotal device trials and a number of approaches are in early-phase study. Typically, neurostimulation techniques aim to increase neuroplasticity in response to training and rehabilitation, although the putative mechanisms of action differ and are not fully understood. Neurostimulation techniques offer a number of practical advantages for use after stroke, such as precise dosing and timing, but can be invasive and costly to implement. This Review focuses on neurostimulation techniques that are now in clinical use or that have reached the stage of pivotal trials and show considerable promise for the treatment of post-stroke impairments. Various neurostimulation techniques are being explored for the treatment of physical impairments in people with stroke. This Review summarizes our current knowledge of the techniques that are now in clinical use or have reached the stage of pivotal trials alongside emerging techniques and highlights the need for further studies.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 5","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Joya Ahmad, Roshni Abee Patel, Nicole Rosendale
{"title":"Neurological care for LGBT+ people","authors":"Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Joya Ahmad, Roshni Abee Patel, Nicole Rosendale","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00944-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00944-0","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people face unique health disparities that must be considered by health-care providers to ensure equitable and inclusive care. Although traditionally LGBT+ health has not been integrated into neurology training, sexual orientation and gender identity have direct relevance to neurological health, driven by both systemic and interpersonal factors. In this Review, we summarize the evidence for associations between sexual orientation and gender identity with the prevalence and outcomes of various neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, stroke and neurodevelopmental disorders, among others. We describe important clinical considerations pertaining to LGBT+ people and recommend language and practices to promote inclusive care, as well as highlight gaps in need of further research and possible strategies to minimize these, including systematic collection of sexual orientation and gender identity and use of inclusive language. In this Review, the authors discuss the unique neurological health disparities faced by sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people. The Review presents clinical considerations alongside language and practice recommendations to promote inclusive care, and highlights the gaps in need of further research.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 5","pages":"288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards the era of biological biomarkers for Parkinson disease","authors":"Nobutaka Hattori","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00950-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00950-2","url":null,"abstract":"Since its instigation in cancer research in the 1930s, the disease-staging concept has become a crucial tool in clinical research and medical practice. Two new papers have proposed biological staging and classification systems based on α-synuclein pathology for Parkinson disease and related conditions.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 6","pages":"317-318"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marker provides 10-year warning of dementia","authors":"Ian Fyfe","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00947-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00947-x","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in plasma levels of specific proteins could predict the development of dementia more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"α-Synuclein seeds in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Ian Fyfe","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00949-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00949-9","url":null,"abstract":"New evidence that α-synuclein can contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has come from analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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