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Inflammation alters cognition after cancer immunotherapy 炎症改变癌症免疫治疗后的认知
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00935-0
Katherine Whalley
{"title":"Inflammation alters cognition after cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Katherine Whalley","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00935-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00935-0","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroinflammatory mechanisms drive cognitive impairments in mice treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sleuthing subjectivity: a review of covert measures of consciousness 侦查主体性：对意识的隐蔽测量的回顾
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00934-1
Sharif I. Kronemer, Peter A. Bandettini, Javier Gonzalez-Castillo
{"title":"Sleuthing subjectivity: a review of covert measures of consciousness","authors":"Sharif I. Kronemer, Peter A. Bandettini, Javier Gonzalez-Castillo","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00934-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00934-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consciousness is private. Although conscious beings directly access their own conscious experiences, the consciousness of others must be inferred through overt report: observable behaviours — such as overt facial expressions, vocalizations and body gestures — that suggest the level, state and content of consciousness. However, overt report is limited because it can be erroneous (for example, resulting from wilful deception or being subject to recall error), absent (for example, during sleep and paralysis) or conflict with research goals (for example, in no-report paradigms and resting-state studies). These limitations encourage the search for covert measures of consciousness: physiological signals that disclose consciousness without relying on overt behaviour. This Review highlights emerging covert measures of consciousness in humans, including eye, skin, respiratory and heart signals. We also address the challenge of distinguishing physiological signals linked to conscious versus unconscious neural processing. Finally, we consider the ethical implications of infringing on the innate privacy of consciousness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On analogies in vertebrate and insect visual systems 关于脊椎动物和昆虫视觉系统的类比
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00932-3
Ryosuke Tanaka, Ruben Portugues
{"title":"On analogies in vertebrate and insect visual systems","authors":"Ryosuke Tanaka, Ruben Portugues","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00932-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00932-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the large evolutionary distance between vertebrates and insects, the visual systems of these two taxa bear remarkable similarities that have been noted repeatedly, including by pioneering neuroanatomists such as Ramón y Cajal. Fuelled by the advent of transgenic approaches in neuroscience, studies of visual system anatomy and function in both vertebrates and insects have made dramatic progress during the past two decades, revealing even deeper analogies between their visual systems than were noted by earlier observers. Such across-taxa comparisons have tended to focus on either elementary motion detection or relatively peripheral layers of the visual systems. By contrast, the aims of this Review are to expand the scope of this comparison to pathways outside visual motion detection, as well as to deeper visual structures. To achieve these aims, we primarily discuss examples from recent work in larval zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and the fruitfly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>), a pair of genetically tractable model organisms with comparatively sized, small brains. In particular, we argue that the brains of both vertebrates and insects are equipped with third-order visual structures that specialize in shared behavioural tasks, including postural and course stabilization, approach and avoidance, and some other behaviours. These wider analogies between the two distant taxa highlight shared behavioural goals and associated evolutionary constraints and suggest that studies on vertebrate and insect vision have a lot to inspire each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroferroptosis in health and diseases 健康和疾病中的神经下垂
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00930-5
Peng Lei, Tara Walker, Scott Ayton
{"title":"Neuroferroptosis in health and diseases","authors":"Peng Lei, Tara Walker, Scott Ayton","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00930-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00930-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ferroptosis is a type of cell death process defined by iron-dependent peroxidation of phospholipids leading to the destruction of cellular membranes and death of the cell. Ferroptosis occurs throughout the body, but a considerable research focus on ferroptosis in the brain — neuroferroptosis — has been driven by the rich lipid and iron content of the brain as well as its high oxygen consumption. Neurons also have an exceptionally large surface area and metabolic demand, which necessitates specific mechanisms (such as lipid antioxidants) to engage constantly to protect the plasma membrane against lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been extensively linked to neurodegeneration and ischaemia and is increasingly implicated in physiological processes such as neuronal reprogramming. Astrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons, enabling them to defend against ferroptosis, yet ferroptotic signals in microglia can propagate damage to astrocytes and neurons, highlighting the complex intercellular (patho)physiology of neuroferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indigenous representation in neuroscience scholarship, teaching and care 土著代表在神经科学学术，教学和护理
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00933-2
Melissa L. Perreault, Rudi Taylor-Bragge, Hervé Chneiweiss, Andre D. McLachlan, T. Ryan Gregory, Roksana Khalid, Katherine Bassil, Anna Lydia Svalastog, Minerva R. Velarde, Judy Illes
{"title":"Indigenous representation in neuroscience scholarship, teaching and care","authors":"Melissa L. Perreault, Rudi Taylor-Bragge, Hervé Chneiweiss, Andre D. McLachlan, T. Ryan Gregory, Roksana Khalid, Katherine Bassil, Anna Lydia Svalastog, Minerva R. Velarde, Judy Illes","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00933-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00933-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a global push to recognize Indigenous knowledge systems in research, neuroscience remains embedded in Euro-Western ways of means and methods. Authentic capacity-building will bring Indigenous ways of knowing and doing to the neuroscience workforce, to research and to training, and will lead to diversified and strengthened approaches to discovery and clinical care strategies.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain mechanisms underlying the inhibitory control of thought 思维抑制控制背后的大脑机制
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00929-y
Michael C. Anderson, Maite Crespo-Garcia, S. Subbulakshmi
{"title":"Brain mechanisms underlying the inhibitory control of thought","authors":"Michael C. Anderson, Maite Crespo-Garcia, S. Subbulakshmi","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00929-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00929-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlling action and thought requires the capacity to stop mental processes. Over the past two decades, evidence has grown that a domain-general inhibitory control mechanism supported by the right lateral prefrontal cortex achieves these functions. However, current views of the neural mechanisms of inhibitory control derive largely from research into the stopping of action. Whereas action stopping is a convenient empirical model, it does not invoke thought inhibition and cannot be used to identify the unique features of this process. Here, we review research that addresses how organisms stop a key process that drives thoughts: memory retrieval. This work has shown that retrieval stopping shares right dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal mechanisms with action stopping, consistent with a domain-general inhibitory control mechanism, but also recruits a distinct fronto-temporal pathway that determines the success of mental control. As part of this pathway, GABAergic inhibition within the hippocampus influences the efficacy of prefrontal control over thought. These unique elements of mental control suggest that hippocampal disinhibition is a transdiagnostic factor underlying intrusive thinking, linking the fronto-temporal control pathway to preclinical models of psychiatric disorders and fear extinction. We suggest that retrieval-stopping deficits may underlie the intrusive thinking that is common across many psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the complexity of MECP2 function in Rett syndrome 探讨Rett综合征MECP2功能的复杂性
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00926-1
Yi Liu, Troy W. Whitfield, George W. Bell, Ruisi Guo, Anthony Flamier, Richard A. Young, Rudolf Jaenisch
{"title":"Exploring the complexity of MECP2 function in Rett syndrome","authors":"Yi Liu, Troy W. Whitfield, George W. Bell, Ruisi Guo, Anthony Flamier, Richard A. Young, Rudolf Jaenisch","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00926-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00926-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in the methyl-DNA-binding protein MECP2. MECP2 is an important epigenetic regulator that plays a pivotal role in neuronal gene regulation, where it has been reported to function as both a repressor and an activator. Despite extensive efforts in mechanistic studies over the past two decades, a clear consensus on how MECP2 dysfunction impacts molecular mechanisms and contributes to disease progression has not been reached. Here, we review recent insights from epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies that advance our understanding of MECP2 as an interacting hub for DNA, RNA and transcription factors, orchestrating diverse processes that are crucial for neuronal function. By discussing findings from different model systems, we identify crucial epigenetic details and cofactor interactions, enriching our understanding of the multifaceted roles of MECP2 in transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure. These mechanistic insights offer potential avenues for rational therapeutic design for RTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From avoidance to new action: the multifaceted role of the striatal indirect pathway 从回避到新的行动：纹状体间接通路的多方面作用
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00925-2
Jaeeon Lee, Bernardo L. Sabatini
{"title":"From avoidance to new action: the multifaceted role of the striatal indirect pathway","authors":"Jaeeon Lee, Bernardo L. Sabatini","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00925-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00925-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A hallmark of optimal reinforcement learning is that an agent learns to avoid actions that lead to negative outcomes while still exploring alternative actions that could lead to better outcomes. Although the basal ganglia have been hypothesized to contribute to this computation, the mechanisms by which they do so are still unclear. Here, we focus on the function of the striatal indirect pathway and propose that it is regulated by a synaptic plasticity rule that allows an animal to avoid actions that lead to suboptimal outcomes. We consider current theories of striatal indirect pathway function in light of recent experimental findings and discuss studies that suggest that indirect pathway activity is potentiated by the suppression of dopamine release in the striatum. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies showing that activation of the indirect pathway can trigger an action, allowing animals to explore new actions while suppressing suboptimal actions. We show how our framework can reconcile previously conflicting results regarding the indirect pathway and suggest experiments for future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Getting anxious about immune system activation 对免疫系统激活感到焦虑
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00928-z
Sian Lewis
{"title":"Getting anxious about immune system activation","authors":"Sian Lewis","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00928-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00928-z","url":null,"abstract":"A possible mechanism for the increased incidence of mood disorders in people with immune system disorders such as psoriasis is revealed where, in mice, elevated serum levels of the cytokines IL-17A and IL-17C induce anxiety-like symptoms via activation of neurons in the anterior basolateral amygdala.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional diversity of amacrine cells 无毛细胞的功能多样性
IF 34.7 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00931-4
Darran Yates
{"title":"Functional diversity of amacrine cells","authors":"Darran Yates","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00931-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00931-4","url":null,"abstract":"A new study reveals over 40 functionally different types of amacrine cell in the mouse retina.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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