Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献

Early adversity alters brain architecture and increases susceptibility to mental health disorders 早期的逆境改变了大脑结构，增加了对精神健康障碍的易感性

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00948-9

Charles A. Nelson, Eileen F. Sullivan, Viviane Valdes

{"title":"Early adversity alters brain architecture and increases susceptibility to mental health disorders","authors":"Charles A. Nelson, Eileen F. Sullivan, Viviane Valdes","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00948-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00948-9","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, millions of children around the world are exposed to a host of adverse experiences early in life. These include various forms of maltreatment, growing up in unsafe neighbourhoods, and witnessing intimate partner violence. These experiences exact a toll on the brain development and mental health of children. In this Review, we attempt to explain how brain architecture and circuitry are affected by exposure to such early adversity, which in turn increases susceptibility to mental health disorders later in life. We begin defining what we mean by early adversity and then summarize the experience-dependent nature of postnatal brain development. Within this context, we discuss times in development when the brain is particularly receptive to experience (critical periods) and, thus, is more vulnerable to adverse experiences. Drawing from studies with both rodent and non-human primate models and neuroimaging research with humans, we next discuss how the circuitry of the brain is affected by early-life adversity, with a focus on the subsequent effects upon neural network development. We then review the mental health consequences of adverse experiences in early life across mental health disorders and within specific dimensions of psychopathology. We conclude by offering a conceptual model of the pathway that links exposure to adversity early in life to these mental health outcomes later in life, and we provide suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Top-down and bottom-up neuroscience: overcoming the clash of research cultures 自上而下和自下而上的神经科学：克服研究文化的冲突

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00946-x

Fernando E. Rosas, Andrea I. Luppi, Pedro A. M. Mediano, Morten L. Kringelbach, Luiz Pessoa, Federico Turkheimer

引用次数: 0

Reward encoded relative to experience 与经验相关的奖励编码

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00951-0

Jake Rogers

引用次数: 0

Towards single-cell-resolution global maps of mammalian brains 迈向哺乳动物大脑单细胞分辨率全球地图

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00949-8

Chengyu T. Li, Wu Wei

引用次数: 0

Molecular and functional diversity of the autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统的分子和功能多样性

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00941-2

Tongtong Wang, Avedis Tufenkjian, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Yuki Oka

{"title":"Molecular and functional diversity of the autonomic nervous system","authors":"Tongtong Wang, Avedis Tufenkjian, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Yuki Oka","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00941-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00941-2","url":null,"abstract":"The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a pivotal role in regulating organ functions through descending brain-to-body signalling. The pathways involved are broadly categorized into two major branches: the sympathetic nervous system, which mediates ‘fight or flight’ responses, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which governs ‘rest and digest’ functions. Historically, the ANS was considered to mediate simple motor functions with limited neurochemical diversity. However, recent advances in neurotechnology have shown that brain-to-body communication is more complex and dynamic than previously appreciated. This review synthesizes current knowledge about the molecular, anatomical and functional diversity of autonomic motor neurons. Here we present a comparative analysis of the cellular architecture of the ANS and the suggested roles of distinct neuron populations. Additionally, we explore the emerging view that the ANS interacts with diverse systems involving metabolism, immunology and ageing, which extends its role beyond simple brain–organ modulation. Finally, we emphasize the need for cell-type-specific and longitudinal studies of the ANS to uncover novel mechanisms underlying body–brain interactions and to identify new translational opportunities for therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repulsion in the human hippocampus is linked to internal beliefs 人类海马体中的排斥力与内在信念有关

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00947-w

Caroline Barranco

引用次数: 0

A new myeloid cell migration route 一种新的髓细胞迁移途径

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00944-z

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

A reality check 现实检查

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00942-1

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Rethinking excitation/inhibition balance in the human brain 重新思考人脑的兴奋/抑制平衡

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00943-0

Roi Cohen Kadosh

引用次数: 0

Three-photon microscopy: an emerging technique for deep intravital brain imaging 三光子显微镜：一种新兴的深部活体脑成像技术

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00937-y

Robert Prevedel, Júlia Ferrer Ortas, Jason N. D. Kerr, Jack Waters, Michael O. Breckwoldt, Benjamin Deneen, Michelle Monje, Stella J. Soyka, Varun Venkataramani

{"title":"Three-photon microscopy: an emerging technique for deep intravital brain imaging","authors":"Robert Prevedel, Júlia Ferrer Ortas, Jason N. D. Kerr, Jack Waters, Michael O. Breckwoldt, Benjamin Deneen, Michelle Monje, Stella J. Soyka, Varun Venkataramani","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00937-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-025-00937-y","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding brain function and pathology requires observation of cellular dynamics within intact neural circuits. Although two-photon microscopy revolutionized mammalian in vivo brain imaging, its limitation to upper cortical layers has restricted access to many important brain regions. Three-photon microscopy overcomes this constraint, enabling minimally invasive yet high-resolution visualization of the deep cortical and subcortical structures that are crucial for higher-order brain functions. This emerging technology opens new avenues for investigating fundamental aspects of neuroscience, from circuit dynamics to disease mechanisms. Here, we examine how three-photon microscopy has started to transform our ability to investigate neural circuits, glial biology, and oncological and neuroimmune interactions in previously inaccessible brain regions, primarily in the mouse, but also in other model organisms. We discuss current technical challenges, recent innovations and future applications that promise to bring us greater understanding of the living brain.","PeriodicalId":19082,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0