{"title":"One but not the same — the many genomes of the brain","authors":"Tracy A. Bedrosian","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00852-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00852-z","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Tracy Bedrosian describes a 2001 paper by Rehen et al. that provided early evidence of pervasive somatic variation throughout the human brain.","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An uneasy truce between population health and the gene pools within our bodies","authors":"Kelley Harris","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00851-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00851-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Kelley Harris recalls a 2003 paper by Goriely et al. that identified interesting evolutionary forces acting on mutations that are beneficial for cells within our bodies but detrimental to the health of our children.","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the logic and grammar of cis-regulatory elements","authors":"Juan I. Fuxman Bass","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00847-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00847-w","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Juan Fuxman Bass reflects on two papers, by Melnikov et al. and Patwardhan et al., that transformed the field of regulatory genomics by devising methods to study thousands of cis-regulatory elements simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revealing secrets of human genetic variation with population databases","authors":"Nicole J. Lake","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00848-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00848-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Nicole Lake recalls a 2016 paper by Lek et al., as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium, that presented a foundational population database for researchers and clinicians.","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TACIT and CoTACIT for histone modification profiling in single cells and lineage tracing","authors":"Min Liu, Aibin He","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00844-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00844-z","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tools of the Trade article, Min Liu and Aibin He describe TACIT, a single-cell method that maps histone modifications at near genome-wide coverage, and its extension CoTACIT, which simultaneously maps up to six histone modifications in the same cell.","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diane D. Shao, Andrea J. Kriz, Daniel A. Snellings, Zinan Zhou, Yifan Zhao, Liz Enyenihi, Christopher Walsh
{"title":"Advances in single-cell DNA sequencing enable insights into human somatic mosaicism","authors":"Diane D. Shao, Andrea J. Kriz, Daniel A. Snellings, Zinan Zhou, Yifan Zhao, Liz Enyenihi, Christopher Walsh","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00832-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00832-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>DNA sequencing from bulk or clonal human tissues has shown that genetic mosaicism is common and contributes to both cancer and non-cancerous disorders. However, single-cell resolution is required to understand the full genetic heterogeneity that exists within a tissue and the mechanisms that lead to somatic mosaicism. Single-cell DNA-sequencing technologies have traditionally trailed behind those of single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics, largely because most applications require whole-genome amplification before costly whole-genome sequencing. Now, recent technological and computational advances are enabling the use of single-cell DNA sequencing to tackle previously intractable problems, such as delineating the genetic landscape of tissues with complex clonal patterns, of samples where cellular material is scarce and of non-cycling, postmitotic cells. Single-cell genomes are also revealing the mutational patterns that arise from biological processes or disease states, and have made it possible to track cell lineage in human tissues. These advances in our understanding of tissue biology and our ability to identify disease mechanisms will ultimately transform how disease is diagnosed and monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging roles of transcriptional condensates as temporal signal integrators","authors":"Kirstin Meyer, Bo Huang, Orion D. Weiner","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00837-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00837-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transcription factors relay information from the external environment to gene regulatory networks that control cell physiology. To confer signalling specificity, robustness and coordination, these signalling networks use temporal communication codes, such as the amplitude, duration or frequency of signals. Although much is known about how temporal information is encoded, a mechanistic understanding of how gene regulatory networks decode signalling dynamics is lacking. Recent advances in our understanding of phase separation of transcriptional condensates provide new biophysical frameworks for both temporal encoding and decoding mechanisms. In this Perspective, we summarize the mechanisms by which transcriptional condensates could enable temporal decoding through signal adaptation, memory and persistence. We further outline methods to probe and manipulate dynamic communication codes of transcription factors and condensates to rationally control gene activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging genetics to understand ADAR1-mediated RNA editing in health and disease","authors":"Jin Billy Li, Carl R. Walkley","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00830-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00830-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endogenous, long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can resemble viral dsRNA and be recognized by cytosolic dsRNA sensors, triggering autoimmunity. Genetic studies of rare, inherited human diseases and experiments using mouse models have established the importance of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing by the enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) as a critical safeguard against autoinflammatory responses to cellular dsRNA. More recently, human genetic studies have revealed that dsRNA editing and sensing mechanisms are involved in common inflammatory diseases, emphasizing the broader role of dsRNA in modulating immune responses and disease pathogenesis. These findings have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting dsRNA editing and sensing, as exemplified by the emergence of ADAR1 inhibition in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SHOX value: the pseudoautosomal gene underlying short stature in Turner syndrome","authors":"Adrianna K. San Roman","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00842-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00842-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Adrianna San Roman describes a 1997 study by Rao et al. that exemplifies how thorough measuring of genotypes and phenotypes in a variable human cohort is instrumental to identifying the genetic basis of clinical phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karine Choquet, Ines L. Patop, L. Stirling Churchman
{"title":"The regulation and function of post-transcriptional RNA splicing","authors":"Karine Choquet, Ines L. Patop, L. Stirling Churchman","doi":"10.1038/s41576-025-00836-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00836-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eukaryotic RNA transcripts undergo extensive processing before becoming functional messenger RNAs, with splicing being a critical and highly regulated step that occurs both co-transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Recent analyses have revealed, with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, that up to 40% of mammalian introns are retained after transcription termination and are subsequently removed largely while transcripts remain chromatin-associated. Post-transcriptional splicing has emerged as a key layer of gene expression regulation during development, stress response and disease progression. The control of post-transcriptional splicing regulates protein production through delayed splicing and nuclear export, or nuclear retention and degradation of specific transcript isoforms. Here, we review current methodologies for detecting post-transcriptional splicing, discuss the mechanisms controlling the timing of splicing and examine how this temporal regulation affects gene expression programmes in healthy cells and in disease states.</p>","PeriodicalId":19067,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Genetics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}