Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology最新文献_第7页

A SOX9 switch from regeneration to fibrosis 从再生到纤维化的 SOX9 转换。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00720-4

Kim Baumann

引用次数: 0

Keeping a low cGAS profile in the nucleus 保持细胞核中较低的 cGAS 浓度。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00717-z

Eytan Zlotorynski

引用次数: 0

Cellular and molecular control of vertebrate somitogenesis 脊椎动物体节发生的细胞和分子控制。

IF 81.3 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00709-z

Yuchuan Miao, Olivier Pourquié

{"title":"Cellular and molecular control of vertebrate somitogenesis","authors":"Yuchuan Miao, Olivier Pourquié","doi":"10.1038/s41580-024-00709-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-024-00709-z","url":null,"abstract":"Segmentation is a fundamental feature of the vertebrate body plan. This metameric organization is first implemented by somitogenesis in the early embryo, when paired epithelial blocks called somites are rhythmically formed to flank the neural tube. Recent advances in in vitro models have offered new opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie somitogenesis. Notably, models derived from human pluripotent stem cells introduced an efficient proxy for studying this process during human development. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of somitogenesis gained from both in vivo studies and in vitro studies. We deconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of somitogenesis into four distinct modules: dynamic events in the presomitic mesoderm, segmental determination, somite anteroposterior polarity patterning, and epithelial morphogenesis. We first focus on the segmentation clock, as well as signalling and metabolic gradients along the tissue, before discussing the clock and wavefront and other models that account for segmental determination. We then detail the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anteroposterior polarity patterning and somite epithelialization. Somite formation, crucial for organization of the segmental pattern of vertebrate embryos, depends on the oscillatory expression of segmentation clock genes. Novel in vitro models of somitogenesis have provided insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene expression, signalling and metabolic gradients that enable somite formation and patterning.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":81.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancer selectivity in space and time: from enhancer–promoter interactions to promoter activation 增强子在空间和时间上的选择性：从增强子-启动子相互作用到启动子激活。

IF 81.3 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00710-6

Jin H. Yang, Anders S. Hansen

{"title":"Enhancer selectivity in space and time: from enhancer–promoter interactions to promoter activation","authors":"Jin H. Yang, Anders S. Hansen","doi":"10.1038/s41580-024-00710-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-024-00710-6","url":null,"abstract":"The primary regulators of metazoan gene expression are enhancers, originally functionally defined as DNA sequences that can activate transcription at promoters in an orientation-independent and distance-independent manner. Despite being crucial for gene regulation in animals, what mechanisms underlie enhancer selectivity for promoters, and more fundamentally, how enhancers interact with promoters and activate transcription, remain poorly understood. In this Review, we first discuss current models of enhancer–promoter interactions in space and time and how enhancers affect transcription activation. Next, we discuss different mechanisms that mediate enhancer selectivity, including repression, biochemical compatibility and regulation of 3D genome structure. Through 3D polymer simulations, we illustrate how the ability of 3D genome folding mechanisms to mediate enhancer selectivity strongly varies for different enhancer–promoter interaction mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how recent technical advances may provide new insights into mechanisms of enhancer–promoter interactions and how technical biases in methods such as Hi-C and Micro-C and imaging techniques may affect their interpretation. Gene regulation in animals depends chiefly on enhancers, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This Review discusses enhancer–promoter interactions and transcription activation, focusing on how enhancer–promoter selectivity is achieved and on recent technical advances that may provide new insights into transcription activation.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":81.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intrinsic calibration and deformation mapping for expansion microscopy using GelMap 利用 GelMap 对膨胀显微镜进行本征校准和变形绘图

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00714-2

Josiah B. Passmore, Hugo G. J. Damstra

引用次数: 0

Live-cell imaging powered by computation 用计算驱动活细胞成像

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00702-6

Hari Shroff, Ilaria Testa, Florian Jug, Suliana Manley

{"title":"Live-cell imaging powered by computation","authors":"Hari Shroff, Ilaria Testa, Florian Jug, Suliana Manley","doi":"10.1038/s41580-024-00702-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-024-00702-6","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of microscopy methods for live-cell imaging offers many new possibilities for users but can also be challenging to navigate. The prevailing challenge in live-cell fluorescence microscopy is capturing intra-cellular dynamics while preserving cell viability. Computational methods can help to address this challenge and are now shifting the boundaries of what is possible to capture in living systems. In this Review, we discuss these computational methods focusing on artificial intelligence-based approaches that can be layered on top of commonly used existing microscopies as well as hybrid methods that integrate computation and microscope hardware. We specifically discuss how computational approaches can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, temporal resolution and multi-colour capacity of live-cell imaging. The prevailing challenge in live-cell fluorescence microscopy is capturing intra-cellular dynamics while preserving cell viability. Alongside developments of microscopy hardware, computational methods — especially those based on machine learning — are powerful tools to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, temporal resolution and multi-colour capacity of live-cell imaging.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging mechanistic understanding of cilia function in cellular signalling 对纤毛在细胞信号传导中功能的新机理认识

IF 81.3 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00698-5

Keren I. Hilgendorf, Benjamin R. Myers, Jeremy F. Reiter

{"title":"Emerging mechanistic understanding of cilia function in cellular signalling","authors":"Keren I. Hilgendorf, Benjamin R. Myers, Jeremy F. Reiter","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00698-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00698-5","url":null,"abstract":"Primary cilia are solitary, immotile sensory organelles present on most cells in the body that participate broadly in human health, physiology and disease. Cilia generate a unique environment for signal transduction with tight control of protein, lipid and second messenger concentrations within a relatively small compartment, enabling reception, transmission and integration of biological information. In this Review, we discuss how cilia function as signalling hubs in cell–cell communication using three signalling pathways as examples: ciliary G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and polycystin ion channels. We review how defects in these ciliary signalling pathways lead to a heterogeneous group of conditions known as ‘ciliopathies’, including metabolic syndromes, birth defects and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging understanding of these pathways’ transduction mechanisms reveals common themes between these cilia-based signalling pathways that may apply to other pathways as well. These mechanistic insights reveal how cilia orchestrate normal and pathophysiological signalling outputs broadly throughout human biology. Cilia are microtubule-based cell projections that provide a unique environment with precise protein, lipid and second messenger concentrations, thereby creating specialized signalling hubs. This Review discusses recent multidisciplinary, mechanistic insights into cilia-based signalling pathways during development and homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":81.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cell biology of ferroptosis 铁变态反应的细胞生物学

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00703-5

Scott J. Dixon, James A. Olzmann

{"title":"The cell biology of ferroptosis","authors":"Scott J. Dixon, James A. Olzmann","doi":"10.1038/s41580-024-00703-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-024-00703-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death mechanism characterized by iron-dependent membrane lipid peroxidation. Here, we review what is known about the cellular mechanisms mediating the execution and regulation of ferroptosis. We first consider how the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxides leads to the execution of ferroptosis by altering ion transport across the plasma membrane. We then discuss how metabolites and enzymes that are distributed in different compartments and organelles throughout the cell can regulate sensitivity to ferroptosis by impinging upon iron, lipid and redox metabolism. Indeed, metabolic pathways that reside in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, peroxisomes and other organelles all contribute to the regulation of ferroptosis sensitivity. We note how the regulation of ferroptosis sensitivity by these different organelles and pathways seems to vary between different cells and death-inducing conditions. We also highlight transcriptional master regulators that integrate the functions of different pathways and organelles to modulate ferroptosis sensitivity globally. Throughout this Review, we highlight open questions and areas in which progress is needed to better understand the cell biology of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent cell death mechanism driven by plasma membrane lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane rupture. Various cellular compartments and organelles contribute to regulating susceptibility to ferroptosis. This regulation involves a plethora of mechanisms centred on iron metabolism and storage, lipid metabolism, and redox balance.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139746990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation 蛋白质 S-酰化的机制和功能。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8

Francisco S. Mesquita, Laurence Abrami, Maurine E. Linder, Shernaz X. Bamji, Bryan C. Dickinson, F. Gisou van der Goot

{"title":"Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation","authors":"Francisco S. Mesquita, Laurence Abrami, Maurine E. Linder, Shernaz X. Bamji, Bryan C. Dickinson, F. Gisou van der Goot","doi":"10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty acid to a protein. Maintenance of the equilibrium between protein S-acylation and deacylation has demonstrated profound effects on various cellular processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, as well as on brain and heart function. This Review provides an overview of current understanding of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes, their spatiotemporal regulation by sophisticated multilayered mechanisms, and their influence on protein function, cellular processes and physiological pathways. Furthermore, we examine how disruptions in protein S-acylation are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases from cancer to autoinflammatory disorders and neurological conditions. Protein S-acylation is involved in many pathophysiological processes. Here, Mesquita et al. discuss the structure, function and regulation of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes and describe how this post-transcriptional modification precisely controls protein–cell membrane interactions. Potential therapeutic applications of S-acylation are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A catalytic function for mammalian Argonautes 哺乳动物 Argonautes 的催化功能。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00713-3

Joana A. Vidigal

引用次数: 0