{"title":"Why adaptive immunity?","authors":"Caetano Reis e Sousa","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01350-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01350-x","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive immunity is indispensable to vertebrates, yet most living organisms defend themselves perfectly well without it. Here, I ask why somatically diversified antigen recognition evolved and whether its original advantage extended beyond host defence.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 10","pages":"714-715"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immune surveillance and immune evasion of senescent cells.","authors":"Pau Garcia-Baucells, Manuel Serrano, Corina Amor","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01335-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01335-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Senescence, which is defined as a state of stable cell cycle arrest, can occur in all tissues of the body. The surveillance and clearance of senescent cells by the immune system is necessary for tissue homeostasis; when this immune surveillance does not occur efficiently, for example, during tumorigenesis and ageing, it has pathological consequences. For example, if the immune clearance of senescent cells is evaded, such as through recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, expression of immune checkpoint molecules by senescent cells or suppression of antigen presentation, senescent cells accumulate and lead to tissue dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic modulation of the immune surveillance of senescent cells could be effective for the prevention and treatment of age-associated diseases including cancer. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the tissue-specific and context-specific processes that influence immune surveillance of senescent cells. We highlight the need for further research examining senescence across additional settings as well as the role of unexplored immune cell populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingshu Song, Qian Wu, Douglas R Green, Fudi Wang, Junxia Min
{"title":"Ferroptosis in T cells: mechanisms, biology and translational opportunities.","authors":"Jingshu Song, Qian Wu, Douglas R Green, Fudi Wang, Junxia Min","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01337-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01337-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by disrupted iron homeostasis and uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Various metabolites and enzymes regulate cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis by affecting iron, lipid and redox metabolism. These pathways not only signal ferroptotic cell death but also affect the biology of T cells. The pathways include mechanisms by which iron metabolism regulates T cell activation via transferrin receptor 1-mTOR signalling, mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation drives vulnerability to ferroptosis in tumour-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and mechanisms by which redox networks are balanced to maintain T cell survival. Here, we highlight the T cell subset-specific effects of ferroptosis-related pathways and ferroptosis susceptibility, and the implications for immunotherapy. We also discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies, including ferroptosis-resistant adoptive T cell therapy and ferroptosis-inducing approaches, that enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade for cancer treatment. Finally, we propose a framework for precision T cell-based immunotherapies, positioning ferroptosis as a tunable node linking T cell biology to clinical innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Academic biomedical research is national defence","authors":"Miriam Merad","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01341-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01341-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 10","pages":"720-721"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An ear way to calm the airways","authors":"Yvonne Bordon","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01346-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01346-7","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulating the auricular branch of the vagus nerve can suppress allergic airway inflammation in mice.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 9","pages":"631-631"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Big Data and AI are revolutionizing human immunology","authors":"Sarah A. Teichmann","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01340-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01340-z","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding human biology in health and disease has entered a new era, one defined not just by better tools but by a fundamental shift in how biological knowledge is generated.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 10","pages":"709-710"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A lymphatic circuit that sustains antitumour immune surveillance","authors":"Sandhya Yadav, Dmitriy Zamarin","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01342-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01342-x","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Delclaux et al. reports that dendritic cells recirculate tumour antigen to the draining lymph nodes to re-engage tumour-egressed T cells and sustain the antitumour response.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 9","pages":"632-632"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug holidays restore exhausted T cell responses to PD1 blockade","authors":"Chih-Wei Chu, Kenneth Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01343-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01343-w","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Ngiow et al. shows that intermittent PD1 blockade incorporating a ‘drug holiday’ preserves the proliferative and differentiation capacity of progenitor exhausted T cells.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 9","pages":"633-633"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macrophages are constitutive architects of tissue integrity","authors":"Miriam Merad","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01334-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01334-x","url":null,"abstract":"The lineage distinction between inflammatory, defence-oriented, monocyte-derived macrophages and resident macrophages dedicated to tissue maintenance calls into question the primordial function of macrophages and offers untapped therapeutic targets in these cells.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 9","pages":"629-630"},"PeriodicalIF":47.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshat Sharma, Gina G. Bishara, Scott H. Olejniczak, Joyce E. Ohm, Renier J. Brentjens, Ajay Gupta
{"title":"Interleukin-18 armours antitumour immune effectors","authors":"Akshat Sharma, Gina G. Bishara, Scott H. Olejniczak, Joyce E. Ohm, Renier J. Brentjens, Ajay Gupta","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01330-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01330-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}