Nature Reviews Immunology最新文献_第10页

The renaissance of oral tolerance: merging tradition and new insights 口腔宽容的复兴：传统与新见解的融合

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01077-7

Vuk Cerovic, Oliver Pabst, Allan McI Mowat

{"title":"The renaissance of oral tolerance: merging tradition and new insights","authors":"Vuk Cerovic, Oliver Pabst, Allan McI Mowat","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01077-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01077-7","url":null,"abstract":"Oral tolerance is the process by which feeding of soluble proteins induces antigen-specific systemic immune unresponsiveness. Oral tolerance is thought to have a central role in suppressing immune responses to ‘harmless’ food antigens, and its failure can lead to development of pathologies such as food allergies or coeliac disease. However, on the basis of long-standing experimental observations, the relevance of oral tolerance in human health has achieved new prominence recently following the discovery that oral administration of peanut proteins prevents the development of peanut allergy in at-risk human infants. In this Review, we summarize the new mechanistic insights into three key processes necessary for the induction of tolerance to oral antigens: antigen uptake and transport across the small intestinal epithelial barrier to the underlying immune cells; the processing, transport and presentation of fed antigen by different populations of antigen-presenting cells; and the development of immunosuppressive T cell populations that mediate antigen-specific tolerance. In addition, we consider how related but distinct processes maintain tolerance to bacterial antigens in the large intestine. Finally, we outline the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of failure of oral tolerance and how these may be modulated to enhance clinical outcomes and prevent disease. Oral tolerance describes how the oral administration of harmless antigens (such as dietary proteins) leads to systemic immune unresponsiveness to these antigens. Its failure can lead to conditions such as food allergies. This Review from Cerovic, Pabst and Mowat explores new insights into the mechanisms of oral tolerance, discussing how ingested antigens enter and are processed in the intestine, the roles for unique antigen-presenting cells and the induction of immunosuppressive T cell populations. The authors also examine the maintenance of tolerance to bacterial antigens in the intestine, and they discuss the mechanisms behind the failure of oral tolerance and potential clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"42-56"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunological studies in trans-individuals undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy 对接受性别平权激素治疗的变性人进行免疫学研究。

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01070-0

Anna James, Petter Brodin

引用次数: 0

Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system 重新定义我们的视觉：眼部免疫系统最新指南

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01064-y

Mengliang Wu, Erica L. Fletcher, Holly R. Chinnery, Laura E. Downie, Scott N. Mueller

{"title":"Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system","authors":"Mengliang Wu, Erica L. Fletcher, Holly R. Chinnery, Laura E. Downie, Scott N. Mueller","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01064-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01064-y","url":null,"abstract":"Balanced immune responses in the eyes are crucial to preserve vision. The ocular immune system has long been considered distinct, owing to the so-called ‘immune privilege’ of its component tissues. More recently, intravital imaging and transcriptomic techniques have reshaped scientific understanding of the ocular immune landscape, such as revealing the specialization of immune cell populations in the various tissues of the eye. As knowledge of the phenotypes of corneal and retinal immune cells has evolved, links to both the systemic immune system, and the central and peripheral nervous systems, have been identified. Using intravital imaging, T cells have recently been found to reside in, and actively patrol, the healthy human cornea. Disease-associated retinal microglia with links to retinal degeneration have also been identified. This Review provides an updated guide to the ocular immune system, highlighting current knowledge of the immune cells that are present in steady-state and specific diseased ocular tissues, as well as evidence for their relationship to systemic disease. In addition, we discuss emerging intravital imaging techniques that can be used to visualize immune cell morphology and dynamics in living human eyes and how these could be applied to advance understanding of the human immune system. This Review provides an overview of the immune system of the eye at steady state and in ocular disease, and it describes the links between ocular immunology and systemic disease. It highlights the intravital imaging techniques that have provided insights into immune cell morphology and dynamics in living human eyes.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"24 12","pages":"896-911"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining spatial metabolomics and proteomics profiling of single cells 结合空间代谢组学和蛋白质组学对单细胞进行特征分析

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01084-8

Mayar Allam, Ahmet F. Coskun

引用次数: 0

Lipid transfer from tumour-associated macrophages supports glioblastoma 肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的脂质转移为胶质母细胞瘤提供支持

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01086-6

Kirsty Minton

引用次数: 0

Organoids identify a role for IL-7 in coeliac disease 器官组织确定了 IL-7 在乳糜泻中的作用

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01082-w

Yvonne Bordon

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement of infectious disease 抗体依赖性增强传染性疾病的机制

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01067-9

Timothy J. Wells, Tyron Esposito, Ian R. Henderson, Larisa I. Labzin

{"title":"Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement of infectious disease","authors":"Timothy J. Wells, Tyron Esposito, Ian R. Henderson, Larisa I. Labzin","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01067-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01067-9","url":null,"abstract":"Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infectious disease is a phenomenon whereby host antibodies increase the severity of an infection. It is well established in viral infections but ADE also has an underappreciated role during bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. ADE can occur during both primary infections and re-infections with the same or a related pathogen; therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of ADE is critical for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of many infectious diseases. Here, we review the four distinct mechanisms by which antibodies increase disease severity during an infection. We discuss the most established mechanistic explanation for ADE, where cross-reactive, disease-enhancing antibodies bound to pathogens interact with Fc receptors, thereby enhancing pathogen entry or replication, ultimately increasing the total pathogen load. Additionally, we explore how some pathogenic antibodies can shield bacteria from complement-dependent killing, thereby enhancing bacterial survival. We interrogate the molecular mechanisms by which antibodies can amplify inflammation to drive severe disease, even in the absence of increased pathogen replication. We also examine emerging roles for autoantibodies in enhancing the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Finally, we discuss how we can leverage these insights to improve vaccine design and future treatments for infectious diseases. This Review discusses the different mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infectious disease, including how antibodies can increase the pathogen load, protect bacteria from the immune system and amplify inflammation. The authors also highlight the role of autoantibodies and consider how a better understanding of ADE can be used to improve vaccines and treatments for infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"6-21"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Non-classical monocytes have the support of the whole vascular tree 非典型单核细胞得到整个血管树的支持

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01078-6

Kirsty Minton

引用次数: 0

How neuroinflammation weakens muscles 神经炎症如何削弱肌肉

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01074-w

Alexandra Flemming

引用次数: 0

Early life antibiotics have lasting effects on the lung epithelium 早期抗生素对肺上皮的持久影响