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Patterns of pathogenesis in innate immunity: insights from C. elegans
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01167-0
Samantha Tse-Kang, Khursheed A. Wani, Read Pukkila-Worley
{"title":"Patterns of pathogenesis in innate immunity: insights from C. elegans","authors":"Samantha Tse-Kang, Khursheed A. Wani, Read Pukkila-Worley","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01167-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01167-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cells in barrier tissues can distinguish pathogenic from commensal bacteria and target inflammatory responses only in the context of infection. As such, these cells must be able to identify pathogen infection specifically and not just the presence of an infectious organism, because many innocuous bacteria express the ligands that activate innate immunity in other contexts. Unravelling the mechanisms that underly this specificity, however, is challenging. Free-living nematodes, such as <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, are faced with a similar dilemma, as they live in microorganism-rich habitats and eat bacteria as their source of nutrition. Nematodes lost canonical mechanisms of pattern recognition during their evolution and have instead evolved mechanisms to identify specific ligands or symptoms in the host that indicate active infection with an infectious microorganism. Here we review how <i>C. elegans</i> surveys for these patterns of pathogenesis to activate innate immune defences. Collectively, this work demonstrates that using <i>C. elegans</i> as an experimental platform to study host–pathogen interactions at barrier surfaces reveals primordial and fundamentally important principles of innate immune sensing in the animal branch of the tree of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis 哮喘和慢性鼻炎的免疫学
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01159-0
Atsushi Kato, Hirohito Kita
{"title":"The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis","authors":"Atsushi Kato, Hirohito Kita","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01159-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01159-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are common chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract that have increased in prevalence over the past five decades. The clinical relationship between asthma and CRS has been well recognized, suggesting a common pathogenesis between these diseases. Both diseases are driven by complex airway epithelial cell and immune cell interactions that occur in response to environmental triggers such as allergens, microorganisms and irritants. Advances, including a growing understanding of the biology of the cells involved in the disease, the application of multiomics technologies and the performance of large-scale clinical studies, have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of asthma and CRS. This research has promoted the concept that these diseases consist of several endotypes, in which airway epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells, T cells, B cells, granulocytes and their mediators are distinctly involved in the immunopathology. Identification of the disease heterogeneity and immunological markers has also greatly improved the protocols for biologic therapies and the clinical outcomes in certain subsets of patients. However, many clinical and research questions remain. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in characterizing the immunological mechanisms of asthma and CRS, with a focus on the main cell types and molecules involved in these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The diversity of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in cancer and viral infection 癌症和病毒感染中 CD8+ T 细胞功能障碍的多样性
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01161-6
Lorenzo Galluzzi, Kellie N. Smith, Adrian Liston, Abhishek D. Garg
{"title":"The diversity of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in cancer and viral infection","authors":"Lorenzo Galluzzi, Kellie N. Smith, Adrian Liston, Abhishek D. Garg","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01161-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01161-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells that are repeatedly exposed to antigenic stimulation, such as in the context of progressing neoplasms and chronic viral infections, acquire a dysfunctional or hypofunctional state that is generally known as exhaustion. There have been considerable efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that prevent exhaustion in these pathological scenarios, but there has been limited success. This may be because exhaustion is not the only source of T cell hypofunction in cancer and chronic viral infection. Here, we discuss the molecular and spatiotemporal mechanisms beyond exhaustion that underlie the inability of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to eradicate malignant or chronically infected cells. We also propose a framework to enhance our understanding of these mechanisms — which include tolerization, anergy, senescence, cell death, exclusion and ignorance — with the ultimate aim of informing novel approaches to improve the clinical management of cancer and chronic viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to respond when biomedical science and global health is under existential threat
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01166-1
Daniel M. Altmann, Angela L. Rasmussen
{"title":"How to respond when biomedical science and global health is under existential threat","authors":"Daniel M. Altmann, Angela L. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01166-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01166-1","url":null,"abstract":"US spending in biomedicine has driven pre-eminence in academia, Nobel prizes, scientific training discovery, translation and healthcare. The associated USAID spend on global health programmes has worldwide impacts, including on the ongoing HIV eradication timeline. Current policy changes place this continued trajectory&nbsp;into doubt, with ramifications for international research collaborations, global health and pandemic preparedness.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neutrophils make matrix to fortify barrier immunity
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01170-5
Yvonne Bordon
{"title":"Neutrophils make matrix to fortify barrier immunity","authors":"Yvonne Bordon","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01170-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01170-5","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophils not only kill invading microorganisms but also help to prevent their entry into tissues in the first place.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brief blockade of type I IFN increases CD8+ T cell memory
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01171-4
Lucy Bird
{"title":"Brief blockade of type I IFN increases CD8+ T cell memory","authors":"Lucy Bird","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01171-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01171-4","url":null,"abstract":"A study shows that transient blockade of type I interferon signalling during T cell priming enhances the generation of stem cell-like memory CD8+ T cells after viral infection and mRNA vaccination.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lung-resident memory B cells class-switch to IgE
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01169-y
Kirsty Minton
{"title":"Lung-resident memory B cells class-switch to IgE","authors":"Kirsty Minton","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01169-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01169-y","url":null,"abstract":"Nelson et al. report that lung-resident IgG1+ memory B cells class-switch to IgE to mediate airway hypersensitivity in asthma.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CombiCells allow combinatorial display of cell surface ligands
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01168-z
Sofia Bustamante Eguiguren
{"title":"CombiCells allow combinatorial display of cell surface ligands","authors":"Sofia Bustamante Eguiguren","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01168-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01168-z","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tools of the Trade article, Sofia Bustamante Eguiguren (from the Dushek and van der Merwe labs) describes CombiCells, which can be customized to express any combination and concentration of ligands to study receptor–ligands interactions.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulatory T cell and endothelial cell crosstalk
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01149-2
Wenji Piao, Zachariah L. Lee, Gregory Zapas, Long Wu, Christopher M. Jewell, Reza Abdi, Jonathan S. Bromberg
{"title":"Regulatory T cell and endothelial cell crosstalk","authors":"Wenji Piao, Zachariah L. Lee, Gregory Zapas, Long Wu, Christopher M. Jewell, Reza Abdi, Jonathan S. Bromberg","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01149-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01149-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells have a central role in the maintenance of immune surveillance and tolerance. They can migrate from lymphoid organs to blood and then into tissues and egress from tissues into draining lymph nodes. Specialized endothelial cells of blood and lymphatic vessels are the key gatekeepers for these processes. T<sub>reg</sub> cells that transmigrate across single-cell layers of endothelial cells engage in bidirectional crosstalk with these cells and regulate vascular permeability by promoting structural modifications of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. In turn, blood and lymphatic endothelial cells can modulate T<sub>reg</sub> cell recirculation and residency. Here, we discuss recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between T<sub>reg</sub> cells and endothelial cells and explore potential therapeutic strategies to target these interactions in autoimmunity, transplantation and cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Macrophages promote nerve growth in both tumours and spinal cord
IF 100.3 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01164-3
Austeja Baleviciute, Sebastien Talbot
{"title":"Macrophages promote nerve growth in both tumours and spinal cord","authors":"Austeja Baleviciute, Sebastien Talbot","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01164-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01164-3","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Dolci et al. reports that tumour-associated macrophages secrete SPP1 to drive neurite outgrowth, promoting tumour innervation and spinal cord repair.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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