Nature Reviews Immunology最新文献

Viral infection and antiviral immunity in the oral cavity 口腔中的病毒感染和抗病毒免疫力

IF 100.3 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01100-x

Heather D. Hickman, Niki M. Moutsopoulos

{"title":"Viral infection and antiviral immunity in the oral cavity","authors":"Heather D. Hickman, Niki M. Moutsopoulos","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01100-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01100-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individual tissues have distinct antiviral properties garnered through various mechanisms, including physical characteristics, tissue-resident immune cells and commensal organisms. Although the oral mucosa has long been appreciated as a critical barrier tissue that is exposed to a continuous barrage of pathogens, many fundamental aspects of the antiviral immune response in this tissue remain unknown. Several viral pathogens, such as herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses, have been acknowledged both historically and at present for infections in the oral cavity that result in substantial clinical burden. However, recent viral outbreaks, including those with SARS-CoV-2 and mpox, featured oral symptoms even though these viruses are not generally considered oral pathogens. Ensuing studies have shown that the oral cavity is an important locale for viral infection and potential transmission of newly emergent or re-emergent pathogens, highlighting the need for an increased understanding of the mechanisms of antiviral immunity at this site. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of antiviral immune responses in the oral cavity and discuss common viral infections and their manifestations in the oral mucosa. In addition, we present current mouse models for the study of oral viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charge-based immunoreceptor signalling in health and disease 健康和疾病中基于电荷的免疫受体信号传递

IF 100.3 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01105-6

Xiaoshan Shi, Xing He, Chenqi Xu

引用次数: 0

The danger theory of immunity revisited 重温免疫的危险理论

IF 100.3 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01102-9

Guido Kroemer, Léa Montégut, Oliver Kepp, Laurence Zitvogel

{"title":"The danger theory of immunity revisited","authors":"Guido Kroemer, Léa Montégut, Oliver Kepp, Laurence Zitvogel","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01102-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01102-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The danger theory of immunity, introduced by Polly Matzinger in 1994, posits that tissue stress, damage or infection has a decisive role in determining immune responses. Since then, a growing body of evidence has supported the idea that the capacity to elicit cognate immune responses (immunogenicity) relies on the combination of antigenicity (the ability to be recognized by T cell receptors or antibodies) and adjuvanticity (additional signals arising owing to tissue damage). Here, we discuss the molecular foundations of the danger theory while focusing on immunologically relevant damage-associated molecular patterns, microorganism-associated molecular patterns, and neuroendocrine stress-associated immunomodulatory molecules, as well as on their receptors. We critically evaluate patient-relevant evidence, examining how cancer cells and pathogenic viruses suppress damage-associated molecular patterns to evade immune recognition, how intestinal dysbiosis can reduce immunostimulatory microorganism-associated molecular patterns and compromise immune responses, and which hereditary immune defects support the validity of the danger theory. Furthermore, we incorporate the danger hypothesis into a close-to-fail-safe hierarchy of immunological tolerance mechanisms that also involve the clonal deletion and inactivation of immune cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adipokines: masterminds of metabolic inflammation 脂肪因子：代谢炎症的主谋

IF 100.3 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01103-8

Herbert Tilg, Gianluca Ianiro, Antonio Gasbarrini, Timon E. Adolph

引用次数: 0

Decoding the human prenatal immune system with single-cell multi-omics 用单细胞多组学解码人类产前免疫系统

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01099-1

Muzlifah Haniffa, Aidan Maartens, Elena Winheim, Laura Jardine

{"title":"Decoding the human prenatal immune system with single-cell multi-omics","authors":"Muzlifah Haniffa, Aidan Maartens, Elena Winheim, Laura Jardine","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01099-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01099-1","url":null,"abstract":"The human immune system is made up of a huge variety of cell types each with unique functions. Local networks of resident immune cells are poised to sense and protect against pathogen entry, whereas more widespread innate and adaptive immune networks provide first rapid, then long-lasting and targeted responses. However, how we develop such a diverse and complex system remains unknown. Studying human development directly has been challenging in the past, but recent advances in single-cell and spatial genomics, together with the co-ordinated efforts of the Human Cell Atlas and other initiatives, have led to new studies that map the development of the human immune system in unprecedented detail. In this Review, we consider the timings, transitions, cell types and tissue microenvironments that are crucial for building the human immune system. We also compare and contrast the human system with model species and in vitro systems, and discuss how an understanding of prenatal immune system development will improve our knowledge of human disease. Single-cell multi-omic profiling has revealed how the immune system is established in the human embryo, mapping in unprecedented detail the emergence of progenitors, the handover of haematopoiesis between sites and the diversification of cell lineages across the body.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights into immune cell–fibroblast communication in heart disease 透视心脏病中免疫细胞与成纤维细胞的交流

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01109-2

Alexandra Flemming

引用次数: 0

Targeting ER stress sensor restores immunogenicity of chemotherapy 靶向ER应激传感器可恢复化疗的免疫原性

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01107-4

Yvonne Bordon

引用次数: 0

Obesity-associated intratumoral acidity promotes pro-tumorigenic macrophages 与肥胖有关的瘤内酸性促进了促肿瘤生成的巨噬细胞

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01110-9

Kirsty Minton

引用次数: 0

Human macrophages in pancreas and skin shape prenatal organogenesis 胰腺和皮肤中的人类巨噬细胞塑造了产前器官形成过程

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01106-5

Kirsty Minton

引用次数: 0

From TCR fundamental research to innovative chimeric antigen receptor design 从 TCR 基础研究到创新型嵌合抗原受体设计

IF 67.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01093-7

Susana Minguet, Marcela V. Maus, Wolfgang W. Schamel

{"title":"From TCR fundamental research to innovative chimeric antigen receptor design","authors":"Susana Minguet, Marcela V. Maus, Wolfgang W. Schamel","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01093-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01093-7","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have transformed the treatment of haematological cancers. CARs combine the tumour-antigen-binding function of antibodies with the signalling functions of the T cell receptor (TCR) ζ chain and co-stimulatory receptors. The resulting constructs aim to mimic the TCR-based and co-receptor-based activation of T cells. Although these have been successful for some types of cancer, new CAR formats are needed, to limit side effects and broaden their use to solid cancers. Insights into the mechanisms of TCR signalling, including the identification of signalling motifs that are not present in the TCR ζ chain and mechanistic insights in TCR activation, have enabled the development of CAR formats that outcompete the current CARs in preclinical mouse models and clinical trials. In this Perspective, we explore the mechanistic rationale behind new CAR designs. CAR T cells have transformed the treatment of some haematological cancers. This Perspective explores how insights into T cell receptor signalling have enabled the engineering of CAR formats that can outcompete currently approved CARs in preclinical models and clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0