{"title":"Granzyme B from maternal NK cells perturbs fetal brain development","authors":"Lucy Bird","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01196-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01196-9","url":null,"abstract":"A study describes how maternal immune activation can lead to neurodevelopmental deficits in offspring, through a mechanism involving granzyme B release by decidual natural killer cells.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aki Sinkkonen, Marja Roslund, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Kari C. Nadeau, Harald Renz
{"title":"Can we improve immune health by restoring microbial biodiversity?","authors":"Aki Sinkkonen, Marja Roslund, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Kari C. Nadeau, Harald Renz","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01190-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01190-1","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse microbial exposures in early life reduce the risk of inflammatory conditions, including allergies and autoimmunity. Emerging data suggest that microbial diversity is as important as microbial exposures for shaping the immune system. Here we highlight recent clinical trials that have attempted to restore immune regulation by increasing microbial biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Inês Pascoal Ramos, Michiel van der Vlist, Linde Meyaard
{"title":"Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors: lessons from LAIR1","authors":"M. Inês Pascoal Ramos, Michiel van der Vlist, Linde Meyaard","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01181-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01181-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many inhibitory receptors that regulate immune cell function recognize a limited number of specific ligands. However, a subgroup of so-called inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) can bind a much larger array of ligands of structural similarity. Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1) is one such iPRR that is expressed by most immune cells and recognizes a common structural pattern present in collagens and collagen domain-containing proteins. LAIR1 signalling regulates diverse immune cell populations and is currently the focus of multiple clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. We here review the current literature on LAIR1, as a prototypic example of how inhibitory PRRs contribute to immune balance and of how these receptors are regulated. We discuss the function of LAIR1 in homeostasis, infection, inflammation and cancer, and consider the advantages and potential pitfalls of targeting this receptor in human disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Releasing the brakes on phagosomes","authors":"John Benjamin W. Duncan, Kelsey Voss","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01189-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01189-8","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Cheng et al. identifies the proton-activated chloride channel PAC as a negative regulator of phagosomal acidification in macrophages.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Tyler Halladay, Lili Yang
{"title":"In vivo CAR engineering for immunotherapy","authors":"Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Tyler Halladay, Lili Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01174-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01174-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune cell therapy represents an important advance in cancer treatments. However, the complex ex vivo cell manufacturing process and stringent patient selection criteria curtail its widespread use. In vivo CAR engineering is emerging as a promising off-the-shelf therapy, providing advantages such as streamlined production, elimination of patient-specific manufacturing, reduced costs and simplified logistics. A large set of preclinical findings has inspired further investigation into treatments for hard-to-treat diseases such as solid tumours and has facilitated the development of advanced products to enhance in vivo CAR engineering efficacy, the persistence of the cellular therapeutic and safety. In this Review, we summarize current in vivo CAR engineering strategies, including nanoparticle-based and viral delivery systems as well as bioinstructive implantable scaffolds, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we provide a systematic comparison between in vivo and conventional ex vivo CAR engineering methods and address the challenges and future prospects of in vivo CAR engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the lab: trust, storytelling and the fight for America’s attention","authors":"Aaron F. Mertz, Shruti Naik","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01184-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01184-z","url":null,"abstract":"Shruti Naik, an immunologist and a strong advocate for diversity in science, has joined forces with Aaron Mertz, who leads programmes that help to explain, connect and maximize the benefits of science for public good. In their World View article, they describe how we must rebuild the public's trust in scientists by engaging in public dialogue that makes science feel human, relevant and transparent. Public trust in science is rapidly declining, but scientists can help to rebuild it. By stepping out of the lab, embracing storytelling and engaging directly with communities, scientists can show the human side of discovery and make science more accessible, relevant and trusted in everyday life. The time to act is now!","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CD45-PET imaging gives a panoramic view of in vivo immune activity.","authors":"Sina Djafari Rouhani,Mohammad Rashidian","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01183-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01183-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progenitor exhausted T cells contribute to the formation of immunological memory.","authors":"Annette Wu,Wen Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01182-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01182-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redefining CNS immune privilege","authors":"Leon C. D. Smyth, Jonathan Kipnis","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique relationship with the immune system, referred to as immune privilege. For many years it was thought that immune privilege was due to isolation of the CNS from the immune system, but recent findings have shown that this theory is flawed and that there is substantial neuroimmune communication, particularly at border sites that encase the CNS. These border sites include perivascular and subarachnoid spaces, the choroid plexus, the meninges and the vasculature, including the recently discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels. CNS border tissues have extensive interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as an immune mediator, allowing the immune system at the CNS borders to respond to challenges within the CNS parenchyma. Together, CNS border tissues enable immune surveillance and protection against infections while preventing inflammatory damage to the parenchyma. A better understanding of the mechanisms of immune privilege as an accord, as opposed to isolation, between the two systems would help us obtain effective immunotherapies for neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}