Molecular PlantPub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2026.01.001
Chang-Xiao Tang, Shi-Jun Ma, Qi-Dong Ge, Yang Sun, Tong-Tong Liu, Man Yang, Zi-Xuan Kang, Yu-Chen Dai, Xuan Zhang, Xueman Liu, Yanyong Cao, Guan-Feng Wang
{"title":"The F-box protein ZmFBK1 facilitates autophagy-mediated degradation of maize NLR protein Rp1-D21 to suppress the hypersensitive response","authors":"Chang-Xiao Tang, Shi-Jun Ma, Qi-Dong Ge, Yang Sun, Tong-Tong Liu, Man Yang, Zi-Xuan Kang, Yu-Chen Dai, Xuan Zhang, Xueman Liu, Yanyong Cao, Guan-Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition between nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins and their cognate pathogen effectors often triggers the hypersensitive response (HR), a localized cell death in plants. Although NLR-interacting proteins are known to fine tune the activities of NLRs, the molecular mechanism of the kelch-containing F-box protein (FBK) in regulating NLR-mediated defense response remains unknown. Here, we report that maize ZmFBK1, but not its close homologs ZmFBK2 and ZmFBK3, modulates the homeostasis of the NLR protein Rp1-D21 and regulates Rp1-D21-mediated HR. Overexpression of ZmFBK1 suppresses the HR while mutation of ZmFBK1 enhances the HR in maize. Interestingly, ZmFBK1 is predominantly located in the autophagosome-like dots and it relocates Rp1-D21 from the nucleo-cytoplasm to the punctate dots. Moreover, we found that ZmFBK1 interacts with the autophagy-related protein ZmATG6 and facilitates autophagy-mediated degradation of Rp1-D21, thereby suppressing Rp1-D21-mediated HR. Notably, ZmFBK1 also negatively regulates the resistance to southern corn rust caused by Puccinia polysora and southern leaf blight caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophu, and both pathogens appear to promote ZmFBK1-mediated autophagy in maize. In summary, we demonstrate that ZmFBK1 and ZmATG6 suppresses Rp1-D21-mediated HR likely by sequestering Rp1-D21 in autophagosome-like structures for degradation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism about how the activity of an NLR protein is precisely regulated by an FBK protein and the autophagy pathway.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular PlantPub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.030
Wei Wang, Da Chen, Huwei Sun, Surya Kant, John P. Hammond, Lei Shi, Chengcai Chu
{"title":"Genetic improvement of nitrogen- and phosphorus-use efficiency in crops: Old goals with new aspirations","authors":"Wei Wang, Da Chen, Huwei Sun, Surya Kant, John P. Hammond, Lei Shi, Chengcai Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are indispensable macronutrients for crop growth and productivity, whereas their excessive application in agriculture has caused severe environmental degradation. Enhancing crop N-use efficiency (NUE) and P-use efficiency (PUE) is a critical strategy to reconcile high productivity with sustainability. In this review, we systematically synthesize recent advances in the genetic basis of NUE and PUE in crops, with a focus on key traits and their associated signaling networks. We summarize the identification of N/P-efficiency genes and explore how natural variations in these genes correlate with soil nutrient availability, revealing adaptive patterns from crop domestication. Given the distinct biogeochemical behaviors of N and P, we propose tailored strategies that leverage nutrient-specific traits to optimize environment-resource coordination and yield-quality balance. Finally, we discuss strategies for developing future crops cultivars with enhanced NUE or PUE to advance sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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