{"title":"Dynamic transcriptome and GWAS uncover a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that suppresses Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in maize.","authors":"Min Liu, Yan Yang, Tianhu Liang, Fengxia Hou, Minyan Zhang, Shijiang He, Peng Liu, Chaoying Zou, Langlang Ma, Guangtang Pan, Yaou Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic transformation is a crucial tool for investigating gene function and advancing molecular breeding in crops, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation being the primary method for plant genetic modification. However, this approach exhibits significant genotypic dependence in maize. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, we combined dynamic transcriptome analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify the key genes controlling Agrobacterium infection frequency (AIF) in immature maize embryos. Transcriptome analysis of Agrobacterium-infected embryos uncovered 8483 and 1580 genotype-specific response genes in the maize line 18-599R with low AIF and A188 with high AIF, respectively. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed five and seven stage-specific co-expression modules in each corresponding line. Based on a self-developed AIF quantitation method, the GWAS revealed 30 AIF-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 315 candidate genes under multiple environments. Integration of GWAS and WGCNA further identified 12 key genes associated with high AIF in A188. ZmHRGP, encoding a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein, was functionally validated as a key factor of AIF in immature embryos. Knockout of ZmHRGP enabled us to establish a high-efficiency genetic transformation system for the 18-599R line, with the transformation frequency being approximately 80%. Moreover, the transient reduction of ZmHRGP expression significantly enhanced the AIF of maize calluses and leaves. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of plant factors controlling Agrobacterium infection and contribute to developing more efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":" ","pages":"747-764"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distinct regulation of mRNA decay pathways by ABA enhances Nitrate Reductase 1/2-derived siRNAs production and stress adaptation.","authors":"Yan Yan, Yinpeng Xie, Qian Gao, Yajie Pan, Xianli Tang, Yuelin Liu, Wenyang Li, Hongwei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA degradation systems (e.g., RNA decay and RNA interference) and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) are both essential for plant growth, development, and adaptation to stress. Although the interplay between these pathways has been recognized, the molecular mechanisms governing their coordination remain poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that mutations in the 5'-3' RNA-degrading enzyme Ethylene Insensitive 5 (EIN5) result in hypersensitivity to ABA in Arabidopsis, whereas defects in the 3'-5' RNA turnover machinery (ski mutants) do not. The ABA hypersensitivity of ein5 mutants was mitigated by mutating components of the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) pathway, including DICER-LIKE 2 (DCL2)/DCL4, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 1 (RDR1)/RDR6, and ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1). ABA treatment substantially increased the abundance of coding-transcript-derived small interfering RNAs (ct-siRNAs) in ein5, predominantly from two genes, Nitrate Reductase 1 (NIA1) and NIA2. Further analysis suggested that NIA1 and NIA2 negatively regulate both the ABA biosynthesis and signaling pathways. The key transcription factor Abscisic Acid Insensitive 3 (ABI3) represses SKI3 expression by directly binding to its promoter, thereby promoting the production of NIA1/NIA2-derived ct-siRNAs, leading to the ABA hypersensitivity of ein5. Conversely, ABA enhances the accumulation of EIN5 as well as DCL4 and AGO1, pointing to distinct regulation of the mRNA decay and PTGS pathways. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the pivotal roles of NIA1 and NIA2 in plant responses to abiotic stress and provide new insights into the interplay between the ABA response and RNA degradation pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"18 5","pages":"853-871"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular PlantPub Date : 2025-05-05Epub Date: 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.017
Bing Zhang, Dandan Yue, Bei Han, Danfan Bao, Xiao Zhang, Xuyang Hao, Xin Lin, Keith Lindsey, Longfu Zhu, Shuangxia Jin, Maojun Wang, Haijiang Xu, Mingwei Du, Yu Yu, Xianlong Zhang, Xiyan Yang
{"title":"RAPID LEAF FALLING 1 facilitates chemical defoliation and mechanical harvesting in cotton.","authors":"Bing Zhang, Dandan Yue, Bei Han, Danfan Bao, Xiao Zhang, Xuyang Hao, Xin Lin, Keith Lindsey, Longfu Zhu, Shuangxia Jin, Maojun Wang, Haijiang Xu, Mingwei Du, Yu Yu, Xianlong Zhang, Xiyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical defoliation stands as the ultimate tool in enabling the mechanical harvest of cotton, offering economic and environmental advantages. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that triggers leaf abscission through defoliant remains unsolved. In this study, we meticulously constructed a transcriptomic atlas through single-nucleus mRNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the abscission zone (AZ) from cotton petiole. We identified two newly-formed cell types, abscission cells and protection layer cells in cotton petiole AZ after defoliant treatment. GhRLF1 (RAPID LEAF FALLING 1), as one of the members of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) gene family, was further characterized as a key marker gene unique to the abscission cells following defoliant treatment. Overexpression of GhRLF1 resulted in reduced cytokinin accumulation and accelerated leaf abscission. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of GhRLF1 function appeared to delay this process. Its interacting regulators, GhWRKY70, acting as \"Pioneer\" activator, and GhMYB108, acting as \"Successor\" activator, orchestrate a sequential modulation of GhWRKY70/GhMYB108-GhRLF1-CTK (cytokinin) within the AZ to regulate cotton leaf abscission. GhRLF1 not only regulates leaf abscission but also reduces cotton yield. Consequently, transgenic lines that exhibit rapid leaf falling and require less defoliant but show unaffected cotton yield were developed for mechanical harvesting. This was achieved using a defoliant-induced petiole-specific promoter, proPER21, to drive GhRLF1 (proPER21::RLF1). This pioneering biotechnology offers a new strategy for the chemical defoliation of machine-harvested cotton, ensuring stable production and reducing leaf debris in harvested cotton, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":" ","pages":"765-782"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular PlantPub Date : 2025-05-05Epub Date: 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.015
Jie Hu, Hui Liu, Xiuhua Gao, Xiangdong Fu
{"title":"Reprogrammable design of DELLA as a strategy to mitigate alkaline-heat stress for sustainable agriculture.","authors":"Jie Hu, Hui Liu, Xiuhua Gao, Xiangdong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":" ","pages":"744-746"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular PlantPub Date : 2025-05-05Epub Date: 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.012
Alisdair R Fernie, Mustafa Bulut
{"title":"Design of future climate smart crops by engineering heat stress-responsive gene expression.","authors":"Alisdair R Fernie, Mustafa Bulut","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":" ","pages":"738-740"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural variations in the promoter of ZmDeSI2 encoding a deSUMOylating isopeptidase controls kernel methionine content in maize.","authors":"Xin Lu, Yuhong Lei, Zhennan Xu, Zixiang Cheng, Meng Liu, Yuxin Tai, Xiaohua Han, Zhuanfang Hao, Mingshun Li, Degui Zhang, Hongjun Yong, Jienan Han, Zhenhua Wang, Wen-Xue Li, Jianfeng Weng, Zhiqiang Zhou, Xinhai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving the methionine (Met) content in maize kernels is of key importance to the animal feed industry; however, the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing maize kernel Met content remain largely unexplored. In this study, we leveraged a panel consisting of 348 diverse inbred maize lines to explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control kernel Met levels. A genome-wide association study followed by transcriptomic analysis identified the deSUMOylating isopeptidase gene ZmDeSI2. Further biochemical experiments revealed that ZmDeSI2 directly reduces the SUMOylation and accumulation of the sulfite reductase ZmSIR, thereby repressing Met accumulation. Natural variants in the ZmDeSI2 promoter region were found to serve as key determinants of the expression of this gene, predominantly due to the absence or presence of a ZmWRKY105 transcription factor binding site. The elite ZmDeSI2<sup>Hap2</sup> haplotype without this binding site in the ZmDeSI2 promoter was associated with a 1.36-fold increase in Met levels in the kernels of modified near-isogenic lines generated through marker-assisted breeding. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the molecular processes that control Met biosynthesis, highlighting an elite natural variant suitable for application in maize breeding for Met biofortification.</p>","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"18 5","pages":"872-891"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-complete assembly and comprehensive annotation of the wheat Chinese Spring genome.","authors":"Zijian Wang, Lingfeng Miao, Kaiwen Tan, Weilong Guo, Beibei Xin, Rudi Appels, Jizeng Jia, Jinsheng Lai, Fei Lu, Zhongfu Ni, Xiangdong Fu, Qixin Sun, Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A complete reference genome assembly is crucial for biological research and genetic improvement. Owing to its large size and highly repetitive nature, there are numerous gaps in the globally used wheat Chinese Spring (CS) genome assembly. In this study, we generated a 14.46 Gb near-complete assembly of the CS genome, with a contig N50 of over 266 Mb and an overall base accuracy of 99.9963%. Among the 290 gaps that remained (26, 257, and 7 gaps from the A, B, and D subgenomes, respectively), 278 were extremely high-copy tandem repeats, whereas the remaining 12 were transposable-element-associated gaps. Four chromosome assemblies were completely gap-free, including chr1D, chr3D, chr4D, and chr5D. Extensive annotation of the near-complete genome revealed 151 405 high-confidence genes, of which 59 180 were newly annotated, including 7602 newly assembled genes. Except for the centromere of chr1B, which has a gap associated with superlong GAA repeat arrays, the centromeric sequences of all of the remaining 20 chromosomes were completely assembled. Our near-complete assembly revealed that the extent of tandem repeats, such as simple-sequence repeats, was highly uneven among different subgenomes. Similarly, the repeat compositions of the centromeres also varied among the three subgenomes. With the genome sequences of all six types of seed storage proteins (SSPs) fully assembled, the expression of ω-gliadin was found to be contributed entirely by the B subgenome, whereas the expression of the other five types of SSPs was most abundant from the D subgenome. The near-complete CS genome will serve as a valuable resource for genomic and functional genomic research and breeding of wheat as well as its related species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":" ","pages":"892-907"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}