Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Assembly and evaluation of a confocal microscopy image analysis pipeline useful in revealing the secrets of plant-fungal interactions.","authors":"Ashley C Nelson, Gayan Kariyawasam, Nathan A Wyatt, Jinling Li, Janine Haueisen, Eva H Stukenbrock, Pawel Borowicz, Zhaohui Liu, Timothy L Friesen","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0090-TA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0090-TA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of laser scanning confocal microscopy to generate high-contrast 2D and 3D images has become essential in studying plant-fungal interactions. Techniques such as visualization of native fluorescence, fluorescent protein tagging of microbes, GFP/RFP-fusion proteins, and fluorescent labelling of plant and fungal proteins have been widely used to aid in these investigations. Use of fluorescent proteins has several pitfalls including variability of expression in planta and the requirement of gene transformation. Here we used the unlabeled pathogens <i>Parastagonospora nodorum</i>, <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres</i>, and <i>Cercospora beticola</i> infecting wheat, barley, and sugar beet respectively, to show the utility of a staining and imaging pipeline that uses propidium iodide (PI), which stains RNA and DNA, and wheat germ agglutinin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA-FITC), which stains chitin, to visualize fungal colonization of plants. This pipeline relies on the use of KOH to remove the cutin layer of the leaf, increasing its permeability, allowing the different stains to penetrate and effectively bind to their targets, resulting in a consistent visualization of cellular structures. To expand the utility of this pipeline, we used the staining techniques in conjunction with machine learning to analyze fungal biomass through volume analysis, as well as quantifying nuclear breakdown, an early indicator of programmed cell death (PCD). This pipeline is simple to use, robust, consistent across host and fungal species and can be applied to most plant-fungal interactions. Therefore, this pipeline can be used to characterize model systems as well as non-model interactions where transformation is not routine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the Sensor Histidine Kinases PhcS and VsrA to the Quorum Sensing of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Strain OE1-1.","authors":"Wakana Senuma,Kazusa Hayashi,Masayuki Tsuzuki,Chika Takemura,Yuki Terazawa,Akinori Kiba,Kouhei Ohnishi,Kenji Kai,Yasufumi Hikichi","doi":"10.1094/mpmi-05-24-0049-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-24-0049-r","url":null,"abstract":"The soilborne Gram-negative phytopathogenic beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1-1 produces methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME) as the quorum sensing (QS) signal by the methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical, activating the LysR family transcriptional regulator PhcA, which regulates the QS-dependent genes responsible for QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The sensor histidine kinases PhcS and VsrA are reportedly involved in the regulation of QS-dependent genes. To elucidate the function of PhcS and VsrA in the active QS, we generated the phcS-deletion and vsrA-deletion mutants, which exhibited weak changes to their QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The phcS and vsrA-deletion mutant (ΔphcS/vsrA) had significant changes in its QS-dependent phenotypes and was nonvirulent, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant. The mutant (PhcS-H230Q) with a substitution of histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 230 in PhcS but not the mutant (VsrA-H256Q) with a substitution of histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 256 in VsrA exhibited significant changes in QS-dependent phenotypes and lost virulence. The transcriptome analysis with RNA-sequencing revealed significant alterations to the expression of QS-dependent genes in the ΔphcS/vsrA and PhcS-H230Q but not VsrA-H256Q, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant. The exogenous 3-OH MAME application led to a significantly enhanced QS-inducible major exopolysaccharide EPS I production of the strain OE1-1 and phcB-deletion mutant but not ΔphcS/vsrA and PhcS-H230Q. Collectively, results of the present genetic study suggested that PhcS contributes to QS along with VsrA and that histidine at amino acid position 230 of PhcS is required for 3-OH MAME sensing, thereby influencing QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence of the strain OE1-1. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and epidemiological insights from historical and modern genomes of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzicola</i>, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of rice.","authors":"M Hutin, S Carpenter, S Baruah, P Campos, K Boyer, D Andriantsimialona, S H Rapanarivo, O Pruvost, N Becker, L Gagnevin, R Koebnik, B Szurek, O Koita, A J Bogdanove, A Rieux","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0062-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0062-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzicola</i> (<i>Xoc</i>) causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice. This disease represents a major constraint for rice production, a crop feeding more than half of the world's population. <i>Xoc</i> was first described in 1918 in the Philippines and is prevalent in Southeast Asia. Today, BLS is also omnipresent in both East and West Africa where the disease was first reported in the early 1980s. The appearance of <i>Xoc</i> in Africa decades after its first report in Asia suggests that the disease could have been introduced from Asia to Africa. Strict conservation of five Transcription Activator Like (TAL) effectors in whole-genome sequences of 10 strains of <i>Xoc</i> including 3 from West-Africa and 7 from Asia also support this hypothesis. East Africa, and especially Madagascar, where the disease was first described in 1985 is located at the interface between Asia and Africa, hence representing an interesting region to explore the link between strains from Asia and West-Africa. In this study, we i) reconstructed the genome of an historical <i>Xoc</i> strain from herbarium specimen of rice showing symptoms of BLS, sampled in Madagascar in 1931, 50 years before the first description of the disease, and ii) sequenced 9 new modern strains including 5 from Madagascar and East-Africa. The analysis of those new genomes along with previously published ones shed light within the evolutionary and epidemiological history of <i>Xoc</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Chromosome 1 of Select Moroccan <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> Isolates Overcomes a Highly Effective Barley Chromosome 6H Source of Resistance.","authors":"Jinling Li, Nathan A Wyatt, Ryan M Skiba, Gayan K Kariyawasam, Jonathan K Richards, Karl Effertz, Sajid Rehman, Zhaohui Liu, Robert S Brueggeman, Timothy L Friesen","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-23-0159-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-10-23-0159-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barley net form net blotch (NFNB) is a destructive foliar disease caused by <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres.</i> Barley line CIho5791, which harbors the broadly effective chromosome 6H resistance gene <i>Rpt5</i>, displays dominant resistance to <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i>. To genetically characterize <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> avirulence/virulence on the barley line CIho5791, we generated a <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> mapping population using a cross between the Moroccan CIho5791-virulent isolate MorSM40-3 and the avirulent reference isolate 0-1. Full genome sequences were generated for 103 progenies. Saturated chromosome-level genetic maps were generated, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified two major QTL associated with <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> avirulence/virulence on CIho5791. The most significant QTL mapped to chromosome (Ch) 1, where the virulent allele was contributed by MorSM40-3. A second QTL mapped to Ch8; however, this virulent allele was contributed by the avirulent parent 0-1. The Ch1 and Ch8 loci accounted for 27 and 15% of the disease variation, respectively, and the avirulent allele at the Ch1 locus was epistatic over the virulent allele at the Ch8 locus. As a validation, we used a natural <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> population in a genome-wide association study that identified the same Ch1 and Ch8 loci. We then generated a new reference quality genome assembly of parental isolate MorSM40-3 with annotation supported by deep transcriptome sequencing of infection time points. The annotation identified candidate genes predicted to encode small, secreted proteins, one or more of which are likely responsible for overcoming the CIho5791 resistance. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paths of Least Resistance: Unconventional Effector Secretion by Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens.","authors":"Nawaraj Dulal, Richard A Wilson","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0212-CR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0212-CR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effector secretion by different routes mediates the molecular interplay between host plant and pathogen, but mechanistic details in eukaryotes are sparse. This may limit the discovery of new effectors that could be utilized for improving host plant disease resistance. In fungi and oomycetes, apoplastic effectors are secreted via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, while cytoplasmic effectors are packaged into vesicles that bypass Golgi in an unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. In <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, the Golgi bypass UPS pathway incorporates components of the exocyst complex and a t-SNARE, presumably to fuse Golgi bypass vesicles to the fungal plasma membrane. Upstream, cytoplasmic effector mRNA translation in <i>M. oryzae</i> requires the efficient decoding of AA-ending codons. This involves the modification of wobble uridines in the anticodon loop of cognate tRNAs and fine-tunes cytoplasmic effector translation and secretion rates to maintain biotrophic interfacial complex integrity and permit host infection. Thus, plant-fungal interface integrity is intimately tied to effector codon usage, which is a surprising constraint on pathogenicity. Here, we discuss these findings within the context of fungal and oomycete effector discovery, delivery, and function in host cells. We show how cracking the codon code for unconventional cytoplasmic effector secretion in <i>M. oryzae</i> has revealed AA-ending codon usage bias in cytoplasmic effector mRNAs across kingdoms, including within the RxLR-dEER motif-encoding sequence of a bona fide <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> cytoplasmic effector, suggesting its subjection to translational speed control. By focusing on recent developments in understanding unconventional effector secretion, we draw attention to this important but understudied area of host-pathogen interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Fancy Coat Worn by Rhizobia in Symbiosis.","authors":"Ruby Tiwari, Jawahar Singh","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0109-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0109-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobial Secretion of Truncated Exopolysaccharides Severely Impairs the <i>Mesorhizobium-Lotus</i> Symbiosis.","authors":"Todd Wightman, Artur Muszyński, Simon J Kelly, John T Sullivan, Caitlan J Smart, Jens Stougaard, Shaun Ferguson, Parastoo Azadi, Clive W Ronson","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0024-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0024-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symbiosis between <i>Mesorhizobium japonicum</i> R7A and <i>Lotus japonicus</i> Gifu is an important model system for investigating the role of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) in plant-microbe interactions. Previously, we showed that R7A <i>exoB</i> mutants that are affected at an early stage of EPS synthesis and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis induce effective nodules on <i>L. japonicus</i> Gifu after a delay, whereas <i>exoU</i> mutants affected in the biosynthesis of the EPS side chain induce small uninfected nodule primordia and are impaired in infection. The presence of a halo around the <i>exoU</i> mutant when grown on Calcofluor-containing media suggested the mutant secreted a truncated version of R7A EPS. A nonpolar Δ<i>exoA</i> mutant defective in the addition of the first glucose residue to the EPS backbone was also severely impaired symbiotically. Here, we used a suppressor screen to show that the severe symbiotic phenotype of the <i>exoU</i> mutant was due to the secretion of an acetylated pentasaccharide, as both monomers and oligomers, by the same Wzx/Wzy system that transports wild-type exopolysaccharide. We also present evidence that the Δ<i>exoA</i> mutant secretes an oligosaccharide by the same transport system, contributing to its symbiotic phenotype. In contrast, Δ<i>exoYF</i> and polar <i>exoA</i> and <i>exoL</i> mutants have a similar phenotype to <i>exoB</i> mutants, forming effective nodules after a delay. These studies provide substantial evidence that secreted incompatible EPS is perceived by the plant, leading to abrogation of the infection process. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the information gap between the field and scientific literature for improved disease management- with a focus on rice and bacterial blight.","authors":"Eliza P I Loo, Boris Szurek, Yugander Arra, Melissa Stiebner, Marcel Buchholzer, B N Devanna, Casiana M Vera Cruz, Wolf B Frommer","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0075-FI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0075-FI","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A path to sustainably reduce world hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition is to close the crop yield gap, particularly, losses due to pathogens. Breeding resistant crops is key to achieving this goal, an effort requiring collaboration among stakeholders, scientists, breeders, farmers and policymakers. During a disease outbreak, epidemiologists survey the occurrence of a disease after which pathologists investigate mechanisms to stop an infection. Policymakers then implement strategies with farmers and breeders to overcome the outbreak. Information flow from the field to the lab and back to the field involves several processing hubs that require different information inputs. Failure to communicate the necessary information results in the transfer of meaningless data. Here, we discuss gaps in information acquisition and transfer between the field and laboratory. Using rice bacterial blight disease as an example, we discuss pathogen biology and disease resistance to point out the importance of reporting pathogen strains that caused an outbreak to optimize the deployment of resistant crop varieties. We examine differences between infection in the field and assays performed in the laboratory to draw awareness of possible misinformation concerning plant resistance or susceptibility. We discuss key data considered useful for reporting disease outbreaks, sampling bias, and suggestions for improving data quality. We also touch on the knowledge gap in the state-of-the-art literature regarding disease dispersal and transmission. We use a recent case study to exemplify the gaps mentioned. We conclude by highlighting potential actions that may contribute to food security and to closing of the yield gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SymRK regulates G-protein signaling during nodulation in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) by modifying RGS phosphorylation and activity.","authors":"Swarup Roy Choudhury, Sona Pandey","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular inter-species dialogue between leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia results in the development of symbiotic root nodules. This is initiated by several nodulation-related receptors present on the surface of root hair epidermal cells. We have shown previously that specific subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and their regulatory RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) proteins act as molecular links between the receptors and downstream components during nodule formation in soybeans. Nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1) interacts with and phosphorylates RGS proteins to regulate the G-protein cycle. Symbiosis receptor-like kinases (SymRK) phosphorylate Gα to make it inactive and unavailable for Gβγ. We now show that like NFR1, SymRK also interacts with the RGS proteins to phosphorylate them. Phosphorylated RGS has higher GTP accelerating activity, which favors conversion of active Gα to its inactive form. Phosphorylation of RGS proteins is physiologically relevant, as overexpression of a phospho-mimic version of RGS protein enhances nodule formation in soybean. These results reveal an intricate fine-tuning of the G-protein signaling during nodulation, where a negative regulator (Gα) is effectively deactivated by RGS due to the concerted efforts of several receptor proteins to ensure adequate nodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soybean Cyst Nematode Effector Cysteine Protease 1 (CPR1) Targets a Mitochondrial Soybean Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase (GmBCAT1).","authors":"Alexandra Margets, Jessica Foster, Anil Kumar, Tom R Maier, Rick Masonbrink, Joffrey Mejias, Thomas J Baum, Roger W Innes","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0068-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0068-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; <i>Heterodera glycines</i>) facilitates infection by secreting a repertoire of effector proteins into host cells to establish a permanent feeding site composed of a syncytium of root cells. Among the diverse proteins secreted by the nematode, we were specifically interested in identifying proteases to pursue our goal of engineering decoy substrates that elicit an immune response when cleaved by an SCN protease. We identified a cysteine protease that we named Cysteine Protease 1 (CPR1), which was predicted to be a secreted effector based on transcriptomic data obtained from SCN esophageal gland cells, presence of a signal peptide, and lack of transmembrane domains. CPR1 is conserved in all isolates of SCN sequenced to date, suggesting it is critical for virulence. Transient expression of CPR1 in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves suppressed cell death induced by a constitutively active nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat protein, RPS5, indicating that CPR1 inhibits effector-triggered immunity. CPR1 localizes in part to the mitochondria when expressed in planta. Proximity-based labeling in transgenic soybean roots, co-immunoprecipitation, and cleavage assays identified a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from soybean (GmBCAT1) as a substrate of CPR1. Consistent with this, GmBCAT1 also localizes to mitochondria. Silencing of the <i>CPR1</i> transcript in the nematode reduced penetration frequency in soybean roots while the expression of <i>CPR1</i> in soybean roots enhanced susceptibility. Our data demonstrates that CPR1 is a conserved effector protease with a direct target in soybean roots, highlighting it as a promising candidate for decoy engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}