Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Early Activation of RNAi Reveals Genomic Regions of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Targeted for Silencing in Grapevine.","authors":"Christian Mandelli, Laurent G Deluc","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-25-0038-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-25-0038-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), a member of the <i>Geminiviridae</i> family that causes reduced fruit quality and yield, is an emerging challenge for the wine industry. Viticultural practices and pest management have been largely ineffective at mitigating the impacts of GRBV, necessitating alternative control strategies. Here, we investigated the early activation of RNA interference (RNAi) in GRBV-infected grapevines and, through small RNA sequencing, identified nine genomic virus-derived small-interfering RNA (vsiRNA)-producing regions referred to as hotspots (HS). Subsequent analyses revealed that these HS were primarily involved in producing 24-nt vsiRNA species associated with transcriptional gene silencing towards later stages of infection. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules derived from these HS were administered to GRBV-infected plants via root soaking, significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reducing viral gene expression in leaves and petioles for up to one month. Ultimately, we assessed the potential of viral mutation within these HS, identified areas of higher mutational entropy, and found that most HS locations are within viral regions with lower probabilities of mutation events. These findings provide the basis for future research to characterize the role of small RNA (sRNA)-induced silencing mechanisms in grapevine-GRBV interactions and their potential translation for field-based technology like RNAi biopesticide to manage red blotch disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Responses in the Pigeonpea Wild Relative <i>Cajanus platycarpus</i> to <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Herbivory: The Role of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B1 (<i>CpMSRB1</i>) in Enhanced Defense.","authors":"Maniraj Rathinam, Narasimham Dokka, Kameshwaran Senthil, Shivangi Mahawar, Shaily Tyagi, Dineshkumar Rengarajan, Preethi Vijayaraghavareddy, Yuvaraj Iyyappan, Basavaraj Y B, Sandeep Reddy, Vinutha T, Rama Prashat G, Subodh Kumar Sinha, Prasanta K Dash, Sheshshayee Sreeman, Manoj Majee, Rohini Sreevathsa","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-11-24-0149-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-11-24-0149-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding key cellular mechanisms leading to improved defense against various stressors is essential for cultivating robust nutritious crops capable of flourishing in diverse environments. We present an in-depth characterization of the defense response in the pigeonpea wild relative, <i>Cajanus platycarpus</i>, to herbivory by pod borer, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>. To fight the attacking pest, <i>C. platycarpus</i> strategically activated non-enzymatic ROS scavengers and unleashed methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) to safeguard the integrity of methionine residues. We unveiled for the first time physical interaction between <i>Cp</i>MSRB1 and chorismate mutase (<i>Cp</i>CM1.1), a pivotal player in the phenylpropanoid pathway (PP). This association fuelled the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and enhanced ROS scavenging crucial for repelling herbivores. Repairing <i>Cp</i>CM1.1 also boosted salicylic acid (SA) production, coordinating defense signaling with jasmonic acid (JA). Additionally, heterologous expression of <i>CpMSRB1</i> in tomato improved defense against herbivory by enhanced ROS scavenging and polyphenol production. This study demonstrates the role of <i>CpMSRB1</i> to protect a major enzyme in the shikimate pathway, reinforcing defense against <i>H. armigera</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the Interactions Between <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>citri-Agrobacterium-</i>Citrus to Improve <i>Agrobacterium-</i>Mediated Transient Expression in Plants.","authors":"Tirtha Lamichhane, Hang Su, Xiaoen Huang, Nian Wang","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0164-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0164-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Agrobacterium-</i>mediated transient expression (AMTE) is an important tool in plant genetics studies and biotechnology. AMTE remains problematic in citrus and many plant species. Previous research has shown that pretreatment of citrus leaves with <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i> (<i>Xcc</i>), which causes citrus canker, significantly improves the AMTE efficacy. Here, we have shown that <i>Xcc</i> promotes AMTE mainly through triggering cell division and upregulating plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. We demonstrate that <i>Xcc</i> improves AMTE via PthA, a transcription activator-like effector known to trigger cell division in citrus, and mutation of <i>pthA4</i> abolished the promoting effect of <i>Xcc.</i> Mutation of the effector (PthA4)-binding element in the promoter region and coding region of <i>CsLOB1</i>, which is known to be directly activated by PthA4, significantly reduced <i>Xcc</i> promotion of AMTE. Mutation of <i>PthA4</i> significantly reduced the expression of cell division-related genes (<i>CDKA</i>, <i>CDKB1-2</i>, and <i>CDKB2-2</i>) compared with wild-type <i>Xcc</i> and the complemented strain. Cell division inhibitor mimosine but not colchicine also significantly decreased <i>Xcc</i> promotion of AMTE. In addition, PthA4 is known to upregulate plant growth hormones auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), gibberellin, and cytokinin, as well as cell wall-degrading enzymes (e.g., cellulase). Exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, and cellulase but not gibberellin significantly improved AMTE in leaves of sweet orange, pummelo, Meiwa kumquat, lucky bamboo, and rose mallow. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of how <i>Xcc</i> promotes AMTE and develops practical measures to improve AMTE via pretreatment with plant hormones (i.e., auxin and cytokinin) and cellulase. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"479-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of Bacterial Wilt Disease Using Plant-Associated Bacterial Communities in Tomato.","authors":"Eriko Tanaka, Daisuke Umeki, Shota Kido, Rikako Makishima, Yuko Tamaki, Takumi Murakami, Masayuki Fujiwara, Yusuke Saijo","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0114-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0114-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host-protective or disease-suppressive microorganisms are emerging as sustainable solutions for controlling crop diseases, such as bacterial wilt. However, the efficacy of biocontrol strategies is often constrained by limited resilience under varying environmental conditions and interactions with native microbial communities in the field. One major challenge is that introduced biocontrol microbes often face suppression by indigenous microbes due to competitive interactions. Synthetic communities (SynComs) offer a promising alternative strategy. However, conventional approaches to assembling SynComs by combining different microbial isolates often result in antagonism and competition among strains, leading to ineffective and inconsistent outcomes. In this study, we assembled a bacterial wilt-suppressive SynCom for tomato, composed of bacterial isolates derived from co-cultured microbial complexes associated with healthy plants. This SynCom demonstrates significant disease-suppressive effects against <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i> in tomato seedlings under both axenic and soil conditions. Additionally, our findings suggest the presence of an optimal SynCom colonization level in plants, which is crucial for effective disease suppression. The SynCom also exhibits direct antibiotic activity and modulates the plant-associated microbiome. Our results provide an effective approach to constructing SynComs with consistent and effective disease-suppressive properties within microbial community contexts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"411-426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Virulence Mechanisms of <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i> in Onion Foliar and Bulb Scale Tissues.","authors":"Sujan Paudel, Yaritza Franco, Mei Zhao, Bhabesh Dutta, Brian H Kvitko","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0129-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0129-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slippery skin of onion caused by <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i> pv. <i>alliicola</i> (Bga) is a common bacterial disease reported from onion-growing regions around the world. Despite the increasing attention in recent years, our understanding of the virulence mechanisms of this pathogen remains limited. In this study, we characterized the predicted genetic determinants of virulence in Bga strain 20GA0385 using a reverse genetics approach. Using the closely related rice pathogen <i>B. glumae</i> as a reference, comparative genomics analysis was performed to identify Bga candidate virulence factors and regulators. Marked and unmarked deletion mutants were generated using allelic exchange, and the mutants were functionally validated using in vitro and in vivo assays. The role of mutants in pathogenic phenotypes was analyzed using onion foliar/seedling necrosis assays, the red scale necrosis assay, and in planta bacterial population counts. The phytotoxin toxoflavin was a major contributor to foliar necrosis and bacterial populations, whereas the type II and type III secretion systems (T2SS/T3SS) were dispensable for foliar symptoms. In onion scale tissue, the T2SS single mutant <i>gspC</i> and its double and triple mutant derivatives all contributed to scale lesion area. Neither the lipocyclopeptide icosalide, toxoflavin, nor T3SS was required for scale symptoms. Our results suggest that the quorum sensing <i>tofIMR</i> system in Bga regulates toxoflavin, T2SS, and T3SS, contributing to onion symptom production. We show that different virulence factors contribute to onion tissue-specific virulence patterns in Bga and that decreases in scale symptoms often do not result in decreased Bga populations in onion tissue. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"427-439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific Variation and Recent Loss of Ancient, Conserved Effector Genes in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i>.","authors":"Nicholas C Cauldron, Caroline M Press, Alexandra J Weisberg, Marília Horta Jung, Tamara Corcobado, Joan F Webber, Koji Kageyama, Ayaka Hieno, Hayato Masuya, Seiji Uematsu, Bruno Scanu, Clive M Brasier, Thomas Jung, Jeff H Chang, Niklaus J Grünwald","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0131-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0131-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the <i>Phytophthora</i> genus are responsible for many important diseases in agricultural and natural ecosystems. <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> causes devastating diseases of oak and tanoak stands in U.S. forests and larch in the United Kingdom. The four evolutionary lineages involved express different virulence phenotypes on plant hosts, and characterization of gene content is foundational to understanding the basis for these differences. Recent discovery of <i>P. ramorum</i> at its candidate center of origin in Asia provides a new opportunity for investigating the evolutionary history of the species. We assembled high-quality genome sequences of six <i>P. ramorum</i> isolates representing three lineages from Asia and three causing epidemics in Western U.S. forests. The six genomes were assembled into 13 putative chromosomes. Analysis of structural variation revealed multiple chromosome fusion and fission events. Analysis of putative virulence genes revealed variations in effector gene composition among the sequenced lineages. We further characterized their evolutionary history and inferred a contraction of crinkler-encoding genes in the subclade of <i>Phytophthora</i> containing <i>P. ramorum</i>. There were losses of multiple families and a near complete loss of paralogs in the largest core crinkler family in the ancestor of <i>P. ramorum</i> and sister species <i>P. lateralis</i>. Secreted glycoside hydrolase enzymes showed a similar degree of variation in abundance among genomes of <i>P. ramorum</i> lineages as that observed among several <i>Phytophthora</i> species. We found plasticity among genomes from multiple lineages in a <i>Phytophthora</i> species and provide insights into the evolutionary history of a class of anciently conserved effector genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"440-453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Shows Local Differences in Within-Field Diversity and Effector Variation.","authors":"Andrea Tobian Herreno, Pu Huang, Isabella Siepe, Remco Stam","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-01-25-0006-FI","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-01-25-0006-FI","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> is a cosmopolitan hemibiotrophic wheat pathogen with a high mutation rate and a mixed reproduction system, with sexual and asexual cycles occurring within the same disease cycle. This leads to challenges in traditional farming management. For successful integrated pest management, especially for surveys of new aggressive lineages, it is critical to understand population diversity in the field. We look at whole-genome sequence data for three datasets to differentiate within field diversity in fields of similar size: one dataset from a newly sampled field population from the United Kingdom and two publicly available datasets from fields from the United States and Switzerland. This survey of genetic variation allows us to describe in detail how variable the field populations are and offers insight into the dynamics of the disease in a snapshot per field. Inspection of population structure and diversity features, such as minor allele frequency distribution and clonality, show no within-field structure, the most abundant single-nucleotide polymorphisms are present in low frequency, and European fields have higher clonality. Knowing that effectors play particularly important roles in (a)virulence, we specifically assess effector diversity characteristics. On a whole-genome scale, we can see separation of the populations at the regional scale, but we do not find such separation for the effectors. Moreover, we find that multiple effector haplotypes can be found interspersed within the field and even occur within what have been considered clonal isolates or isolates from a single lesion. Our analyses highlight that within-field <i>Z. tritici</i> genetic variation is higher than previously reported. Our finding that multiple effector haplotypes can be found within a single lesion might explain the large resistance gene-breaking potential of <i>Z. tritici</i>. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"385-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Phytophthora alni</i> Infection Reinforces the Defense Reactions in <i>Alnus glutinosa</i>-<i>Frankia</i> Roots to the Detriment of Nodules.","authors":"Mathilde Vincent, Hasna Boubakri, Pascale Fournier, Nicolas Parisot, Pierre Pétriacq, Cédric Cassan, Amélie Flandin, Guylaine Miotello, Jean Armengaud, Anne-Emmanuelle Hay, Aude Herrera-Belaroussi","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0160-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0160-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alnus glutinosa</i>, able to establish symbiosis with mutualistic bacteria of the genus <i>Frankia</i>, is one of the main species in European riparian environments, where it performs numerous biological and socioeconomic functions. However, riparian ecosystems face a growing threat from <i>Phytophthora alni</i>, a highly aggressive waterborne pathogen causing severe dieback in <i>A. glutinosa</i>. To date, the tripartite interaction between the host plant, the symbiont <i>Frankia</i>, and the pathogen remains unexplored but is critical for understanding how pathogen-induced stress influences the nodule molecular machinery and thus the host-symbiont metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to explore for the first time how <i>P. alni</i> affects the overall molecular processes of <i>Alnus glutinosa-Frankia</i> nodules, with a special focus on unraveling the spatial expression of defense mechanisms within these tissues. We conducted a laboratory experiment based on <i>P. alni</i> infection of young <i>A. glutinosa</i> seedlings nodulated with <i>Frankia alni</i> ACN14a, noninfected or infected with the pathogen <i>P. alni</i>. Multi-omics analyses (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) were carried out on nodules (N) and associated roots (AR) of the same plant to underline the impact on the nodule molecular processes (i.e., N/AR markers) when the host plant is infected compared with noninfected plants. Our results revealed that <i>P. alni</i> infection modified the molecular nodule processes and induced reprograming of defense-related markers by a shift in associated roots to the detriment of nodules. These findings suggest that <i>A. glutinosa</i> reinforces locally its immune responses in roots but moderates this activation in nodules to preserve its <i>Frankia</i> symbiont. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"463-478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The XopAE Effector from <i>Xanthomonas phaseoli</i> pv. <i>manihotis</i> Targets HSP20-like p23 Cochaperone to Suppress Plant Basal Immunity.","authors":"Diana Gómez De La Cruz, Darwin A Castillo, César A Trujillo B, Cesar A Medina, Valentina Hurtado-McCormick, Juliana Gil, Meenu Padmanabhan, Silvia Restrepo, Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar, Hugo Germain, Camilo López, Adriana Bernal","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0086-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0086-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic bacteria use Type 3 effector proteins to manipulate host defenses and alter metabolism to favor their survival and spread. The non-model bacterial pathogen <i>Xanthomonas phaseoli</i> pv. <i>manihotis</i> (<i>Xpm</i>) causes devastating disease in cassava. The molecular role of Type 3 effector proteins from <i>Xpm</i> in causing disease is largely unknown. Here, we report that the XopAE effector from <i>Xpm</i> suppresses plant defense responses. Our results show that XopAE is a suppressor of basal defenses such as callose deposition and the production of reactive oxygen species. XopAE targets a small heat shock protein (<i>Me</i>p23-1 cochaperone) in cassava and its homolog <i>At</i>p23-1 in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. XopAE localizes to the nucleus and in scattered points throughout the cell border, whereas <i>Me</i>p23-1 shows a nucleocytoplasmic localization. Upon interaction, XopAE hijacks <i>Me</i>p23-1 to the scattered points throughout the cell border, and they also interact in the nucleus. Our results indicate that the interaction between XopAE and <i>Me</i>p23-1 is essential for suppressing basal plant defense. This study is one of the first to address the molecular mechanisms deployed by <i>Xpm</i> to cause disease in cassava, a non-model crop plant. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Roles of Plant GATA21/22 Transcriptional Regulators in Defense Against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens.","authors":"Nikhilesh Dhar, Amy Anchieta, Isaac Arnold, Renée L Eriksen, Krishna V Subbarao, Ramesh Raina, Steven J Klosterman","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0095-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0095-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>GATA</i> family of transcriptional regulators is broadly conserved between plant and animal kingdoms. Here, we report that some of the <i>GATA</i> genes are suppressed in Arabidopsis during fungal and bacterial infections. However, strikingly, <i>GATA21</i> and <i>GATA22</i> encode positive regulators of defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens while acting antagonistically against hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens. Following infection by <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, the <i>gata21</i> and <i>gata22</i> mutants exhibit defective growth in bolt length and in total silique number. These results suggest that <i>GATA21</i> and <i>GATA22</i> regulate growth and reproduction in Arabidopsis both during normal growth and in response to infection by pathogens. Because the GATA family is conserved, our findings have broad implications for the role of <i>GATA</i> transcription regulators in integrating signals from biotic interactions with those for growth and development. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"358-364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}