Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"The Soybean <i>Rpp3</i> Gene Encodes a TIR-NBS-LRR Protein that Confers Resistance to <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i>.","authors":"Mandy D Bish, Sowmya R Ramachandran, Amy Wright, Lori M Lincoln, Steven A Whitham, Michelle A Graham, Kerry F Pedley","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-01-24-0007-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-01-24-0007-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean rust is an economically significant disease caused by the fungus <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> that negatively impacts soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) production throughout the world. Susceptible plants infected by <i>P. pachyrhizi</i> develop tan-colored lesions on the leaf surface that give rise to funnel-shaped uredinia as the disease progresses. While most soybean germplasm is susceptible, seven genetic loci (<i>Rpp1</i> to <i>Rpp7</i>) that provide race-specific resistance to <i>P. pachyrhizi</i> (<i>Rpp</i>) have been identified. <i>Rpp3</i> was first discovered and characterized in the soybean accession PI 462312 (Ankur), and it was also determined to be one of two <i>Rpp</i> genes present in PI 506764 (Hyuuga). Genetic crosses with PI 506764 were later used to fine-map the <i>Rpp3</i> locus to a 371-kb region on chromosome 6. The corresponding region in the susceptible Williams 82 (Wm82) reference genome contains several homologous nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes. To identify <i>Rpp3</i>, we designed oligonucleotide primers to amplify <i>Rpp3 candidate</i> (<i>Rpp3C</i>) NBS-LRR genes at this locus from PI 462312, PI 506764, and Wm82 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Five <i>Rpp3C</i> genes were identified in both <i>Rpp3</i>-resistant soybean lines, and co-silencing these genes compromised resistance to <i>P. pachyrhizi</i>. Gene expression analysis and sequence comparisons of the <i>Rpp3C</i> genes in PI 462312 and PI 506764 suggest that a single candidate gene, <i>Rpp3C3</i>, is responsible for <i>Rpp3</i>-mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"561-570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiosulfinate Tolerance Gene Clusters Are Common Features of <i>Burkholderia</i> Onion Pathogens.","authors":"Sujan Paudel, Mei Zhao, Shaun P Stice, Bhabesh Dutta, Brian H Kvitko","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-01-24-0005-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-01-24-0005-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Burkholderia gladioli</i> pv. <i>alliicola</i>, <i>B. cepacia</i>, and <i>B. orbicola</i> are common bacterial pathogens of onion. Onions produce organosulfur thiosulfinate defensive compounds after cellular decompartmentalization. Using whole-genome sequencing and in silico analysis, we identified putative thiosulfinate tolerance gene (TTG) clusters in multiple onion-associated <i>Burkholderia</i> species similar to those characterized in other <i>Allium</i>-associated bacterial endophytes and pathogens. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of three <i>Burkholderia</i> TTG cluster types, with both Type A and Type B being broadly distributed in <i>B. gladioli</i>, <i>B. cepacia</i>, and <i>B. orbicola</i> in both the chromosome and plasmids. Based on isolate natural variation and generation of isogenic strains, we determined the in vitro and in vivo contribution of TTG clusters in <i>B. gladioli</i>, <i>B. cepacia</i>, and <i>B. orbicola</i>. The <i>Burkholderia</i> TTG clusters contributed to enhanced allicin tolerance and improved growth in filtered onion extracts by all three species. TTG clusters also made clear contributions to <i>B. gladioli</i> foliar necrosis symptoms and bacterial populations. Surprisingly, the TTG cluster did not contribute to bacterial populations in onion bulb scales by these three species. Based on our findings, we hypothesize onion-associated <i>Burkholderia</i> may evade or inhibit the production of thiosulfinates in onion bulb tissues. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"507-519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Secreted in Xylem 6</i> (<i>SIX6</i>) Mediates <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>fragariae</i> Race 1 Avirulence on <i>FW1</i>-Resistant Strawberry Cultivars.","authors":"Christine Jade Dilla-Ermita, Polly Goldman, Amy Anchieta, Mitchell J Feldmann, Dominique D A Pincot, Randi A Famula, Mishi Vachev, Glenn S Cole, Steven J Knapp, Steven J Klosterman, Peter M Henry","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-24-0012-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-24-0012-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>fragariae</i> (<i>Fof</i>) race 1 is avirulent on cultivars with the dominant resistance gene <i>FW1</i>, while <i>Fof</i> race 2 is virulent on <i>FW1</i>-resistant cultivars. We hypothesized there was a gene-for-gene interaction between a gene at the <i>FW1</i> locus and an avirulence gene (<i>AvrFW1</i>) in <i>Fof</i> race 1. To identify a candidate <i>AvrFW1</i>, we compared genomes of 24 <i>Fof</i> race 1 and three <i>Fof</i> race 2 isolates. We found one candidate gene that was present in race 1, was absent in race 2, was highly expressed in planta, and was homologous to a known effector, <i>secreted in xylem 6</i> (<i>SIX6</i>). We knocked out <i>SIX6</i> in two <i>Fof</i> race 1 isolates by homologous recombination. All <i>SIX6</i> knockout transformants (Δ<i>SIX6</i>) gained virulence on <i>FW1/fw1</i> cultivars, whereas ectopic transformants and the wildtype isolates remained avirulent. Δ<i>SIX6</i> isolates were quantitatively less virulent on <i>FW1/fw1</i> cultivars Fronteras and San Andreas than <i>fw1/fw1</i> cultivars. Seedlings from an <i>FW1/fw1</i> × <i>fw1/fw1</i> population were genotyped for <i>FW1</i> and tested for susceptibility to a <i>SIX6</i> knockout isolate. Results suggested that additional minor-effect quantitative resistance genes could be present at the <i>FW1</i> locus. This work demonstrates that <i>SIX6</i> acts as an avirulence factor interacting with a resistance gene at the <i>FW1</i> locus. The identification of <i>AvrFW1</i> enables surveillance for <i>Fof</i> race 2 and provides insight into the mechanisms of <i>FW1-</i>mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"530-541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of an SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex that Contributes to Resistance Against Valsa Canker in Apple.","authors":"Pengliang Han, Ruotong Zhang, Rui Li, Fudong Li, Lili Huang","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0206-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0206-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in plant disease resistance. Among them, the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex is the largest family and regulates the ubiquitination of a wide range of proteins. Apple Valsa canker (AVC) is a fungal disease of apple trees caused by the fungus <i>Valsa mali</i>, which can lead to significant economic losses. However, the function of the SCF complex in apple resistance to this disease is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that can enhance resistance to Valsa canker in apple. Disease evaluation experiments demonstrated that <i>MdSkp1</i> increased apple resistance to AVC. Furthermore, MdSkp1 interacted with an F-box protein, MdSKIP14, and interacted with a cullin-1 protein, MdCUL1, to form an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Additionally, we revealed both MdSKIP14 and MdCUL1 as positive regulators of AVC resistance. In conclusion, our results identified an SCF complex capable of contributing to apple resistance against AVC, providing a theoretical basis for apple disease resistance and the sustainable development of the industry. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"520-529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140110789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Gti1/Pac2 Family Proteins in Fungal Growth, Morphogenesis, Stress Response, and Pathogenicity.","authors":"Zheng Luo, Dianguang Xiong, Chengming Tian","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-11-23-0198-CR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-11-23-0198-CR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gti1/Pac2 is a fungal-specific transcription factor family with a stable and conserved N-terminal domain. Generally, there are two members in this family, named Gti1/Wor1/Rpy1/Mit1/Reg1/Ros1/Sge1 and Pac2, which are involved in fungal growth, development, stress response, spore production, pathogenicity, and so on. The Gti1/Pac2 family proteins share some conserved and distinct functions. For example, in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>, Gti1 promotes the initiation of gluconate uptake during glucose starvation, while Pac2 controls the onset of sexual development in a pathway independent of the cAMP cascade. In the last two decades, more attention was focused on the Gti1 and its orthologs because of their significant effect on morphological switching and fungal virulence. By contrast, limited work was published on the functions of Pac2, which is required for stress responses and conidiation, but plays a minor role in fungal virulence. In this review, we present an overview of our current understanding of the Gti1/Pac2 proteins that contribute to fungal development and/or pathogenicity and of the regulation mechanisms during infection related development. Understanding the working networks of the conserved Gti1/Pac2 transcription factors in fungal pathogenicity not only advances our knowledge of the highly elaborate infection process but may also lead to the development of novel strategies for the control of plant disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"488-497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Arsenal: Protist Effectors and Their Impact on Photosynthetic Hosts.","authors":"Soham Mukhopadhyay, Andrea Garvetto, Sigrid Neuhauser, Edel Pérez-López","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-11-23-0196-CR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-11-23-0196-CR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between various microbial pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and their plant hosts have traditionally been the focus of phytopathology. In recent years, a significant and growing interest in the study of eukaryotic microorganisms not classified among fungi or oomycetes has emerged. Many of these protists establish complex interactions with photosynthetic hosts, and understanding these interactions is crucial in understanding the dynamics of these parasites within traditional and emerging types of farming, including marine aquaculture. Many phytopathogenic protists are biotrophs with complex polyphasic life cycles, which makes them difficult or impossible to culture, a fact reflected in a wide gap in the availability of comprehensive genomic data when compared to fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. Furthermore, our ability to use available genomic resources for these protists is limited by the broad taxonomic distance that these organisms span, which makes comparisons with other genomic datasets difficult. The current rapid progress in genomics and computational tools for the prediction of protein functions and interactions is revolutionizing the landscape in plant pathology. This is also opening novel possibilities, specifically for a deeper understanding of protist effectors. Tools like AlphaFold2 enable structure-based function prediction of effector candidates with divergent protein sequences. In turn, this allows us to ask better biological questions and, coupled with innovative experimental strategies, will lead into a new era of effector research, especially for protists, to expand our knowledge on these elusive pathogens and their interactions with photosynthetic hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"498-506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140318733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Burkholderia</i> Tolerate Nature's Tearful Defense in the <i>Allium</i> Chemical Arms Race.","authors":"Amelia H Lovelace","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0057-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0057-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 6","pages":"486-487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrance Denied: Deciphering the Transcriptional Circuitry of Wheat Resistance to <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>.","authors":"Manish Tiwari","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0030-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0030-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 5","pages":"425-426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Avirulence Factor AvrStb6 Accumulates in Hyphae Close to Stomata and Triggers a Wheat Defense Response Hindering Fungal Penetration.","authors":"Julien Alassimone, Coraline Praz, Cécile Lorrain, Agustina De Francesco, Cristian Carrasco-López, Luigi Faino, Ziqi Shen, Lukas Meile, Andrea Sánchez-Vallet","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-11-23-0181-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-11-23-0181-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, is one of Europe's most damaging wheat pathogens, causing significant economic losses. Genetic resistance is a common strategy to control the disease, <i>Stb6</i> being a resistance gene used for more than 100 years in Europe. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying Stb6-mediated resistance. Utilizing confocal microscopy imaging, we determined that <i>Z. tritici</i> epiphytic hyphae mainly accumulate the corresponding avirulence factor AvrStb6 in close proximity to stomata. Consequently, the progression of AvrStb6-expressing avirulent strains is hampered during penetration. The fungal growth inhibition co-occurs with a transcriptional reprogramming in wheat characterized by an induction of immune responses, genes involved in stomatal regulation, and cell wall-related genes. Overall, we shed light on the gene-for-gene resistance mechanisms in the wheat-<i>Z. tritici</i> pathosystem at the cytological and transcriptomic level, and our results highlight that stomatal penetration is a critical process for pathogenicity and resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"432-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Micacocidin Production-Related <i>RSc1806</i> Deletion Alters the Quorum Sensing-Dependent Gene Regulation of <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i> Strain OE1-1.","authors":"Yuki Terazawa, Masayuki Tsuzuki, Hiroto Nakajima, Kanako Inoue, Sora Tateda, Akinori Kiba, Kouhei Ohnishi, Kenji Kai, Yasufumi Hikichi","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0203-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0203-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soil-borne phytopathogenic gram-negative bacterium <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> species complex (RSSC) produces staphyloferrin B and micacocidin as siderophores that scavenge for trivalent iron (Fe³⁺) in the environment, depending on the intracellular divalent iron (Fe²⁺) concentration. The staphyloferrin B-deficient mutant reportedly retains its virulence, but the relationship between micacocidin and virulence remains unconfirmed. To elucidate the effect of micacocidin on RSSC virulence, we generated the micacocidin productivity-deficient mutant (Δ<i>RSc1806</i>) that lacks <i>RSc1806</i>, which encodes a putative polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, using the RSSC phylotype I <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i> strain OE1-1. When incubated in the condition without Fe²⁺, Δ<i>RSc1806</i> showed significantly lower Fe³⁺-scavenging activity, compared with OE1-1. Until 8 days after inoculation on tomato plants, Δ<i>RSc1806</i> was not virulent, similar to the mutant (Δ<i>phcA</i>) missing <i>phcA</i>, which encodes the LysR-type transcriptional regulator PhcA that regulates the expression of the genes responsible for quorum sensing (QS)-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The transcriptome analysis revealed that <i>RSc1806</i> deletion significantly altered the expression of more than 80% of the PhcA-regulated genes in the mutant grown in medium with or without Fe²⁺. Among the PhcA-regulated genes, the transcript levels of the genes whose expression was affected by the deletion of <i>RSc1806</i> were strongly and positively correlated between the Δ<i>RSc1806</i> and the <i>phcA</i>-deletion mutant. Furthermore, the deletion of <i>RSc1806</i> significantly modified QS-dependent phenotypes, similar to the effects of the deletion of <i>phcA</i>. Collectively, our findings suggest that the deletion of micacocidin production-related <i>RSc1806</i> alters the regulation of PhcA-regulated genes responsible for QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence as well as Fe³⁺-scavenging activity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}