Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"A diazeniumdiolate signal in <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> upregulates virulence factors and promotes survival in plants.","authors":"Qiang Guo, Caitlin N Vitro, Drake M Crawford, Bo Li","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0069-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0069-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> infects a wide variety of crops. The <i>mangotoxin-generating operon</i> (<i>mgo</i>) is conserved across many <i>P. syringae</i> strains and is responsible for producing an extracellular chemical signal, leudiazen. Disruption of the <i>mgoA</i> gene in <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> (<i>Pss</i>) UMAF0158 alleviated tomato chlorosis caused by this bacterium. We showed that deletion of entire <i>mgo</i> reduced <i>Pss</i> UMAF0158 population in tomato leaflets. Leudiazen restored the signaling activity of the deletion mutant at a concentration as low as 10 nM. Both the diazeniumdiolate and isobutyl groups of leudiazen are critical for this potent signaling activity. Transcriptional analysis showed that <i>mgo</i> and leudiazen induce the expression of <i>mangotoxin biosynthetic operon</i> as well as an uncharacterized gene cluster, RS17235-RS17245. We found that this cluster enhances survival of <i>Pss</i> UMAF0158 in planta and is widely distributed in <i>P. syringae</i> strains. Our results demonstrate that <i>mgo</i> plays prominent roles in the virulence and growth of <i>P. syringae</i>. The <i>mgo</i> and <i>mgo</i>-like signaling systems in different bacteria likely regulate diverse microbe-host interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-species expression of an EF-HAND CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN in <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i> leads to reduced virulence and decreased immune evasion in tomato plants.","authors":"Shaheen Bibi, Gerald V Minsavage, J Figueiredo, Sujan Timilsina, Kayla Margin, Juliana Quay, Hannah Bendure, Elizabeth Ryerson, Cliff Calloway, Jacob Andring, Aastha Subedi, Robert McKenna, Paul Gulig, Erica M Goss, Jason C Hurlbert, Jeffrey B Jones","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0073-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0073-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type three secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium binding protein, EfhX_<i>Xfa</i>, in the citrus pathogen, <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>aurantifolii</i>, that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhX_<i>Xfa</i> was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium . EfhX_<i>Xfa</i> expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of <i>X. perforans</i> transconjugants with and without the <i>efhX</i>_<i>Xfa</i> gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without <i>efhX</i>_<i>Xfa</i> yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhX_<i>Xfa</i>. An EfhX_<i>Xfa</i> homolog, EfhX_<i>Xe</i>, present in the pepper pathogen, <i>X. euvesicatoria</i>, when expressed in the tomato pathogen, <i>X. perforans</i>, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested <i>X. perforans</i> and <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the <i>efhX</i>_<i>Xe</i> gene, whereas most <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains pathogenic on pepper do not.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Complexity and Functionality of Plant Virus Protein Phosphorylation.","authors":"Yuansheng Wu, Na Liu, Chengxu Zheng, Dongyuan Li, Shanshan Li, Jianguo Wu, Shanshan Zhao","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0034-CR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0034-CR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorylation, the most extensive and pleiotropic form of protein posttranslation modification, is central to cellular signal transduction. Throughout the extensive co-evolution of plant hosts and viruses, modifications to phosphorylation have served multiple purposes. Such modifications highlight the evolutionary trajectories of viruses and their hosts, with pivotal roles in regulation and refinement of host-virus interactions. In plant hosts, protein phosphorylation orchestrates immune responses, enhancing the activities of defense-related proteins such as kinases and transcription factors, thereby strengthening pathogen resistance in plants. Moreover, phosphorylation influences the interactions between host and viral proteins, altering viral spread and replication within host plants. In the context of plant viruses, protein phosphorylation controls key aspects of the infection cycle, including viral protein functionality and the interplay between viruses and host plant cells, leading to effects on viral accumulation and dissemination within plant tissues. Explorations of the nuances of protein phosphorylation in plant hosts and their interactions with viruses are particularly important. This review provides a systematic summary of the biological roles of the proteins of plant viruses carrying diverse genomes in regulating infection and host responses through changes in the phosphorylation status. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Chemical-Inducible Gene Expression Systems for Beet Cyst Nematode Infection Assays in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","authors":"Xunliang Liu, Melissa G Mitchum","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0042-TA","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0042-TA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyst nematodes co-opt plant developmental programs for the establishment of a permanent feeding site called a syncytium in plant roots. In recent years, the role of plant developmental genes in syncytium formation has gained much attention. One main obstacle in studying the function of development-related genes in syncytium formation is that mutation or ectopic expression of such genes can cause pleiotropic phenotypes, making it difficult to interpret nematode-related phenotypes or, in some cases, impossible to carry out infection assays due to aberrant root development. Here, we tested three commonly used inducible gene expression systems for their application in beet cyst nematode infection assays of the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We found that even a low amount of ethanol diminished nematode development, deeming the ethanol-based system unsuitable for use in cyst nematode infection assays, whereas treatment with estradiol or dexamethasone did not negatively affect cyst nematode viability. Dose and time course responses showed that in both systems, a relatively low dose of inducer (1 μM) is sufficient to induce high transgene expression within 24 h of treatment. Transgene expression peaked at 3 to 5 days post-induction and began to decline thereafter, providing a perfect window for inducible transgenes to interfere with syncytium establishment while minimizing any adverse effects on root development. These results indicate that both estradiol- and dexamethasone-based inducible gene expression systems are suitable for cyst nematode infection assays. The employment of such systems provides a powerful tool to investigate the function of essential plant developmental genes in syncytium formation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Candidate Avirulence and Virulence Genes Corresponding to Stem Rust (<i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) Resistance Genes in Wheat.","authors":"Arjun Upadhaya, Sudha G C Upadhaya, Robert Brueggeman","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0056-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0056-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem rust, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pgt</i>), is an important disease of wheat. However, the majority of <i>Pgt</i> virulence/avirulence loci and underlying genes remain uncharacterized due to the constraints of developing bi-parental populations with this obligate biotroph. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a sexual <i>Pgt</i> population mainly collected from the Pacific Northwestern United States were used to identify candidate virulence/avirulence effector genes corresponding to the six wheat <i>Sr</i> genes: <i>Sr5</i>, <i>Sr21</i>, <i>Sr8a</i>, <i>Sr17</i>, <i>Sr9a</i>, and <i>Sr9d</i>. The <i>Pgt</i> isolates were genotyped using whole-genome shotgun sequencing that identified approximately 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and were phenotyped at the seedling stage on six <i>Sr</i> gene differential lines. Association mapping analyses identified 17 <i>Pgt</i> loci associated with virulence or avirulence phenotypes on six <i>Pgt</i> resistance genes. Among these loci, 16 interacted with a specific <i>Sr</i> gene, indicating <i>Sr</i>-gene specific interactions. However, one avirulence locus interacted with two separate <i>Sr</i> genes (<i>Sr9a</i> and <i>Sr17</i>), suggesting two distinct <i>Sr</i> genes identifying a single avirulence effector. A total of 24 unique effector gene candidates were identified, and haplotype analysis suggests that within this population, <i>AvrSr5</i>, <i>AvrSr21</i>, <i>AvrSr8a</i>, <i>AvrSr17</i>, and <i>AvrSr9a</i> are dominant avirulence genes, while <i>avrSr9d</i> is a dominant virulence gene. The putative effector genes will be fundamental for future effector gene cloning efforts, allowing for further understanding of rust effector biology and the mechanisms underlying virulence evolution in <i>Pgt</i> with respect to race-specific <i>R</i>-genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reshaping the Primary Cell Wall: Dual Effects on Plant Resistance to <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and Heat Stress Response.","authors":"Henri Desaint, Alessandro Gigli, Adrien Belny, Hua Cassan-Wang, Yves Martinez, Fabienne Vailleau, Fabien Mounet, Samantha Vernhettes, Richard Berthomé, Marta Marchetti","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0059-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0059-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature elevation drastically affects plant defense responses to <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and inhibits the major source of resistance in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, which is mediated by the receptor pair RRS1-R/RPS4. In this study, we refined a previous genome-wide association (GWA) mapping analysis by using a local score approach and detected the primary cell wall <i>CESA3</i> gene as a major gene involved in plant response to <i>R. solanacearum</i> at both 27°C and an elevated temperature, 30°C. We functionally validated <i>CESA3</i> as a susceptibility gene involved in resistance to <i>R. solanacearum</i> at both 27 and 30°C through a reverse genetic approach. We provide evidence that the <i>cesa3^mre1</i> mutant enhances resistance to bacterial disease and that resistance is associated with an alteration of root cell morphology conserved at elevated temperatures. However, even by forcing the entry of the bacterium to bypass the primary cell wall barrier, the <i>cesa3^mre1</i> mutant still showed enhanced resistance to <i>R. solanacearum</i> with delayed onset of bacterial wilt symptoms. We demonstrated that the <i>cesa3^mre1</i>mutant had constitutive expression of the defense-related gene <i>VSP1</i>, which is upregulated at elevated temperatures, and that during infection, its expression level is maintained higher than in the wild-type Col-0. In conclusion, this study reveals that alteration of the primary cell wall by mutating the cellulose synthase subunit CESA3 contributes to enhanced resistance to <i>R. solanacearum</i>, remaining effective under heat stress. We expect that these results will help to identify robust genetic sources of resistance to <i>R. solanacearum</i> in the context of global warming. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fortifying Plant Armor: CESA3 Enhances <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>'s Defense Against Bacterial Wilt Under Heat Stress.","authors":"Jawahar Singh, Manish Tiwari","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0077-CM","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0077-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Precision in Callose Staining: Unveiling the Role of Sirofluor.","authors":"Uwe Conrath","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0038-LE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0038-LE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Callose is a vital component in plant biology, contributing to essential processes like pollen maturation and defense against pathogens. However, misconceptions surrounding callose staining persist, particularly regarding the role of aniline blue. It is now known that commercial aniline blue contains sirofluor, and it is this fluorophore, rather than aniline blue itself, that is responsible for the observed fluorescence during callose detection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Majority of the highly variable NLRs in maize share genomic location and contain additional target-binding domains.","authors":"Daniil M Prigozhin, Chandler A Sutherland, Sanjay Rangavajjhala, Ksenia V Krasileva","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0047-FI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0047-FI","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nucleotide-binding, Leucine Rich Repeat proteins (NLRs) are a major class of immune receptors in plants. NLRs include both conserved and rapidly evolving members, however their evolutionary trajectory in crops remains understudied. Availability of crop pan-genomes enables analysis of the recent events in the evolution of this highly complex gene family within domesticated species. Here, we investigated the NLR complement of 26 nested association mapping (NAM) founder lines of maize. We found that maize has just four main subfamilies containing rapidly evolving highly variable NLR (hvNLR) receptors. Curiously, three of these phylogenetically distinct hvNLR lineages are located in adjacent clusters on chromosome 10. Members of the same hvNLR clade show variable expression and methylation across lines and tissues, consistent with their rapid evolution. By combining sequence diversity analysis and AlphaFold2 computational structure prediction we predicted ligand binding sites in the hvNLRs. We also observed novel insertion domains in the LRR regions of two hvNLR subfamilies that likely contribute to target recogniton. To make this analysis accessible, we created NLRCladeFinder, a Google Colaboratory notebook, that accepts any newly identified NLR sequence, places it in the evolutionary context of the maize pan-NLRome, and provides an updated clade alignment, phylogenetic tree, and sequence diversity information for the gene of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Role of Soil Microbes in Herbicide Degradation and Crop Protection.","authors":"Siva Sankari","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0067-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0067-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}