Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"<i>Phytophthora alni</i> Infection Reinforces the Defense Reactions in <i>Alnus glutinosa</i>-<i>Frankia</i> Roots to the Detriment of Nodules.","authors":"Mathilde Vincent, Hasna Boubakri, Pascale Fournier, Nicolas Parisot, Pierre Pétriacq, Cédric Cassan, Amélie Flandin, Guylaine Miotello, Jean Armengaud, Anne-Emmanuelle Hay, Aude Herrera-Belaroussi","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0160-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0160-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alnus glutinosa</i>, able to establish symbiosis with mutualistic bacteria of the genus <i>Frankia</i>, is one of the main species in European riparian environments, where it performs numerous biological and socioeconomic functions. However, riparian ecosystems face a growing threat from <i>Phytophthora alni</i>, a highly aggressive waterborne pathogen causing severe dieback in <i>A. glutinosa</i>. To date, the tripartite interaction between the host plant, the symbiont <i>Frankia</i>, and the pathogen remains unexplored but is critical for understanding how pathogen-induced stress influences the nodule molecular machinery and thus the host-symbiont metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to explore for the first time how <i>P. alni</i> affects the overall molecular processes of <i>Alnus glutinosa-Frankia</i> nodules, with a special focus on unraveling the spatial expression of defense mechanisms within these tissues. We conducted a laboratory experiment based on <i>P. alni</i> infection of young <i>A. glutinosa</i> seedlings nodulated with <i>Frankia alni</i> ACN14a, noninfected or infected with the pathogen <i>P. alni</i>. Multi-omics analyses (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) were carried out on nodules (N) and associated roots (AR) of the same plant to underline the impact on the nodule molecular processes (i.e., N/AR markers) when the host plant is infected compared with noninfected plants. Our results revealed that <i>P. alni</i> infection modified the molecular nodule processes and induced reprograming of defense-related markers by a shift in associated roots to the detriment of nodules. These findings suggest that <i>A. glutinosa</i> reinforces locally its immune responses in roots but moderates this activation in nodules to preserve its <i>Frankia</i> symbiont. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"463-478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Roles of Plant GATA21/22 Transcriptional Regulators in Defense Against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens.","authors":"Nikhilesh Dhar, Amy Anchieta, Isaac Arnold, Renée L Eriksen, Krishna V Subbarao, Ramesh Raina, Steven J Klosterman","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0095-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0095-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>GATA</i> family of transcriptional regulators is broadly conserved between plant and animal kingdoms. Here, we report that some of the <i>GATA</i> genes are suppressed in Arabidopsis during fungal and bacterial infections. However, strikingly, <i>GATA21</i> and <i>GATA22</i> encode positive regulators of defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens while acting antagonistically against hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens. Following infection by <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, the <i>gata21</i> and <i>gata22</i> mutants exhibit defective growth in bolt length and in total silique number. These results suggest that <i>GATA21</i> and <i>GATA22</i> regulate growth and reproduction in Arabidopsis both during normal growth and in response to infection by pathogens. Because the GATA family is conserved, our findings have broad implications for the role of <i>GATA</i> transcription regulators in integrating signals from biotic interactions with those for growth and development. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"358-364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Viral Brake on Bloom: BYDV-GAV Delays Flowering via VOZ Degradation.","authors":"Ved Prakash, Jawahar Singh","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-25-0060-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-25-0060-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"38 3","pages":"356-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three <i>Xanthomonas</i> Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Sorghum <i>Brown midrib12</i> Contribute to Virulence and Resistance in the Bacterial Leaf Streak Pathosystem.","authors":"Qi Wang, Kira M Veley, Joshua M B Johnson, Josh Sumner, Gijs van Erven, Mirjam A Kabel, Singha Dhungana, Jeffrey Berry, Adam Boyher, David M Braun, Wilfred Vermerris, Rebecca S Bart","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0051-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0051-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With an increasing demand for renewable fuels, bioenergy crops are being developed with high sugar content and altered cell walls to improve processing efficiency. These traits may have unintended consequences for plant disease resistance. <i>Xanthomonas vasicola</i> pv. <i>holcicola</i> (<i>Xvh</i>), the causal agent of sorghum bacterial leaf streak, is a widespread bacterial pathogen. Here, we show that <i>Xvh</i> expresses several bacterial cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) during sorghum infection, and these are required for full virulence. In tolerant sorghum, <i>Xvh</i> infection results in the induction of a key enzyme in monolignol biosynthesis, <i>Brown midrib12</i> (<i>Bmr12</i>), but this did not affect lignin content nor composition. Mutation of <i>Bmr12</i> rendered the tolerant genotype susceptible. <i>Bmr12</i> encodes caffeic acid <i>O</i>-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that generates sinapaldehyde as its major product. Growth inhibition of <i>Xvh</i> in the presence of sinapaldehyde was observed in vitro. We conclude that mutations that alter the components of the sorghum cell wall can reduce sorghum resistance to <i>Xvh</i> and that <i>Xvh</i> CWDEs contribute to bacterial virulence. Given the enhanced bioprocessing characteristics of <i>bmr12</i> sorghum, these results provide a cautionary tale for current and future efforts aimed at developing dedicated bioenergy crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"400-410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Key Gain-of-Function Residue for Effector Binding by In Vitro Shuffling of Barley <i>Mla NLR</i> Genes.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Zhang, Bayantes Dagvadorj, Jialing Gao, Lucy M Molloy, Lauren M Crean, Simon J Williams, John P Rathjen","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-11-24-0146-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-11-24-0146-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural plant populations maintain high resistance (<i>R</i>) gene diversities that provide effective pathogen resistance; however, agricultural crops typically contain limited <i>R</i> gene diversity, so resistance is often short-lived, as pathogens evolve rapidly to evade recognition. The <i>Mildew resistance locus A</i> (<i>Mla</i>) <i>R</i> gene family of barley and wheat represents a rich source of natural genetic variation that is ideal for mining disease resistance specificities. <i>Mla R</i> genes encode immune receptor proteins of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat class that recognize unrelated plant pathogens by binding secreted virulence proteins termed effectors. Using DNA shuffling, we generated a variant library by recombining the barley <i>Mla7</i> and <i>Mla13</i> genes in vitro. The variant library was cloned into yeast generating approximately 4,000 independent clones and was screened for interaction with corresponding barley powdery mildew effectors AVR_A13 and AVR_A7 using a yeast two-hybrid assay. This yielded a number of MLA protein variants that interacted with AVR_A13. Sequences of the interacting MLA variants can be clustered into three groups, all of which contain a critical residue from MLA13. Although MLA13 and MLA7 differ by 30 residues across the leucine-rich repeat domain, the replacement of leucine with serine at this position in MLA7 is necessary and sufficient for interaction with AVR_A13 in yeast and AVR_A13-dependent immune signaling in planta. We have established a pipeline that evolves MLAs to recognize distinct pathogen effectors without the requirement for protein structural knowledge and the use of rational design. We suggest that these findings represent a step toward evolving novel recognition capabilities rapidly in vitro. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"454-462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-GAV Movement Protein and VOZ Proteins Delays Flowering of Plant.","authors":"Yilin Zhang, Caiping Huang, Qiang Zeng, Ming Yang, Yanhong Wu, Ye Tao, Shafat Ahmad Ahanger, Hamza Rafiq, Yunfeng Wu, Xingan Hao","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-25-0013-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-25-0013-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dwarfing and yellowing are characteristic symptoms caused by viral infections and are considered significant contributors to reduced crop yield. In this study, we identified that infection by barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV (BYDV-GAV) leads to a delay in the flowering process, potentially diminishing grain yield in wheat. The BYDV-GAV movement protein (MP) interacts with vascular plant one-zinc finger proteins (VOZs), which play a crucial role in promoting wheat flowering. Expression of MP inhibits floral transition in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Furthermore, BYDV-GAV MP facilitates the degradation of VOZ transcription factors via the 26S proteasome pathway, independently of phytochrome B. Domain B in VOZ is essential for the interaction between VOZ and MP. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-induced symptoms. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleiotropic Phenotypes of the Tomato <i>diageotropica</i> Mutant Enable Resistance to <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>.","authors":"Katherine Rivera-Zuluaga, Pratibha Choudhary, Sana Mohammad, Denise Caldwell, Rebecca Leuschen-Kohl, Pete E Pascuzzi, Anjali Iyer-Pascuzzi","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0123-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0123-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is the most common form of disease resistance in crops, but is challenging to understand at the cellular level due to the involvement of many genes and biological processes. <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, is a destructive plant pathogen of Solanaceous species that is best controlled by quantitatively resistant varieties, but few QDR genes are known. We previously found that a tomato auxin pathway mutant known as <i>diageotropica</i> (<i>dgt</i>) has enhanced resistance to <i>R. solanacearum</i>. Here we show that, like wild-type quantitatively resistant tomato plants, resistance in <i>dgt</i> is the result of multiple mechanisms. Mock-inoculated <i>dgt</i> roots have endogenously higher levels of the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). However, the SA-deficient double mutant <i>dgtNahG</i> is still resistant to <i>R. solanacearum</i>, indicating that SA-independent pathways are also required for resistance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that <i>R. solanacearum</i> colonization of root xylem is delayed in <i>dgt</i>. We found an increased number of lignified xylem cells and altered root vasculature anatomy in <i>dgt</i>, and <i>dgt</i> root length was not impacted by <i>R. solanacearum</i> treatment. Similar to the wilt-resistant wild-type tomato Hawaii7996, RNA-seq results suggested that <i>dgt</i> may tolerate <i>R. solanacearum</i>-induced water stress better than the wilt-susceptible parent. Thus, resistance in <i>dgt</i> is due to several pathways, including pre-activated SA defenses, physical barriers in the xylem, and an ability to tolerate water stress. The pleiotropic nature of this single mutation appears to mimic quantitative resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soilborne Fungus <i>Verticillium longisporum</i> and Its Interactions with the Brassicaceous Hosts.","authors":"Vahideh Rafiei, Christina Dixelius, Georgios Tzelepis","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-03-25-0029-IRW","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-03-25-0029-IRW","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Verticillium longisporum</i>, a soilborne fungal species, is the causative agent of Verticillium stripe disease in <i>Brassica</i> species and represents a notable threat to agricultural production, particularly in regions where oilseed rape is a major crop, including Europe, North America, and Asia. The microsclerotia of this pathogen can persist in the soil for extended periods, with a potential lifespan of up to a decade, thereby posing a substantial challenge for the complete eradication of the pathogen from infested soil. The genome of <i>V. longisporum</i> is amphidiploid and resulted from the hybridization of <i>V. dahliae</i> (D genotypes) and an unidentified species (A1 genotype). At least three independent hybridization events are estimated to have occurred, resulting in three distinct lineages: A1/D1, A1/D2, and A1/D3. Genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of mating-type idiomorphs, putative cell wall-degrading enzymes, and effectors. However, due to the complexity of the genome, there is a paucity of research on the molecular interactions between <i>V. longisporum</i> and <i>Brassica</i> crops. This review summarizes the extant knowledge regarding the pathogenicity factors that <i>V. longisporum</i> deploys upon infection and the host immune responses against this attack, highlighting aspects that remain to be elucidated and the molecular tools available for studying this interaction. A better understanding of the molecular interactions in this pathosystem will contribute to developing more effective control measures against this disease in <i>Brassica</i> oilseed and cabbage crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRF6 Is Necessary for the Perception of the Cell Wall Component TGA by <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Its Subsequent Immune Reaction.","authors":"Aparna Bhasin, Stephanie Chan, Ishal Dave, Leah Ritchie, G Adam Mott","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-25-0036-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-25-0036-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants are sessile organisms and must accurately respond to a host variety of growth, developmental, and environmental signals throughout their life to maximize fitness. Plant cell surface receptor-like kinases are ideal for the perception of such signals and their transduction within the cell. The Strubbelig Receptor Family (SRF) is a group of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, several of which have unknown function. Here, we identify a role for SRF6 in the perception of cell wall damage and the activation of downstream immune responses. We show that SRF6 is necessary for proper immune responses following elicitation with a short-chain oligogalacturonic acid, including activation of defense genes and increased bacterial resistance. We also demonstrated the <i>srf6</i> mutants are more sensitive to isoxaben treatment, suggesting enhanced cell wall integrity maintenance responses. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that cell wall integrity maintenance responses are elevated when pattern-triggered immunity is compromised.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome and Cell Type Signature Analysis of Laser-Microdissected Syncytia Induced by the Cyst Nematode <i>Heterodera schachtii</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Roots.","authors":"Xunliang Liu, Melissa G Mitchum","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-03-25-0024-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-03-25-0024-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyst nematodes (CNs) establish a highly specialized feeding structure called a syncytium in host roots by secreting effectors into a selected host cell that reprogram host development programs. The selected host cell undergoes distinct morphological, physiological, and gene expression changes, resulting in the fusion of hundreds of cells to create a novel cell type that does not normally exist in the host. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of the syncytium induced by the beet cyst nematode (BCN) <i>Heterodera schachtii</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots using laser capture microdissection and RNA-sequencing. Aside from biological processes that are expected to be altered by nematode infection, we also found that genes annotated in nitrate and iron ion signaling and transport related biological processes are significantly overrepresented in genes that are down-regulated by BCN infection, suggesting these ions may play important roles in BCN infection. Comparing the syncytium transcriptome to that of various root cell types showed that it was overrepresented by genes that are enriched in cells marked by <i>ATHB15</i>, a member of HD-ZIP III transcription factor family that is highly expressed in the stem cell organizer of the root vasculature. These results suggest that the syncytium may partially adopt the molecular signature of a stem cell organizer, consistent with our previous hypothesis that BCN uses a stem cell organizer as an intermediate status for syncytium formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}