Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"The RING-Type Ubiquitin Ligase XBAT35.2 Positively Modulates Plant Immunity by Promoting FLS2 Protein Accumulation.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Chaofeng Wang, Bangjun Zhou, Pooja Verma, Sadia Hamera, Lirong Zeng","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0015-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0015-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) serves as a critical frontline defense in plants, initiated by the recognition of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The PRR FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2), which perceives bacterial flagellin (flg22), is essential for plant defense against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase (E3) XBAT35.2 positively regulates FLS2-mediated PTI by modulating FLS2 protein stability. XBAT35 belongs to an Arabidopsis E3 ligase family that features an ankyrin-repeat (ANK)-RING domain architecture and is highly homologous to tomato XBSL35 (<u>XB3</u> ortholog <u>5</u> in <i><u>S</u>olanum <u>l</u>ycopersicum</i>), an interactor of the tomato E2 enzyme Fni3 that has been implicated in Lys63-linked ubiquitination and plant immunity. The <i>XBAT35</i> transcript undergoes alternative splicing, giving rise to two isoforms, XBAT35.1 and XBAT35.2. Unlike XBAT34 and XBAT35.1, XBAT35.2 was shown to function in plant immunity against the bacterial pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> strain DC3000. Overexpression of XBAT35.2 increases FLS2 protein accumulation without affecting BAK1 levels, and the <i>xbat35</i> null mutant exhibits enhanced flg22-induced FLS2 degradation. XBAT35.2 is localized to the plasma membrane (PM) and the Golgi apparatus, interacting with FLS2, BAK1, and BIK1 at the PM in vivo via its ANK domain. Treatment with flg22 strengthens XBAT35.2 interactions with FLS2 and BAK1 but reduces its association with BIK1. Notably, XBAT35.2 does not ubiquitinate FLS2 in vitro. These findings suggest that XBAT35.2 contributes to plant PTI by modulating FLS2 protein stability, presumably without directly ubiquitinating FLS2, and likely also facilitates early FLS2-mediated immune signaling. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"413-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Rpp2</i> Encodes a TIR-NBS-WH-LRR Protein that Confers Resistance to <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> in Soybean.","authors":"Katerina L Holan, Nicole C Thunes, Lori M Lincoln, Amy Wright, Brian Diers, Ricardo V Abdelnoor, Jamie A O'Rourke, Steven A Whitham, Kerry F Pedley, Michelle A Graham","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0013-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0013-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The obligate biotrophic fungus <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> Syd. & P. Syd., the causal agent of soybean rust, is among the most formidable pathogens of soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.). The pathogen is now established in all major soybean-growing areas of the world and presents a significant impediment to global soybean production. Most soybean germplasm is susceptible, enabling the fungus to penetrate and colonize the leaf tissue, causing tan-colored necrotic lesions to form at the site of infection. Severe infection reduces photosynthesis and causes premature defoliation, which ultimately decreases crop yield and seed quality. Eight genetic loci, <i>Rpp1</i>/<i>Rpp1b</i> to <i>Rpp7</i> and <i>Rpp6907</i>, that confer race-specific resistance to <i>P. pachyrhizi</i> (<i>Rpp</i>) have been identified. <i>Rpp2</i> was identified and characterized in the soybean accession PI 230970 and fine-mapped to a 188.1-kb interval on chromosome 16, a region predicted to contain several toll/interleukin-1 receptor nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NLR) genes. To identify <i>Rpp2</i>, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the resistant soybean accession PI 230970. Sequencing BACs that span the <i>Rpp2</i> locus identified 14 candidate genes with homology to the TIR-NLR family of resistance genes. Of these, seven are predicted to encode full-length R proteins. Co-silencing the <i>Rpp2</i> candidate genes compromised resistance in soybean accession PI 230970. Gene expression analysis suggests that a single gene, <i>Rpp2C7_PI</i>, which shares the greatest homology to <i>Rpp2C6_Wms82</i> (Glyma.16G136600) in the Williams 82 reference genome, is responsible for <i>Rpp2</i>-mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"462-473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Root Response to Multiple Stressors: Mechanisms Underlying Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) Development.","authors":"Micol Guaschino, Heidi Hargarten, Christopher Cook, Huiting Zhang, Loren Honaas, Tracey Somera, Davide Spadaro","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0017-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0017-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>First reported in Italy in 2012, kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) has emerged as a major threat to <i>Actinidia deliciosa</i> vines in the Mediterranean region, significantly impacting kiwifruit production. Infection with biotic agents alone (e.g., <i>Phytopythium vexans</i>) has proven insufficient to reproduce KVDS symptoms, with studies suggesting root flooding as a key factor in KVDS development. To date, research has provided insights into the response of <i>A. deliciosa</i> to individual stress factors; however, little is known about how these plants cope with stress combinations. We characterized the transcriptome response of <i>Actinidia deliciosa</i> cultivar Hayward over time under biotic stress (inoculation with <i>P. vexans</i>), abiotic stress (root flooding), and their combination, mimicking KVDS development. This study revealed that although typical flooding responses (e.g., anaerobic metabolism shift, ethylene signaling) were present under combined stress, the overall transcriptomic profile was distinct and not predictable from individual stress responses. Notably, in the presence of flooding, key biotic defense mechanisms were suppressed, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and auxin signaling, despite their upregulation during infection with <i>P. vexans</i> alone. These results suggest that KVDS may involve an interaction between stressors, in which abiotic stress responses could come at the cost of plant defense mechanisms. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"489-507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol Dehydrogenase XoxF Confers a Competitive Advantage to <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> During Symbiosis with <i>Medicago sativa</i>.","authors":"Olivia N Walser, Enish Pathak, Angel I Banuelos, Silvia Rossbach","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-25-0110-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-25-0110-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent discovery of the lanthanide (Ln)-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (Ln-MDH) XoxF has expanded the spectrum of bacteria recognized for methylotrophic metabolism. Many bacteria, including rhizobia, have historically escaped being categorized as methylotrophs because they exclusively produce XoxF-type Ln-MDHs and entirely lack the long-studied calcium-dependent MDH MxaFI. We report that the XoxF-type Ln-MDH encoded by the <i>smb20173</i> gene is the sole MDH that supports methylotrophic growth of <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i>. The lanthanides that consistently supported growth of <i>S</i>. <i>meliloti</i> in minimal media with methanol included lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium. Based on genome, whole-transcriptome, and mutant phenotype analyses, we propose a metabolic model for Ln-dependent methylotrophy in <i>S</i>. <i>meliloti</i> wherein oxidation of one-carbon compounds, such as methanol, generate the reducing power needed to assimilate carbon via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. By investigating how these newfound insights into lanthanides reshape our understanding of the methylotrophic capabilities of rhizobia, we explored how methanol produced by plants has the potential to create a nutritional niche in the rhizosphere. Using a <i>Medicago sativa</i> (alfalfa) nodule occupancy assay, we found that a <i>xoxF</i> mutant strain was outcompeted by the wild-type strain only when lanthanides were available, suggesting that Ln-dependent methylotrophy promotes an efficient rhizobia-legume symbiosis. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"367-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RasGEFs Play Essential Roles in the Biology of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and Can Be Used as HIGS Targets for Disease Management.","authors":"Jinyi Tan, Lei Tian, Zhengxi Gong, Yan Xu, Shitou Xia, Ivo Feussner, Xin Li","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0022-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0022-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> is a notorious soilborne fungal pathogen that causes serious yield losses in many economically important crops such as canola, beans, lettuce, and sunflower. The diseases it causes, commonly known as Sclerotinia stem rot or white mold, are difficult to control due to the pathogen's wide host range and the persistence of the sclerotia. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) has recently emerged as a promising strategy for managing fungal diseases, including those caused by <i>S</i>. <i>sclerotiorum</i>. However, effective HIGS targets are limited due to the incomplete knowledge about the pathogen's survival and virulence strategies. In this study, through combined forward and reverse genetic analyses, we identified and characterized four Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RasGEFs) in <i>S</i>. <i>sclerotiorum</i>. These proteins were found to be essential for sclerotia development, compound appressoria functionality, and virulence to varying degrees. In parallel, four corresponding RasGEF homologs were characterized in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, a necrotrophic pathogen from the Sclerotiniaceae family, in which they contribute to fungal growth, conidiation, and virulence. Among them, RasGEFa plays a predominant role, as its deletion in both fungi resulted in the most severe developmental and virulence defects, and it appears to function upstream of the SMK1 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, plant hosts expressing double-stranded RNA targeting <i>SsRasGEFa</i> and <i>SsRasGEFc</i> showed significantly reduced disease symptoms, demonstrating the potential of HIGS as a strategy for controlling these pathogens. Taken together, our findings revealed that these RasGEFs play conserved and crucial roles in fungal development and virulence and represent promising molecular targets for durable HIGS-based crop protection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"520-531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nuclear Effector of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Targets a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase to Suppress Basal Plant Defense.","authors":"Anastasios Samaras, Evagelia Daskalaki, Shridhar Jambagi, Moses Biruma, Christina Dixelius, Georgios Tzelepis","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0019-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-26-0019-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungal pathogen <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> poses a major threat to the global production of cereals such as rice, wheat, and millets. Similar to other fungal pathogens, it secretes effector proteins to manipulate host immune responses, enabling successful colonization and infection. In this study, <i>M. oryzae</i> strains were collected from diseased finger millet plants and wild grasses in Uganda. A candidate effector gene-<i>Mo2928Fm</i>-was identified from a highly virulent finger millet strain and found to be strongly induced at 2 days postinoculation, suggesting a role in the early infection process. In silico analysis indicated that <i>Mo2928Fm</i> is present only in a subset of <i>M. oryzae</i> genomes and encodes a protein with two domains connected by a serine-rich linker. Confocal microscopy confirmed its nuclear localization in host cells, and gene deletion significantly reduced fungal virulence. Transient expression of <i>Mo2928Fm</i> suppressed the transcription of key plant immune response genes. Further analyses also revealed a potential interaction between Mo2928Fm and the plant mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) protein. Based on these findings, we propose that the Mo2928Fm-MAPK3 complex interferes with basal plant immune signaling and promotes susceptibility to blast disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"344-350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147365875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Understanding of the Genetic and Molecular Interactions Between the Tar Spot Pathogen <i>Phyllachora maydis</i> and Maize.","authors":"Abigail Rogers, Namrata Jaiswal, Denise L Caldwell, Emily M Roggenkamp, Steven R Scofield, Martin I Chilvers, Anjali S Iyer-Pascuzzi, Matthew Helm","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-01-26-0009-IRW","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-01-26-0009-IRW","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its initial detection in Indiana and Illinois in 2015, tar spot of maize, caused by <i>Phyllachora maydis</i>, has rapidly emerged as a significant constraint to maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) production in the continental United States. Over the past decade, this pathogen has caused recurrent disease epidemics throughout maize-growing regions across the United States and Canada, causing substantial yield losses. Notably, in 2024, tar spot was responsible for an estimated economic yield loss of $1.37 billion to U.S. farmers. Despite its agronomic impact to U.S. agriculture, no definitive sources of genetic resistance to <i>P. maydis</i> have been identified in maize germplasm, underscoring a critical need to elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of disease resistance. Accordingly, recent studies have begun to investigate the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms underlying <i>P. maydis</i> virulence and host colonization, with the long-term goal of developing durable resistance strategies. In this review, we synthesize the latest advances in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions within the maize-<i>P. maydis</i> pathosystem, with a focused emphasis on the genetic, molecular, and cellular dynamics that shape these interactions. Building on these insights, we outline key knowledge gaps and propose future research priorities aimed at accelerating the development of durable resistance and effective disease management strategies. Given the significant agricultural impact of <i>P. maydis</i>, coupled with its continued geographical expansion, we propose that this fungal pathogen poses an emerging threat to global maize production and emphasize the necessity for sustained research efforts to improve host resistance and disease management strategies. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional Regulation of Protein Trafficking Machinery in the Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis.","authors":"Christina Stonoha-Arther, Julie Sun, Dong Wang","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-25-0092-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-07-25-0092-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The model legume <i>Medicago truncatula</i> delivers nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides to the intracellular bacteria within nodules to coerce the microbe into terminal differentiation, which coincides with nitrogen fixation in this species. Inside the host cell, the anterograde protein trafficking pathway is repurposed toward a new compartment, the symbiosome. Precise protein delivery within the nodule is critical to the success of the symbiosis in <i>M</i>. <i>truncatula</i>; without it, nodules form but do not fix nitrogen. For example, when the plant lacks DNF1, the nodule-specific 22-kDa subunit of the signal peptidase complex (SPC), the intracellular bacteria fail to fully differentiate, leading to defective nitrogen fixation. The present study shows that <i>DNF1</i> became specialized in symbiosis through its nodule-specific expression, and we identified nodule-specific <i>cis</i>-elements that are crucial for that transcriptional control. Furthermore, we identified the nodule-specific SPC catalytic subunit and demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutation of this gene causes a symbiosis defect, which phenocopies the <i>dnf1</i> mutant. These results suggest that a dedicated SPC in the nodule is co-opted for symbiosis through transcriptional regulation. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"377-386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Necrosis Virus A Variants Identified in Sugarbeet Roots.","authors":"Alyssa Flobinus, John J Weiland, Carla M R Varanda, Patrick Materatski, Zachary Ittel, Karen Fugate, John Eide, Nathan Wyatt, Gary A Secor, Melvin D Bolton","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-25-0107-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-25-0107-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugarbeet provides an important source of sucrose, a stable, environmentally safe, and low-cost staple in the human diet. Viral diseases arising in sugarbeet ultimately impact sugar content, which translates to financial losses for growers. To manage diseases and prevent such losses from occurring, it is essential to characterize viruses responsible for disease. Recently, our laboratory identified a tobacco necrosis virus A variant named Beta vulgaris alphanecrovirus-1 (BvANV-1) in sugarbeet roots. We validated the infectivity of BvANV-1 using two DNA-based clones: one sequence referred to as the wild type and another as mutant #7 that harbors one nonsynonymous and one synonymous mutation in the viral replicase gene (<i>p23</i>) and one synonymous mutation in the <i>p8</i> movement protein gene relative to the wild type. The host range of the virus was determined through inoculating a series of local weed species and agriculturally relevant hosts, which showed that soybean and pinto bean are potentially important hosts of this virus. Using both clones, viral transmission to sugarbeet by <i>Olpidium virulentus</i> was verified. Using site-directed mutagenesis of mutant #7, we demonstrated that the amino acid change in the <i>p23</i> gene alone restored the phenotype similar to the wild type on <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>-inoculated leaves. Additionally, this latter change and the synonymous mutation in the <i>p8</i> gene were both required to re-establish systemic infection in <i>N. benthamiana</i> similar to the wild type. Our analysis reveals differences among both variants and lays the groundwork for characterizing the role of BvANV-1 proteins during infection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"403-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Involvement of Potyviral VPg-Interacting Protein (PVIP) and Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor Components with Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus Resistance in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>.","authors":"Fulgencio Espejel, Natzul Santoyo, Gloria Santana, Gabriela Toomer, Jorge Acosta-Gallegos, Matthew W Blair, Laura Silva-Rosales, Masoud Naderpour","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-25-0086-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-07-25-0086-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two independent recessive genes, <i>bc</i>-<i>1</i> and <i>bc-</i>2, in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> confer resistance to the systemic movement of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). To identify candidate genes for these loci, homologs of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana PVIP1</i> and <i>PVIP2</i>, which encode potyviral VPg-interacting proteins, were cloned from <i>P</i>. <i>vulgaris</i> genotypes. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor <i>eIF4E</i> was also cloned. We identified 2 alleles of <i>PvPVIP1</i>, 12 alleles of <i>PvPVIP2</i> (<i>PvPVIP2¹</i> to <i>PvPVIP2¹²</i>), 2 previously reported <i>eIF4E¹</i> and <i>eIF4E³</i> alleles, and a novel <i>eIF4E⁵</i> allele. Predicted PvPVIP2 and PveIF4E proteins differed from their wild-type homologs by one to four amino acids and one deletion, distinguishing most resistant (<i>bc-1¹</i>) from susceptible (<i>BC-1¹</i>) cultivars. Resistance to BCMV and/or BCMNV in several genotypes correlated with co-occurrence of mutated <i>eIF4E</i> and <i>PvPVIP2</i> alleles. An F₂ population segregating for <i>PvPVIP2²/PvPVIP2³</i> and <i>eIF4E³</i> alleles was analyzed for resistance to BCMV-NL1 and BCMNV-NL3 variants. Plants were genotyped using two <i>cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence</i> (<i>CAPS</i>) markers, <i>PVIP2-Hpa</i>II and <i>eIF4E-Rsa</i>I, as well as BCMV-resistant markers <i>SW13</i> and <i>ROC11</i>. F₂ plants homozygous for <i>PveIF4E³</i> and <i>PvPVIP2²/PvPVIP³</i> alleles and positive for the <i>ROC11</i> marker were resistant to both viruses. In-silico protein-protein interaction studies confirmed PvPVIP2 and BCMV-VPg as biological counterparts. <i>PvPVIP2</i> gene mapped on linkage group 8, a new position for virus resistance. This study expands understanding of recessive viral resistances in plants by correlating <i>PveIF4E</i> and <i>PvPVIP2</i> and suggests that <i>CAPS</i> markers could aid in common bean breeding. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"438-449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}