Aruna Sankaranarayanan, Piotr Sapiezynski, Una-May O’Reilly
{"title":"Facebook algorithm’s active role in climate advertisement delivery","authors":"Aruna Sankaranarayanan, Piotr Sapiezynski, Una-May O’Reilly","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02326-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02326-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate advertising on social media can shape attitudes towards climate change. Delivery algorithms, as key actors in the climate communication ecosystem, determine ad audience selection and might introduce demographic bias. Here, we present a two-part study—an observational analysis (<i>n</i> = 253,125) and a field experiment (<i>M</i> = 650)—to investigate algorithmic bias in Facebook’s climate ad dissemination. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the algorithm’s selection of ad audiences can be explained by factors such as ad content, audience location (US states), gender and age group. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of contrarian ads is linked with the conservative political alignment of a state, while the cost-effectiveness of advocacy ads correlates with liberal political alignment, higher population and per-capita gross domestic product; ad targeting strategies further modulate these effects. The skew in the distribution of climate ads across US states, age groups and genders reinforces existing climate attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring climate futures with deep learning","authors":"Alaa Al Khourdajie","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02350-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02350-w","url":null,"abstract":"Glancing forward to view alternative futures for limiting global warming requires understanding complex societal–environmental systems that drive future emissions. Now a study explores the potential, and limits, of deep learning to generate core characteristics of these futures.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James D. Ford, Robbert Biesbroek, Lea Berrang Ford, Felix Creutzig, Neal Haddaway, Sherilee Harper, Jan C. Minx, Mark New, Anne J. Sietsma, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Max Callaghan
{"title":"Recommendations for producing knowledge syntheses to inform climate change assessments","authors":"James D. Ford, Robbert Biesbroek, Lea Berrang Ford, Felix Creutzig, Neal Haddaway, Sherilee Harper, Jan C. Minx, Mark New, Anne J. Sietsma, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Max Callaghan","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02354-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02354-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change assessments (CCAs) play a critical role in taking stock of the available science and other forms of knowledge and informing policy processes. As the underlying evidence base increases exponentially, the complexity also increases and challenges CCA author teams to capture all the relevant knowledge. Therefore, CCAs will need to transition from predominantly assessing primary research to focusing on the assessment and critical appraisal of knowledge syntheses of such work, alongside capturing knowledges held outside traditional scientific sources. To support this, a stronger knowledge synthesis culture is needed, and we propose key recommendations and offer guidance for producing robust, transparent, reproducible, inclusive and timely syntheses that can inform CCAs across scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflicting selection on flowering time","authors":"Tegan Armarego-Marriott","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02360-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02360-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various studies have shown that water stress can influence both the quality and timing of flowering. Generally, dry years or environments are expected to select for early flowering as a drought avoidance strategy. However, for plants that rely on pollinators, these may also be a strong selective pressure, and previous work suggests that pollinators can select for both earlier and later flowering time in different contexts. This raises the potential for conflicting selection on flowering phenology (timing) under ongoing climate change.</p><p>To better understand the interaction between water availability and pollinator-mediated selection on flowering phenology, Yun Wu from Sichuan Normal University, China, and colleagues in China and Sweden combined pollination and water manipulation on the flowering herb <i>Primula tibetica</i>. They show that flowering phenology selection was both context-dependent and conflicting: under low water conditions there was pollinator-mediator selection for early flowering, but non-pollinator-mediated selection for later flowering, while under medium water conditions, pollinators and non-pollinator agents selected for shorter and longer flowering duration, respectively. The work highlights the ability for climate to constrain evolutionary responses, and a need to better understand combined abiotic and biotic impacts on selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lost along the way","authors":"Jasper Franke","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02359-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02359-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In their study, David Rounce from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, USA, and colleagues from the USA, Norway and Switzerland quantified how much of the meltwater from glaciers actually reaches the ocean and how much is lost on the way. For this, they combined glacier and hydrological models under different climate scenarios until 2100. They find that around 5% of the global glacier meltwater is lost through either evapotranspiration or through human extraction. Most of this water is lost in endorheic basins in High Mountain Asia, while the remainder is withdrawn from rivers supporting large populations. Even though some of this water might reach the oceans later through recycling, this study demonstrates that not all projected glacier loss can be expected to immediately contribute to sea-level rise.</p><p><b>Original reference:</b> <i>Geophys. Res. Lett</i>. <b>52</b>, e2025GL114866 (2025)</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant processes matter","authors":"Alyssa Findlay","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02357-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02357-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sajjad Raza, Tino Colombi and colleagues from the University of Nottingham take stock of research on soil carbon and assessed the extent to which plant processes have been investigated in peer-reviewed papers. Using bibliometric analysis, they find that less than 10% of the literature on soil carbon, climate change and land use has considered plant physiology. This represents a blind spot in understanding soil carbon, as well as future feedbacks under climate change. The authors call for the inclusion of plant scientists in soil carbon research and highlight the importance of long-term studies that include measurements of plant physiology alongside estimates of soil carbon stocks.</p><p><b>Original reference:</b> <i>Soil</i> <b>11</b>, 363–369 (2025)</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural harmony","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02366-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02366-2","url":null,"abstract":"There can be a disconnect between everyday life and the natural world, but a healthy diverse environment, where humanity can thrive, requires collective action to address the threats from climate change and development.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"438 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International gender inequality","authors":"Lingxiao Yan","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02358-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02358-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing climate risks are threatening the welfare of human society, yet the capacity to deal with the challenges is not gender neutral. The burden on women disproportionately increases, especially for those living in low-income countries. However, the coupling between climate change and gender equality is still not sufficiently addressed.</p><p>Xinghao Li of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China, and colleagues provide evidence confirming that climate change vulnerability enhances gender inequality based on data across 154 countries from 1995 to 2021. They find that climate change vulnerability threatens women’s reproductive security and widens the gender gap in education and political power. Such effect is less severe in countries with effective governance and low economic risks, but more pronounced in small island developing countries. Mechanism analysis shows that climate change increases vulnerability in the food and habitat sectors, and the impact on gender inequality is nonlinear. Lastly, the authors demonstrate that investments in climate adaptation in general effectively reduce gender inequality exacerbated by climate change vulnerability. Their findings highlight the necessity of incorporating the gendered impact when designing climate policies and projects to increase climate resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianxiang Shen, Shihui Zhang, Mengzhen Zhao, Chi Zhang, Wenjia Cai, Can Wang
{"title":"Improving cost–benefit analyses for health-considered climate mitigation policymaking","authors":"Jianxiang Shen, Shihui Zhang, Mengzhen Zhao, Chi Zhang, Wenjia Cai, Can Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02351-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02351-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing discussion about enhancing climate policy efficiency by prioritizing health, with expectations for including health co-benefits in the next round of nationally determined contribution updates. Critical to this effort is the need to compare the benefits to the costs of mitigation. Here we synthesize the current cost-effectiveness of climate policies based on health-included cost–benefit analyses and identify key research challenges and opportunities for scaling up health-considered or even health-centred climate policies. Furthermore, we show factors essential to accelerating the development and implementation of mitigation policies, including providing tangible and policy-relevant health co-benefits, promoting interdisciplinary contributions and cross-sector policy engagement, conducting regional studies and improving inter-study comparability, and exploring health-considered optimized strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meeting climate target with realistic demand-side policies in the residential sector","authors":"Lucas Vivier, Alessio Mastrucci, Bas van Ruijven","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02348-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02348-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Union (EU) has established an ambitious policy framework for demand-side mitigation in buildings towards net-zero targets. Here, we conduct a comprehensive quantitative assessment of 384 demand-side policy combinations for residential space heating that complement supply-side decarbonization efforts. We show that implementing the EU Emissions Trading System 2, even when combined with energy supply decarbonization, falls short of climate targets. Beyond the EU Emissions Trading System 2, we emphasize the need for ambitious heat-pump subsidies as a critical component of a successful strategy. Conversely, a large-scale generic ‘Renovation Wave’ contributes modestly to decarbonization, is not a cost-effective strategy at the EU level and requires significant public spending increases. We advocate for the implementation of a carbon tax, paired with substantial heat-pump subsidies and targeted incentives for home insulation by country and building. This approach supports the decarbonization of the residential sector, limits the strain on the electricity grid and alleviates energy poverty.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}