{"title":"Step-by-step sliding mode observer for control of a walking biped robot by using only actuated variables measurement","authors":"V. Lebastard, Y. Aoustin, F. Plestan","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545448","url":null,"abstract":"A step-by-step observer based on second order sliding mode approach is proposed to determine the absolute orientation of a biped robot during a walking cyclic gait. The gait are composed of single support phases and impacts. The biped is underactuated in single support because there is no motor in the ankles. The observer and the control law converge in finite-time. The originality is both: firstly, the observer is based on second-order sliding mode approach and is original in biped robot context Secondly, the estimation of all state variables are derived from only actuated joint variables, which induces a minimization of the sensors number. Numerical tests are proposed to show the robustness of the observer coupled with the control.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approach to an architecture for a generic computer integrated surgery system","authors":"H. Peters, J. Raczkowsky, H. Wörn","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545553","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the proposal for an architecture that allows to easily connect different devices or modules to a system for computer integrated surgery (CIS). This would allow the reuse of expensive CIS devices like robots. Yet, in contrast to other surgical robot systems, this architecture does not require a robot - it just supports its use. Therefore, a robot and its attached tool are distinguished as two separate devices. All devices in this architecture have knowledge about themselves and thus hardly depend on other devices. The article motivates and describes this architecture and explains an example implementation.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"2 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123663262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vision data registration for robot self-localization in 3D","authors":"Pifu Zhang, E. Milios, J. Gu","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545433","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of globally consistent estimation of the trajectory of a robot arm moving in three dimensional space based on a sequence of binocular stereo images from a stereo camera mounted on the tip of the arm. Correspondence between 3D points from successive stereo camera positions is established through matching of 2D SIFT features in the images. We compare three different methods for solving this estimation problem, based on three distance measures between 3D points, Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance and a distance measure defined by a maximum likelihood formulation. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the maximum likelihood formulation is the most accurate. If the measurement error is guaranteed to be small, then Euclidean distance is the fastest, without significantly compromising accuracy, and therefore it is best for on-line robot navigation.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114214748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decentralized sliding force/position PD control of cooperative robots in operational space under Jacobian uncertainty","authors":"R. García-Rodríguez, Vicente Parra‐Vega","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545464","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative robots have attracted the attention because they allow carrying out of tasks which cannot be done with a single robot. Though cooperative robot dynamics are quite complex to handle, regularly it is necessary to implement a nonlinear dynamics-based controller which guarantees fast tracking. A method for very fast constrained object maneuvering for non redundant rigid cooperative robot manipulators is proposed in this paper. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that very fast decentralized Cartesian cooperative tracking is obtained without using the model of the robot nor exact knowledge of inverse Jacobian. The model-free sliding PD force controller, driven by second order position/force commuting sliding surfaces, is presented, such that approximate compensation of nonlinear dynamics of each robot arises, and the residual error dynamics is finally cancelled by a chattering-free Cartesian sliding mode to guarantee convergence of position and force tracking errors. Notice that inverse kinematics are avoided by synthesized Cartesian, rather than joint, error sliding surfaces, thus the commuting manifold does not depend on the Jacobian, therefore, the system is robust against Jacobian uncertainty, A simulation study of two cooperative robots manipulating a constrained object shows the expected performance.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114233774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and control of a hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation of hand injuries","authors":"A. Wege, G. Hommel","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545506","url":null,"abstract":"Hand injuries are a frequent problem. The great amount of hand injuries is not only a problem for the affected people but economic consequences follow because rehabilitation takes a long time. Physical therapy after an operation is associated with high personnel expenses. To improve therapy results and reduce cost of rehabilitation a hand exoskeleton was developed. The hand exoskeleton was specifically designed to accomplish requirements of medical applications. For research on control algorithms and rehabilitation programs a prototype supporting all four degrees of freedom of one finger was build. The device can be easily attached and also be adjusted to deformed and scarred hands. In view of the fact that a lot of hand injuries affect only one finger, this prototype could already be functional in physical therapy. This paper presents the construction and the control system of the hand exoskeleton and possible applications in therapy of hand injuries. For the position control a PID controller was implemented and evaluated. The resulting control system allows following of recorded trajectories with sufficient accuracy.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116217826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attitude and gyro bias estimation for a flying UAV","authors":"N. Metni, J. Pflimlin, T. Hamel, P. Souéres","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1544997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1544997","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a nonlinear complimentary filter (x-estimator) is presented to estimate the attitude of a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). The measurements are taken from a low-cost SMU (inertial measurement unit) which consists of 3-axis accelerometers and 3-axis gyroscopes. The gyro bias are estimated online. A second nonlinear complimentary filter (z-estimator) is also designed, it combines 3-axis gyroscope readings with 3-axis magnetometer measurements. From the proposed estimators, the full rotation matrix R will be retrieved. Both estimators use the fact that the orientation matrix, evolving on SO(3), is not locally parameterized and thus could be used to describe any kind of 3D motion. Convergence of the two observers is theoretically proved and simulations as well as experiments are conducted on a real platform in hovering flight conditions.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116224606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy approach for mobile robot positioning","authors":"W. Shen, J. Gu","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fuzzy approach for positioning an iRobot B21r mobile robot in an indoor environment. A novel error model for the laser rangefinder is built with consideration of the detection distance and the detection angle, and a new concept, the virtual angular point, is introduced as the feature for positioning the mobile robot in this paper. Such points as break points, real angular points, and virtual angular points are employed for positioning a mobile robot. Positions obtained by two arbitrary pairs of feature points are fused together by the weighted mean technique, and the weights are determined by the fuzzy accuracy of the feature points. Experimental study has been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithms.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114738738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal design of parallel manipulators for maximum effective regular workspace","authors":"Y. Lou, Guanfeng Liu, N. Chen, Zexiang Li","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545144","url":null,"abstract":"Kinematic design of parallel manipulators is addressed in this paper. By observation that regular (e.g., hyper-rectangular) workspaces are desirable for most machines, we propose the concept of effective regular workspace, which reflects both requirements on the workspace shape and quality. Dexterity index is utilized to characterize the effectiveness of the workspace. The optimal design problem is then formulated to find a manipulator geometry that maximizes the effective regular workspace. Since the optimal design problem is a constrained nonlinear optimization problem without explicit analytical expressions, the controlled random search (CRS) technique, which was reported robust and reliable, is applied to numerically solve the problem. The commonly-used Stewart-Gough platform is employed as an example to demonstrate the design procedure.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127696427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tactile telepresence system using PVDF sensors and electrostatic stimulator","authors":"A. Yamamoto, Kyu Yong Kim, T. Higuchi","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545127","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new tactile telepresence system is developed. The new system consists of a multi-channel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tactile sensor, a friction-type electrostatic tactile display, and a master-slave control system. The tactile sensor, which is situated in the slave site, is equipped with a contact force control unit to reproduce a finger-object contact condition at the master site. Also, the tactile sensor works with a linear motor stage to reproduce the operator's finger motion while exploring a surface. The finger's exploring motion and contact force are measured by sensor systems embedded in the tactile display at the master site. With these units, the system realizes master-slave surface texture presentation. In past research, the electrostatic tactile display showed good performance in displaying uniform and periodic surface textures, or surface roughness. In this research, it was demonstrated that the electrostatic tactile display is also able to display localized or non-uniform surface textures, such as a bump or a step, by extending its control scheme.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127737035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition-based indoor topological navigation using robust invariant features","authors":"Zhe L. Lin, Sungho Kim, In-So Kweon","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545589","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a recognition-based autonomous navigation system for mobile robots. The system is based on our previously proposed robust invariant feature (RIF) detector. This detector extracts highly robust and repeatable features based on the key idea of tracking multi-scale interest points and selecting unique representative local structures with the strongest response in both spatial and scale domains. Weighted Zernike moments are used as the feature descriptor and applied to the place recognition. The navigation system is composed of on-line and off-line two stages. In the off-line learning stage, we train the robot in its workspace by just taking several images of representative places as landmarks. Then, in the on-line navigation stage, the robot recognizes scenes, obtains robust feature correspondences, and navigates the environment autonomously using the iterative pose converging (IPC) algorithm which is based on the idea of the visual servoing technique. The experimental results and the performance evaluation show that the proposed navigation system can achieve excellent performance in complex indoor environments.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126494057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}