Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02032-7
Victoria J. Armer, Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
{"title":"Expanding flg22 recognition in plants","authors":"Victoria J. Armer, Renier A. L. van der Hoorn","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02032-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02032-7","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial perception by plants is imperative to trigger plant defences and mount immunity against bacterial diseases. Cell surface receptor kinase FLS2 detects the flg22 epitope of bacterial flagella to initiate defence responses. Two new, complementary studies report on the expansion of flg22 recognition to a wider range of bacterial pathogens by selectively engineering FLS2 receptors.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02050-5
Songyuan Zhang, Songyuan Liu, Hung-Fei Lai, Kyle W. Bender, Gijeong Kim, Amedeo Caflisch, Cyril Zipfel
{"title":"Reverse engineering of the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 reveals key design principles of broader recognition spectra against evading flg22 epitopes","authors":"Songyuan Zhang, Songyuan Liu, Hung-Fei Lai, Kyle W. Bender, Gijeong Kim, Amedeo Caflisch, Cyril Zipfel","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02050-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02050-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the ongoing plant–pathogen arms race, plants use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), while in successful pathogens, PAMPs can evolve to evade detection. Engineering PRRs to recognize evading PAMPs could potentially generate broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance. Here we reverse-engineered two natural variants of the PRR FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), VrFLS2XL and GmFLS2b, with extended recognition specificities towards evading flg22 variants. We identified minimal gain-of-function residues enabling blind FLS2s to recognize otherwise evading flg22 variants. We uncovered two strategies: (1) optimizing FLS2–flg22 interaction around flg22’s key evasion sites and (2) strengthening direct FLS2–BAK1 interaction to overcome weak agonistic and antagonistic flg22s, respectively. In addition, we leveraged polymorphisms that enhance recognition through unknown mechanisms to engineer a superior recognition capability. These findings offer basic design principles to engineer PRRs with broader recognition spectra, paving the way for PRR engineering to generate precisely gene-edited disease-resistant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02049-y
Tianrun Li, Esteban Jarquin Bolaños, Danielle M. Stevens, Hanxu Sha, Daniil M. Prigozhin, Gitta Coaker
{"title":"Unlocking expanded flagellin perception through rational receptor engineering","authors":"Tianrun Li, Esteban Jarquin Bolaños, Danielle M. Stevens, Hanxu Sha, Daniil M. Prigozhin, Gitta Coaker","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02049-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02049-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The surface-localized receptor kinase FLS2 detects the flg22 epitope from bacterial flagella. FLS2 is conserved across land plants, but bacterial pathogens exhibit polymorphic flg22 epitopes. Most FLS2 homologues possess narrow perception ranges, but four with expanded perception have been identified. Using diversity analyses, AlphaFold modelling and amino acid properties, key residues enabling expanded recognition were mapped to FLS2’s concave surface, interacting with the co-receptor and polymorphic flg22 residues. Synthetic biology enabled engineering of expanded recognition from QvFLS2 (<i>Quercus variabilis</i>) into a homologue with canonical perception. A similar approach enabled transfer of <i>Agrobacterium</i> perception from FLS2<sup>XL</sup> (<i>Vitis riparia</i>) into VrFLS2. Evolutionary analyses across three plant orders showed residues under positive selection aligning with those binding the co-receptor and flg22’s C terminus, suggesting more alleles with expanded perception exist. Our experimental data enabled the identification of specific receptor amino acid properties and AlphaFold3 metrics that facilitate predicting FLS2–flg22 recognition. This study provides a framework for rational receptor engineering to enhance pathogen restriction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of the cytoplasmic motor–LINC complex involved in rapid chromosome movements during meiotic prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Bowei Cai, Mariana Tiscareno-Andrade, Yanru Luo, Sandrine Lefranc, Fei Cao, Aurélie Chambon, Xinjie Yuan, Marion Peuch, Yashi Zhang, Aurélie Hurel, Julie Guérin, Nathalie Vrielynck, Christine Mézard, Philippe Andrey, Laurence Cromer, Chao Yang, Mathilde Grelon","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02043-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02043-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Homologous pairing and recombination during meiosis are facilitated by rapid prophase movements (RPMs), which depend on chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope (NE) and on cytoplasmic forces transmitted to the chromosomes through the NE, mediated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. In plants, only the NE-associated SUN-domain proteins SUN1 and SUN2 have been identified as components of the RPM process. Here we show that, during meiosis, SUN1 and SUN2 form a LINC complex with the KASH-domain protein SINE3, which recruits the meiosis-specific kinesin PSS1 to the NE. These proteins accumulate at telomere-binding sites in the NE, and their loss disrupts telomere attachment and bouquet formation and abolishes RPMs. These defects lead to defective synapsis and clustered crossovers, resulting in chromosome mis-segregation. Our results establish that the mechanism underlying RPMs is conserved in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, with RPMs primarily facilitating homologous recognition rather than preventing non-homologous interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02053-2
Ping Xu, Sophia Fundneider, Birgit Lange, Rafał Maksym, Johannes Stuttmann, Anton R. Schäffner
{"title":"A root-based N-hydroxypipecolic acid standby circuit to direct immunity and growth of Arabidopsis shoots","authors":"Ping Xu, Sophia Fundneider, Birgit Lange, Rafał Maksym, Johannes Stuttmann, Anton R. Schäffner","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02053-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02053-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil-borne microorganisms can systemically affect shoot resistance to pathogens relying on jasmonic acid and/or salicylic acid. However, the emanating root triggers in these scenarios remain elusive. Here we identify an <i>N</i>-hydroxypipecolic-acid-(NHP-)directed, salicylic-acid-related mechanism of root-triggered systemic resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, which uses components of systemic acquired resistance known in leaves. However, in contrast to the inductive nature of systemic acquired resistance, FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1) continuously synthesizes NHP in roots, while the glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 concomitantly conjugates and immobilizes NHP. Physical grafting experiments and tissue-specific knockouts revealed that the loss of UGT76B1 in roots leads to enhanced NHP release, initiating shoot responses. This counteracting standby FMO1/UGT76B1 circuit is specifically and sensitively modulated by root-associated microorganisms. Endophytic and (hemi)biotrophic fungi induce UGT76B1 degradation and FMO1 expression, resulting in varying levels of NHP being released to the shoot, where this root signal differently modulates defence and growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02075-w
{"title":"The human factor","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02075-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02075-w","url":null,"abstract":"Plant science is, as yet, conducted not by large language models or artificial intelligence, but by people. From this month, Nature Plants will be publishing pieces specifically focused on the personal side of research and researchers.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02063-0
Catherine Walker
{"title":"Creating resilience through agroforestry","authors":"Catherine Walker","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02063-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02063-0","url":null,"abstract":"Aster Gebrekirstos is a senior scientist at the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF). Her multidisciplinary work in agroforestry, dendrochronology and forest ecology examines how trees respond to climate change. Aster talks to Nature Plants about the importance of putting people at the heart of her research.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02071-0
John J. Ross
{"title":"Beyond the identification of Mendel’s genes","authors":"John J. Ross","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02071-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02071-0","url":null,"abstract":"After a long hiatus, a recent paper identifies the molecular basis of Mendel’s remaining three traits and demonstrates that the genes concerned are major contributors to phenotypic variation in pea.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02069-8
Guillaume Tena
{"title":"Edible second-hand solar panels","authors":"Guillaume Tena","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02069-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02069-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This transient endosymbiotic process, reminiscent of the primary incorporation of organelles that gave birth to eukaryotic cells, is called kleptoplasty. While it has been known for a long time, a recent study in <i>Cell</i> reveals intricate new details of the molecular mechanisms behind this association, which can last for a year and increase survival in case of starvation.</p><p>In the sea slug <i>Elysia crispata</i>, the stolen chloroplasts are highly concentrated in regulated specialized cells named plastid cells, localized around the body surface to better catch the light. The thylakoid stack ultrastructure is conserved and functional, despite the lack of the algal nuclear genome to provide needed maintenance proteins. Each chloroplast is individually wrapped in a membrane containing ATP-sensitive ion channels, forming organelles named kleptosomes, and actively kept in a functional state to produce energy in response to light. In case of prolonged starvation, a different program is activated: chloroplasts are degraded and digested. The sea slugs lose their green colour but are provided with an internal source of nutrients that can double their survival time.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"676 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PlantsPub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02059-w
Patricia Caballero-Carretero, Joaquin Medina
{"title":"A mobile transcription factor coordinates systemic responses to nitrogen deficiency","authors":"Patricia Caballero-Carretero, Joaquin Medina","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02059-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02059-w","url":null,"abstract":"Long-distance signalling helps plants to coordinate responses to environmental stress, but identification of these signals can be technically challenging. A recent study presented a new method for mobile transcription factor identification based on trans-organ gene co-expression, enabling characterization of the shoot-derived transcription factor TGA7 and providing insights into how plants coordinate regulatory processes across different tissues.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}