Nature Plants最新文献

{"title":"How villin subclasses coordinate actin remodelling","authors":"Raphael Trösch","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01887-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01887-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Villins, which were originally named after their occurrence in mammalian microvilli, contain a gelsolin domain and a C-terminal villin headpiece domain. Both domains can bind actin; one villin molecule can therefore bind to two actin filaments, which enables it to function in actin bundling. This is in contrast to the related gelsolin, which has only a calcium-dependent actin-severing function. In plants, villins are expressed widely and have diverse actin regulatory roles, such as actin nucleation, capping, severing and bundling. Plant villins have been divided into three subclasses (I, II and III) on the basis of phylogeny and the number of calcium binding sites. In <i>Arabidopsis</i>, VILLIN1 (VLN1) is the only villin of subclass I and acts only as an actin bundler. VLN2 and VLN3 belong to subclass II, and VLN4 and VLN5 belong to subclass III. The relative functionalities of subclass II and III villins in plants have remained unclear.</p><p>To investigate this, the authors performed a detailed analysis of mutant combinations. The <i>vln2</i> <i>vln3</i> <i>vln4</i> (<i>vln2/3/4</i>) triple mutants suffered from growth defects that could be rescued by expression of each of the three villins, which suggests that VLN2, VLN3 and VLN4 may act — to some extent — redundantly. Yet, both villin subclasses have some degree of functional specialization: VLN4 (subclass III) has the strongest actin-bundling activity and VLN2 (subclass II) has the weakest. Conversely, VLN2 has the strongest actin-severing activity and VLN4 has the weakest. VLN3 seems to show intermediate behaviour in both cases. On the one hand, VLN2 has a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution, high calcium binding affinity and strong actin depolymerizing and filament-shortening activity. VLN4, on the other hand, localizes to actin filaments, has low calcium binding affinity and weak actin depolymerizing and filament-shortening activity. The <i>vln4</i> single mutants have a higher rate of actin severing and decreased actin lifetime. These data suggest that VLN4 mainly functions in calcium-independent actin bundling and stabilization, whereas VLN2 is predominantly involved in calcium-dependent severing. Interestingly, <i>vln2/3</i> — but not <i>vln2/4</i> and <i>vln3/4</i> — double mutants have curly organs, and severing-deficient VLN2 could rescue the general growth defect of <i>vln2/3/4</i> triple mutants, but not the curly organ phenotype. This suggests that actin severing by subclass II villin — but not actin bundling by subclass III villin — is required for oriented growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to end the vascular plant chauvinism","authors":"Kathrin Rousk, Juan Carlos Villarreal A","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01876-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01876-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the vast diversity of plants, we often focus our admiration, conservation efforts and research on vascular plants: the towering trees, flowering shrubs, and beneficial grasses and herbs. However, this emphasis reveals a bias that leaves the non-vascular plants — the tiny, overlooked, inconspicuous plants — hidden in the shadows, literally. These ‘lower plants’, as the research community likes to call them, lack the majestic height, vascular structures, roots, and flowers of their larger relatives and so rarely capture our attention. However, they are key to some of the Earth’s most extreme and vulnerable habitats.</p><p>Bryophytes, non-vascular plants that include mosses, liverworts and hornworts¹, flourish in environments where even the hardiest vascular plant species cannot survive. They thrive on mountaintops, in the polar tundra, cool shrublands, and under dark forest canopies, where they have key roles in nitrogen cycling, regulating microclimates, storing carbon, pioneering new ecosystems, and serving as bio-indicators of pollution^2,3.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosure of country of origin in patent applications might not help to protect genetic resources and traditional knowledge","authors":"Sruthi Balaji, Allison Fish, Brad Sherman","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01880-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01880-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On 24 May 2024, the World Intellectual Property Organization adopted the Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (hereafter, the Treaty). Although it has been hailed as a victory for Indigenous peoples and local communities^1,2, its effectiveness will depend on how the Treaty is implemented in national law.</p><p>The cornerstone of the Treaty is the requirement that when inventions are based on genetic resources, patent applicants must disclose the country of origin of those resources or, if that is unknown, the source. When an invention is based on traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, applicants are required to disclose the Indigenous peoples or local community who provided the traditional knowledge or, if unknown, the source.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry matters","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01889-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01889-4","url":null,"abstract":"December is traditionally a time for looking back at the year that has passed. For plant biology, drought has been a frequently raised topic in 2024 — and 2025 is unlikely to be any different.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1839-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-024-01889-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the genomic basis to empower sweet potato breeding","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01884-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01884-9","url":null,"abstract":"Deep genome sequencing and comprehensive phenotyping of 294 samples of hexaploid sweet potato identify genomic loci with an increase in the number of copies of alleles that enhance the expression of 23 agronomic traits during breeding. These findings offer valuable insights to guide trait improvement in sweet potato and other polyploid crops.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining polyploid breeding in sweet potato through allele dosage enhancement","authors":"Xiangbo Zhang, Chaochen Tang, Bingzhi Jiang, Rong Zhang, Ming Li, Yaoyao Wu, Zhufang Yao, Lifei Huang, Zhongxia Luo, Hongda Zou, Yiling Yang, Minyi Wu, Ao Chen, Shan Wu, Xingliang Hou, Xu Liu, Zhangjun Fei, Junjie Fu, Zhangying Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01873-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01873-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Allele dosage plays a key role in the phenotypic variation of polyploids. Here we present a genome-wide variation map of hexaploid sweet potato that captures allele dosage information, constructed from deep sequencing of 294 hexaploid accessions. Genome-wide association studies identified quantitative trait loci with dosage effects on 23 agronomic traits. Our analyses reveal that sweet potato breeding has progressively increased the dosage of favourable alleles to enhance trait performance. Notably, the Mesoamerican gene pool has evolved towards higher dosages of favourable alleles at multiple loci, which have been increasingly introgressed into modern Chinese cultivars. We substantiated the breeding-driven dosage accumulation through transgenic validation of <i>IbEXPA4</i>, an expansin gene influencing tuberous root weight. In addition, we explored causative sequence variations that alter the expression of the <i>Orange</i> gene, which regulates flesh colour. Our findings illuminate the breeding history of sweet potato and establish a foundation for leveraging allele dosages in polyploid breeding practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"73 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of a SHOOTMERISTEMLESS transcription factor binding site promotes fruit shape determination","authors":"Zhi-Cheng Hu, Mateusz Majda, Hao-Ran Sun, Yao Zhang, Yi-Ning Ding, Quan Yuan, Tong-Bing Su, Tian-Feng Lü, Feng Gao, Gui-Xia Xu, Richard S. Smith, Lars Østergaard, Yang Dong","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01854-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01854-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In animals and plants, organ shape is primarily determined during primordium development by carefully coordinated growth and cell division^1,2,3. Rare examples of post-primordial change in morphology (reshaping) exist that offer tractable systems for the study of mechanisms required for organ shape determination and diversification. One such example is morphogenesis in <i>Capsella</i> fruits whose heart-shaped appearance emerges by reshaping of the ovate spheroid gynoecium upon fertilization⁴. Here we use whole-organ live-cell imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to show that <i>Capsella</i> fruit shape determination is based on dynamic changes in cell growth and cell division coupled with local maintenance of meristematic identity. At the molecular level, we reveal an auxin-induced mechanism that is required for morphological alteration and ultimately determined by a single <i>cis</i>-regulatory element. This element resides in the promoter of the <i>Capsella rubella SHOOTMERISTEMLESS</i>⁵ (<i>Cr</i><i>STM</i>) gene. The CrSTM meristem identity factor positively regulates its own expression through binding to this element, thereby providing a feed-forward loop at the position and time of protrusion emergence to form the heart. Independent evolution of the STM-binding element in <i>STM</i> promoters across Brassicaceae species correlates with those undergoing a gynoecium-to-fruit shape change. Accordingly, genetic and phenotypic studies show that the STM-binding element is required to facilitate the shape transition and suggest a conserved molecular mechanism for organ morphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of forest disturbance","authors":"Catherine Walker","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01885-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01885-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1850-1850"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoda screams again","authors":"Guillaume Tena","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01886-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01886-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1851-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the function of plant root diffusion barriers in sealing and shielding for environmental adaptation","authors":"Yi-Qun Gao,&nbsp;Yu Su,&nbsp;Dai-Yin Chao","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01842-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01842-5","url":null,"abstract":"Plant roots serve as the primary interface between the plant and the soil, encountering numerous challenges ranging from water balance to nutrient uptake. One of the central mechanisms enabling plants to thrive in diverse ecosystems is the building of apoplastic diffusion barriers. These barriers control the flow of solutes into and out of the roots, maintaining water and nutrient homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the establishment, function and ecological significance of root apoplastic diffusion barriers. We highlight the plasticity of apoplastic diffusion barriers under various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and nutrient deficiency. We also propose new frontiers by discussing the current bottlenecks in the study of plant apoplastic diffusion barriers. This Review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of plant apoplastic diffusion barriers, their formation and their function in an environmental context. Open questions and promising research directions in this field are addressed.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1865-1874"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}